Question 1

Each generation of the gray whales and the monarch butterflies travels from one end of their range to the other.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 2

Caughley's research on the distribution of three different species of Australian kangaroos (Macropus giganteus, M. fuliginosus, and M. rufus) suggests the

Accepted Answer

A)  physical environment limits the distribution of the kangaroos. 
B)  topography limits the distribution of the kangaroos. 
C)  amount of rainfall limits the distribution of the kangaroos. 
D)  temperature limits the distribution of the kangaroos. 
E)  None of the choices are correct. 
A)  physical environment limits the distribution of the kangaroos. 
B)  topography limits the distribution of the kangaroos. 
C)  amount of rainfall limits the distribution of the kangaroos. 
D)  temperature limits the distribution of the kangaroos. 
E)  None of the choices are correct. A

Question 3

In order to determine whether a species is common or rare, ecologists use all of the following criteria except

Accepted Answer

A)  habitat tolerance. 
B)  evolutionary existence. 
C)  geographical range. 
D)  local population size. 
E)  None of the choices are correct. 
A)  habitat tolerance. 
B)  evolutionary existence. 
C)  geographical range. 
D)  local population size. 
E)  None of the choices are correct. B

Question 4

All seven forms of rarity increase species vulnerability to extinction.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Animals with antagonistic behaviors will most likely be distributed in a ________ pattern.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Animals with antagonistic behaviors will most likely...

Question 6

The ________ defines the physical conditions under which a species might live, in the absence of interaction with other species.

Accepted Answer

A)  functional niche 
B)  realized niche 
C)  principle niche 
D)  fundamental niche 
E)  primary niche 
A)  functional niche 
B)  realized niche 
C)  principle niche 
D)  fundamental niche 
E)  primary niche

Question 7

Connell studied the distribution of barnacles Chthamalus stellatus and Balanus balaoides along the coast of Scotland and indicated that, along with the physiology of each barnacle, ________ also played a large role in their distribution pattern.

Accepted Answer

A)  topography 
B)  competition 
C)  salinity 
D)  predation 
E)  temperature 
A)  topography 
B)  competition 
C)  salinity 
D)  predation 
E)  temperature

Question 8

"Extreme Rarity" can be described as

Accepted Answer

A)  restricted range, narrow habitat tolerances, and small local populations. 
B)  restricted range, broad habitat tolerances, and large local populations. 
C)  extensive range, narrow habitat tolerances, and large local populations. 
D)  restricted range, broad habitat tolerances, and small local populations. 
E)  extensive range, broad habitat tolerances, and small local populations. 
A)  restricted range, narrow habitat tolerances, and small local populations. 
B)  restricted range, broad habitat tolerances, and large local populations. 
C)  extensive range, narrow habitat tolerances, and large local populations. 
D)  restricted range, broad habitat tolerances, and small local populations. 
E)  extensive range, broad habitat tolerances, and small local populations.

Question 9

The tiger beetle Cicindela longilabris inhabits higher latitudes and elevations than other North American tiger beetles; Schultz, Quinlan, and Hadley concluded that all of the following factors contributed to these cooler environmental preferences except

Accepted Answer

A)  higher metabolic rates. 
B)  lower body temperatures. 
C)  increased water proofing. 
D)  both higher metabolic rates and lower body temperatures. 
E)  both higher metabolic rates and increased water proofing. 
A)  higher metabolic rates. 
B)  lower body temperatures. 
C)  increased water proofing. 
D)  both higher metabolic rates and lower body temperatures. 
E)  both higher metabolic rates and increased water proofing.

Question 10

Density is defined as

Accepted Answer

A)  the number of individuals within a population. 
B)  abundance. 
C)  the number of individuals per unit area. 
D)  the distribution of individuals within a given area. 
E)  None of the choices are correct. 
A)  the number of individuals within a population. 
B)  abundance. 
C)  the number of individuals per unit area. 
D)  the distribution of individuals within a given area. 
E)  None of the choices are correct.

Question 11

In a ________ distribution, individuals have a much higher probability of being found in some areas than in others.

Accepted Answer

A)  regular 
B)  clumped 
C)  uniform 
D)  random 
E)  partitioned 
A)  regular 
B)  clumped 
C)  uniform 
D)  random 
E)  partitioned

Question 12

________ is/are defined as a group of potentially breeding organisms within a species in a given space and time.

Accepted Answer

A)  Density 
B)  Populations 
C)  Distribution 
D)  Abundance 
E)  Community 
A)  Density 
B)  Populations 
C)  Distribution 
D)  Abundance 
E)  Community

Question 13

Which statement about organisms' "niches" is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  The niche summarizes environmental factors influencing growth, survival, and reproduction of a species. 
B)  The niche concept was developed by Joseph Grinnell and Charles Elton. 
C)  The "fundamental" niche refers to physical, but not biological, aspects of the environment. 
D)  Interactions such as competition and parasitism may restrict the size of an organism's niche. 
E)  In the laboratory, two species with identical niches are especially easy to maintain in a mixed culture. 
A)  The niche summarizes environmental factors influencing growth, survival, and reproduction of a species. 
B)  The niche concept was developed by Joseph Grinnell and Charles Elton. 
C)  The "fundamental" niche refers to physical, but not biological, aspects of the environment. 
D)  Interactions such as competition and parasitism may restrict the size of an organism's niche. 
E)  In the laboratory, two species with identical niches are especially easy to maintain in a mixed culture.

