Question 1

Bertschy and Fox (1999) found that adult:juvenile survival ratio decreases with increasing age at maturity.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 2

The number of eggs laid by a female is called her

Accepted Answer

A)  fertility. 
B)  gonadosomatic index. 
C)  growth form. 
D)  rotundity. 
E)  fecundity. 
A)  fertility. 
B)  gonadosomatic index. 
C)  growth form. 
D)  rotundity. 
E)  fecundity. E

Question 3

How is the gonadosomatic index calculated?

Accepted Answer

GSI was taken as the ovary weight of each species divided by the species body weight and adjusted for the number of batches of offspring produced by each species per year.

Question 4

A "forb" is a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  fish species living in the open ocean. 
B)  bird species having offspring independent at a young age. 
C)  plant species with woody tissue. 
D)  grass or sedge. 
E)  herbaceous, but non-graminoid, plant species. 
A)  fish species living in the open ocean. 
B)  bird species having offspring independent at a young age. 
C)  plant species with woody tissue. 
D)  grass or sedge. 
E)  herbaceous, but non-graminoid, plant species.

Question 5

Which of the following are characteristics favored by K-selection?

Accepted Answer

A)  Iteroparity 
B)  Small body size 
C)  Rapid development 
D)  High rmax 
E)  Early reproduction 
A)  Iteroparity 
B)  Small body size 
C)  Rapid development 
D)  High rmax 
E)  Early reproduction

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT true of riparian plant communities?

Accepted Answer

A)  Plant species adapted to frequent disturbance by flooding 
B)  Plant species dependent on flooding often dominant 
C)  Low species diversity, compared to surrounding terrestrial communities 
D)  High population densities, compared to surrounding terrestrial communities 
E)  Seriously impacted by human activities 
A)  Plant species adapted to frequent disturbance by flooding 
B)  Plant species dependent on flooding often dominant 
C)  Low species diversity, compared to surrounding terrestrial communities 
D)  High population densities, compared to surrounding terrestrial communities 
E)  Seriously impacted by human activities

Question 7

Like plants, fish vary in the number and size of offspring they produce, ranging for many small eggs to a few large eggs.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Rates of gene flow can be estimated from similarity in allele frequencies among populations.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Fish, lizards, and snakes experience ________ between mortality and timing of reproduction.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Fish, lizards, and snakes experience ________ between...

Question 10

Which of the following environments for germinating seed is most likely to favor a plant species that makes many small seeds, compared to one that makes fewer larger seeds?

Accepted Answer

A)  Nutrient limitation 
B)  Competition from established plants 
C)  Shade 
D)  Deep burial in soil 
E)  Disturbance 
A)  Nutrient limitation 
B)  Competition from established plants 
C)  Shade 
D)  Deep burial in soil 
E)  Disturbance

Question 11

Which statement about the impact of dams on cottonwood forests is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  Damming reduces growth of established cottonwoods downstream. 
B)  Damming increases mortality of established cottonwoods downstream. 
C)  By reducing flooding downstream, damming improves cottonwood seed germination. 
D)  The timing of water release from a dam can greatly affect cottonwood seed germination. 
E)  Careful management of flow through dams can greatly reduce harmful impacts on cottonwoods downstream. 
A)  Damming reduces growth of established cottonwoods downstream. 
B)  Damming increases mortality of established cottonwoods downstream. 
C)  By reducing flooding downstream, damming improves cottonwood seed germination. 
D)  The timing of water release from a dam can greatly affect cottonwood seed germination. 
E)  Careful management of flow through dams can greatly reduce harmful impacts on cottonwoods downstream.

Question 12

Which of the following influence the number and size of seeds produced by plants?

Accepted Answer

A)  Growth form 
B)  Dispersal mode 
C)  Disturbance intensity 
D)  Both growth form and dispersal mode 
E)  All of the choices are correct. 
A)  Growth form 
B)  Dispersal mode 
C)  Disturbance intensity 
D)  Both growth form and dispersal mode 
E)  All of the choices are correct.

Question 13

Bird species whose offspring are born helpless and depending on parental care are said to be ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Bird species whose offspring are born helpless...

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic favored by K-selection?

Accepted Answer

A)  Low intrinsic rate of increase 
B)  Late reproduction 
C)  Many, small offspring 
D)  Repeated bouts of reproduction 
E)  Strong competitive ability 
A)  Low intrinsic rate of increase 
B)  Late reproduction 
C)  Many, small offspring 
D)  Repeated bouts of reproduction 
E)  Strong competitive ability

Question 15

Which of the following observations can be explained by the energetic limitation of an organism's total reproductive effort?

Accepted Answer

A)  Darter diversity is very high in the Ozark Highlands. 
B)  Darters that lay many eggs lay smaller eggs, on average. 
C)  Seed size in plants varies over at least 10 orders of magnitude. 
D)  Seed size in plants depends in part on the plant's seed dispersal mechanism. 
E)  More than one of the choices. 
A)  Darter diversity is very high in the Ozark Highlands. 
B)  Darters that lay many eggs lay smaller eggs, on average. 
C)  Seed size in plants varies over at least 10 orders of magnitude. 
D)  Seed size in plants depends in part on the plant's seed dispersal mechanism. 
E)  More than one of the choices.

