Question 1

Genetic engineering allows for the modification of the genetic makeup of an organism through

Accepted Answer

A)  natural selection. 
B)  adding or removing genes. 
C)  selective breeding. 
D)  artificial selection. 
A)  natural selection. 
B)  adding or removing genes. 
C)  selective breeding. 
D)  artificial selection. B

Question 2

Research conducted on the Glanville fritillary butterfly (Melitaea cinxia) can be summarized in all of the following statements except

Accepted Answer

A)  inbreeding can contribute to local extinctions. 
B)  smaller meadows can contribute to local extinction. 
C)  a decrease in heterozygosity can contribute to local extinctions. 
D)  increase in predation can contribute to local extinctions. 
E)  None of the choices are correct. 
A)  inbreeding can contribute to local extinctions. 
B)  smaller meadows can contribute to local extinction. 
C)  a decrease in heterozygosity can contribute to local extinctions. 
D)  increase in predation can contribute to local extinctions. 
E)  None of the choices are correct. D

Question 3

Research on soapberry bugs (Jadera haematoloma) supports all of the following results except

Accepted Answer

A)  the soapberry bugs underwent developmental changes without genetic changes. 
B)  beak length positively correlated with fruit diameter. 
C)  genetic differences were observed between the populations in study. 
D)  natural selection occurred. 
E)  soapberry bugs underwent developmental changes without genetic changes and beak length positively correlated with fruit diameter. 
A)  the soapberry bugs underwent developmental changes without genetic changes. 
B)  beak length positively correlated with fruit diameter. 
C)  genetic differences were observed between the populations in study. 
D)  natural selection occurred. 
E)  soapberry bugs underwent developmental changes without genetic changes and beak length positively correlated with fruit diameter. A

Question 4

A recent study of the finch G. fortis on Santa Cruz Island showed that directional selection has resulted in larger beak size.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

For a population in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, in a situation where there are only two alleles at a particular locus, the proportions of genotypes are: SS = 0.64, Ss = 0.32, and ss = 0.04. Calculate the allele frequency for the recessive allele.

Accepted Answer

A)  0.04 
B)  0.2 
C)  0.32 
D)  0.64 
E)  0.8 
A)  0.04 
B)  0.2 
C)  0.32 
D)  0.64 
E)  0.8

Question 6

The combination of genetics and environmental pressures can cause variations in phenotypes.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

Over time, average phenotypes become less common and the population becomes phenotypically more diverse as a result of ________ selection.

Accepted Answer

A)  bimodal 
B)  directional 
C)  disruptive 
D)  stabilizing 
E)  disjointed 
A)  bimodal 
B)  directional 
C)  disruptive 
D)  stabilizing 
E)  disjointed

Question 8

Phenotypic changes are always reflections of genotypic changes.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

In a population of birds, the average beak size is selected against and the large and small sized beaks are selected for. This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  directional selection. 
B)  disruptive selection. 
C)  stabilizing selection. 
D)  natural selection. 
E)  balanced polymorphism. 
A)  directional selection. 
B)  disruptive selection. 
C)  stabilizing selection. 
D)  natural selection. 
E)  balanced polymorphism.

Question 10

Which of the following correctly describes the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium equation?

Accepted Answer

A)  q2 - qp + p2 = 1.0 
B)  2pq - q2 - 2p = 1.0 
C)  q2 - qp2 + p = 1.0 
D)  p2 + 2pq + q2 = 1.0 
E)  p2 + pq + q2 = 1.0 
A)  q2 - qp + p2 = 1.0 
B)  2pq - q2 - 2p = 1.0 
C)  q2 - qp2 + p = 1.0 
D)  p2 + 2pq + q2 = 1.0 
E)  p2 + pq + q2 = 1.0

Question 11

Which of the following are conditions necessary to maintain Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?

Accepted Answer

A)  No mutations 
B)  Large population 
C)  Equal fitness 
D)  Random mating 
E)  All of the choices are correct. 
A)  No mutations 
B)  Large population 
C)  Equal fitness 
D)  Random mating 
E)  All of the choices are correct.

Question 12

In a population of lizards, the average and long length tails are selected against and the short tails are selected for. This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  directional selection. 
B)  disruptive selection. 
C)  stabilizing selection. 
D)  natural selection. 
E)  balanced polymorphism. 
A)  directional selection. 
B)  disruptive selection. 
C)  stabilizing selection. 
D)  natural selection. 
E)  balanced polymorphism.

Question 13

All of the following conditions are included in the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium principle except

Accepted Answer

A)  no mutation. 
B)  large population size. 
C)  non-random mating. 
D)  no immigration. 
E)  genotypes of equal fitness. 
A)  no mutation. 
B)  large population size. 
C)  non-random mating. 
D)  no immigration. 
E)  genotypes of equal fitness.

Question 14

Vila-Aiub and colleagues found that populations of the weed Sorghum halepense that have been persistently exposed to the herbicide, glyphosate, were not resistant to its effects.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Evolution can be defined as

Accepted Answer

A)  a process which favors the average phenotype within a population. 
B)  a process that increases the average size of individuals within a population. 
C)  a process of eliminating "bad" traits within a population. 
D)  a change in gene frequencies in a population. 
E)  the extent to which phenotypic variation is due to genetic variation. 
A)  a process which favors the average phenotype within a population. 
B)  a process that increases the average size of individuals within a population. 
C)  a process of eliminating "bad" traits within a population. 
D)  a change in gene frequencies in a population. 
E)  the extent to which phenotypic variation is due to genetic variation.