Question 14

"Rarity II" can be described as

Accepted Answer

A)  restricted range, narrow habitat tolerances, and small local populations. 
B)  restricted range, broad habitat tolerances, and large local populations. 
C)  extensive range, narrow habitat tolerances, and large local populations. 
D)  restricted range, broad habitat tolerances, and small local populations. 
E)  extensive range, broad habitat tolerances, and small local populations. 
A)  restricted range, narrow habitat tolerances, and small local populations. 
B)  restricted range, broad habitat tolerances, and large local populations. 
C)  extensive range, narrow habitat tolerances, and large local populations. 
D)  restricted range, broad habitat tolerances, and small local populations. 
E)  extensive range, broad habitat tolerances, and small local populations.

Question 15

An organism with a narrow habitat tolerance is called a ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of An organism with a narrow habitat tolerance...

Question 16

In general, research indicates that as the average body mass of an organism increases, population density also increases.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

"Rarity I" can be described as

Accepted Answer

A)  restricted range, narrow habitat tolerances, small local populations. 
B)  restricted range, broad habitat tolerances, large local populations. 
C)  extensive range, narrow habitat tolerances, large local populations. 
D)  restricted range, broad habitat tolerances, small local populations. 
E)  extensive range, broad habitat tolerances, small local populations. 
A)  restricted range, narrow habitat tolerances, small local populations. 
B)  restricted range, broad habitat tolerances, large local populations. 
C)  extensive range, narrow habitat tolerances, large local populations. 
D)  restricted range, broad habitat tolerances, small local populations. 
E)  extensive range, broad habitat tolerances, small local populations.

Question 18

Whittaker's research on North American tree distribution examined ________ gradients and concluded that the tree distribution was ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  temperature; random 
B)  temperature; clumped 
C)  moisture; clumped 
D)  moisture; random 
E)  soil; random 
A)  temperature; random 
B)  temperature; clumped 
C)  moisture; clumped 
D)  moisture; random 
E)  soil; random

Question 19

The creosote bush (Larrea tridentata) can have a random, clumped, or regular distribution pattern.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Ehleringer and Clark found that variation in leaf pubescence among plants of the genus Encelia appears to correspond to the distribution of these species along a ________ gradient from the California coast eastward.

Accepted Answer

A)  light intensity 
B)  moisture 
C)  temperature 
D)  both light intensity and moisture 
E)  both moisture and temperature 
A)  light intensity 
B)  moisture 
C)  temperature 
D)  both light intensity and moisture 
E)  both moisture and temperature

Exam 9: Population Distribution and Abundance

Each generation of the gray whales and the monarch butterflies travels from one end of their range to the other.

Caughley's research on the distribution of three different species of Australian kangaroos (Macropus giganteus, M. fuliginosus, and M. rufus) suggests the

In order to determine whether a species is common or rare, ecologists use all of the following criteria except

All seven forms of rarity increase species vulnerability to extinction.

Animals with antagonistic behaviors will most likely be distributed in a ________ pattern.

The ________ defines the physical conditions under which a species might live, in the absence of interaction with other species.

Connell studied the distribution of barnacles Chthamalus stellatus and Balanus balaoides along the coast of Scotland and indicated that, along with the physiology of each barnacle, ________ also played a large role in their distribution pattern.

"Extreme Rarity" can be described as

The tiger beetle Cicindela longilabris inhabits higher latitudes and elevations than other North American tiger beetles; Schultz, Quinlan, and Hadley concluded that all of the following factors contributed to these cooler environmental preferences except

Density is defined as

In a ________ distribution, individuals have a much higher probability of being found in some areas than in others.

________ is/are defined as a group of potentially breeding organisms within a species in a given space and time.

Which statement about organisms' "niches" is false?

"Rarity II" can be described as

An organism with a narrow habitat tolerance is called a ________.

In general, research indicates that as the average body mass of an organism increases, population density also increases.

"Rarity I" can be described as

Whittaker's research on North American tree distribution examined ________ gradients and concluded that the tree distribution was ________.

The creosote bush (Larrea tridentata) can have a random, clumped, or regular distribution pattern.

Ehleringer and Clark found that variation in leaf pubescence among plants of the genus Encelia appears to correspond to the distribution of these species along a ________ gradient from the California coast eastward.

Introduction to Ecology: Historical Foundations and Developing Frontiers

Life on Land

Life in Water

Population Genetics and Natural Selection

Temperature Relations

Water Relations

Energy and Nutrient Relations

Social Relations

Population Dynamics

Population Growth

Life Histories

Competition

Exploitative Interactions: Predation, Herbivory, Parasitism, and Disease

Mutualism

Species Abundance and Diversity

Species Interactions and Community Structure

Primary Production and Energy Flow

Nutrient Cycling and Retention

Succession and Stability

Landscape Ecology

Geographic Ecology

Global Ecology

Filters

Whittaker's research on North American tree distribution examined gradients and concluded that the tree distribution was .