Question 16

A polymorphic locus is one that

Accepted Answer

A)  codes for more than one protein. 
B)  codes for both protein and lipid. 
C)  occurs in a population as more than one allele. 
D)  occurs on more than one chromosome. 
E)  can cause more than one phenotype in an individual, depending on the environment. 
A)  codes for more than one protein. 
B)  codes for both protein and lipid. 
C)  occurs in a population as more than one allele. 
D)  occurs on more than one chromosome. 
E)  can cause more than one phenotype in an individual, depending on the environment.

Question 17

Because natural selection has shaped fish life histories,

Accepted Answer

A)  fish species with high adult mortality tend to mature at a younger age. 
B)  fish species with high adult mortality tend to mature at an older age. 
C)  fish species with high adult mortality tend to invest relatively large amounts of energy in reproduction. 
D)  Both fish species with high adult mortality tend to mature at a younger age and fish species with high adult mortality tend to invest relatively large amounts of energy in reproduction are true. 
E)  Both fish species with high adult mortality tend to mature at an older age and fish species with high adult mortality tend to invest relatively large amounts of energy in reproduction are true. 
A)  fish species with high adult mortality tend to mature at a younger age. 
B)  fish species with high adult mortality tend to mature at an older age. 
C)  fish species with high adult mortality tend to invest relatively large amounts of energy in reproduction. 
D)  Both fish species with high adult mortality tend to mature at a younger age and fish species with high adult mortality tend to invest relatively large amounts of energy in reproduction are true. 
E)  Both fish species with high adult mortality tend to mature at an older age and fish species with high adult mortality tend to invest relatively large amounts of energy in reproduction are true.

Question 18

The "K" in "K-selection" comes from the

Accepted Answer

A)  ecologist who coined it, Astrid Kodric-Brown. 
B)  shape of the age-vs.-mortality-rate plot for K-selected species. 
C)  "K" in the logistic growth equation. 
D)  Greek letter "kappa," symbolizing fecundity. 
E)  None of the choices are correct. 
A)  ecologist who coined it, Astrid Kodric-Brown. 
B)  shape of the age-vs.-mortality-rate plot for K-selected species. 
C)  "K" in the logistic growth equation. 
D)  Greek letter "kappa," symbolizing fecundity. 
E)  None of the choices are correct.

Question 19

Life histories typical of r-selection are most likely to evolve where species populations are near carrying capacity much of the time.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

The principle of allocation states

Accepted Answer

A)  if an organism uses energy for one function it reduces the amount of energy available for other functions. 
B)  organisms have a tendency to select the smallest prey available rather than exert more energy in capturing larger prey. 
C)  organisms that build larger nests produce fewer offspring. 
D)  organisms have a tendency to allocate more time and energy to a single preferred offspring while neglecting others. 
E)  plants allocate their energy such that larger seedlings come from smaller seeds. 
A)  if an organism uses energy for one function it reduces the amount of energy available for other functions. 
B)  organisms have a tendency to select the smallest prey available rather than exert more energy in capturing larger prey. 
C)  organisms that build larger nests produce fewer offspring. 
D)  organisms have a tendency to allocate more time and energy to a single preferred offspring while neglecting others. 
E)  plants allocate their energy such that larger seedlings come from smaller seeds.

Exam 12: Life Histories

Bertschy and Fox (1999) found that adult:juvenile survival ratio decreases with increasing age at maturity.

The number of eggs laid by a female is called her

How is the gonadosomatic index calculated?

A "forb" is a(n)

Which of the following are characteristics favored by K-selection?

Which of the following is NOT true of riparian plant communities?

Like plants, fish vary in the number and size of offspring they produce, ranging for many small eggs to a few large eggs.

Rates of gene flow can be estimated from similarity in allele frequencies among populations.

Fish, lizards, and snakes experience ________ between mortality and timing of reproduction.

Which of the following environments for germinating seed is most likely to favor a plant species that makes many small seeds, compared to one that makes fewer larger seeds?

Which statement about the impact of dams on cottonwood forests is false?

Which of the following influence the number and size of seeds produced by plants?

Bird species whose offspring are born helpless and depending on parental care are said to be ________.

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic favored by K-selection?

Which of the following observations can be explained by the energetic limitation of an organism's total reproductive effort?

A polymorphic locus is one that

Because natural selection has shaped fish life histories,

The "K" in "K-selection" comes from the

Life histories typical of r-selection are most likely to evolve where species populations are near carrying capacity much of the time.

The principle of allocation states

Introduction to Ecology: Historical Foundations and Developing Frontiers

Life on Land

Life in Water

Population Genetics and Natural Selection

Temperature Relations

Water Relations

Energy and Nutrient Relations

Social Relations

Population Distribution and Abundance

Population Dynamics

Population Growth

Competition

Exploitative Interactions: Predation, Herbivory, Parasitism, and Disease

Mutualism

Species Abundance and Diversity

Species Interactions and Community Structure

Primary Production and Energy Flow

Nutrient Cycling and Retention

Succession and Stability

Landscape Ecology

Geographic Ecology

Global Ecology

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