Question 16

Locally adapted and genetically distinctive populations within a species are referred to as

Accepted Answer

A)  heterotypes. 
B)  metatypes. 
C)  genotypes. 
D)  ecotypes. 
E)  allotypes. 
A)  heterotypes. 
B)  metatypes. 
C)  genotypes. 
D)  ecotypes. 
E)  allotypes.

Question 17

For thousands of years, humans have bred domesticated plants and animals to produce and maintain desirable traits, such as large fruits. Darwin used which term to describe this

Accepted Answer

A)  Mutation. 
B)  Artificial selection. 
C)  Phenotypic plasticity. 
D)  Genetic engineering. 
E)  Natural selection. 
A)  Mutation. 
B)  Artificial selection. 
C)  Phenotypic plasticity. 
D)  Genetic engineering. 
E)  Natural selection.

Question 18

What results could Clausen, Keck, and Hiesey have expected to see if alpine, mid-elevation, and lowland populations of sticky cinquefoil (Potentilla glandulosa) were not genetically different?

Accepted Answer

A)  Mid-elevation plants grew best at mid-elevations 
B)  Alpine plants produced more flowers at alpine elevations 
C)  Lowland plants did not produce the most flowers at any elevation 
D)  Lowland plants grew better than alpine plants at lowland elevations 
E)  All plants would grew equally well at all elevations 
A)  Mid-elevation plants grew best at mid-elevations 
B)  Alpine plants produced more flowers at alpine elevations 
C)  Lowland plants did not produce the most flowers at any elevation 
D)  Lowland plants grew better than alpine plants at lowland elevations 
E)  All plants would grew equally well at all elevations

Question 19

Evolution results from

Accepted Answer

A)  mutations. 
B)  natural selection. 
C)  genetic drift. 
D)  gene flow. 
E)  All of the choices are correct. 
A)  mutations. 
B)  natural selection. 
C)  genetic drift. 
D)  gene flow. 
E)  All of the choices are correct.

Question 20

Which of the following is not part of Darwin's theory of natural selection?

Accepted Answer

A)  Offspring are like their parents. 
B)  There is variation between individuals within a species. 
C)  Fewer offspring are produced each generation than can be supported by the environment. 
D)  Some individuals have a higher chance of surviving and reproducing than others in the same population. 
E)  Heritable characteristics can be passed from parent to offspring. 
A)  Offspring are like their parents. 
B)  There is variation between individuals within a species. 
C)  Fewer offspring are produced each generation than can be supported by the environment. 
D)  Some individuals have a higher chance of surviving and reproducing than others in the same population. 
E)  Heritable characteristics can be passed from parent to offspring.

Exam 4: Population Genetics and Natural Selection

Genetic engineering allows for the modification of the genetic makeup of an organism through

Research conducted on the Glanville fritillary butterfly (Melitaea cinxia) can be summarized in all of the following statements except

Research on soapberry bugs (Jadera haematoloma) supports all of the following results except

A recent study of the finch G. fortis on Santa Cruz Island showed that directional selection has resulted in larger beak size.

For a population in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, in a situation where there are only two alleles at a particular locus, the proportions of genotypes are: SS = 0.64, Ss = 0.32, and ss = 0.04. Calculate the allele frequency for the recessive allele.

The combination of genetics and environmental pressures can cause variations in phenotypes.

Over time, average phenotypes become less common and the population becomes phenotypically more diverse as a result of ________ selection.

Phenotypic changes are always reflections of genotypic changes.

In a population of birds, the average beak size is selected against and the large and small sized beaks are selected for. This is an example of

Which of the following correctly describes the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium equation?

Which of the following are conditions necessary to maintain Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?

In a population of lizards, the average and long length tails are selected against and the short tails are selected for. This is an example of

All of the following conditions are included in the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium principle except

Vila-Aiub and colleagues found that populations of the weed Sorghum halepense that have been persistently exposed to the herbicide, glyphosate, were not resistant to its effects.

Evolution can be defined as

Locally adapted and genetically distinctive populations within a species are referred to as

For thousands of years, humans have bred domesticated plants and animals to produce and maintain desirable traits, such as large fruits. Darwin used which term to describe this

What results could Clausen, Keck, and Hiesey have expected to see if alpine, mid-elevation, and lowland populations of sticky cinquefoil (Potentilla glandulosa) were not genetically different?

Evolution results from

Which of the following is not part of Darwin's theory of natural selection?

Introduction to Ecology: Historical Foundations and Developing Frontiers

Life on Land

Life in Water

Temperature Relations

Water Relations

Energy and Nutrient Relations

Social Relations

Population Distribution and Abundance

Population Dynamics

Population Growth

Life Histories

Competition

Exploitative Interactions: Predation, Herbivory, Parasitism, and Disease

Mutualism

Species Abundance and Diversity

Species Interactions and Community Structure

Primary Production and Energy Flow

Nutrient Cycling and Retention

Succession and Stability

Landscape Ecology

Geographic Ecology

Global Ecology

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