Question 1

Participant assignment procedures affect:

Accepted Answer

A)  internal validity. 
B)  external validity. 
C)  counterbalancing. 
D)  experimental design. 
A)  internal validity. 
B)  external validity. 
C)  counterbalancing. 
D)  experimental design.

Question 2

If every person in the population has an equal chance of being selected for a study, then selection is:

Accepted Answer

A)  random. 
B)  equated. 
C)  counterbalanced. 
D)  proportional. 
A)  random. 
B)  equated. 
C)  counterbalanced. 
D)  proportional.

Question 3

What is the purpose of random sampling? How would you go about random sampling students at your college or university?

Accepted Answer

The purpose of random sampling is to ens

Question 4

Explain why randomization has an advantage over counterbalancing in assignment of subjects to groups.

Accepted Answer

Randomization and counterbalancing are b

Question 5

What does random selection do?

Accepted Answer

A)  increases counterbalancing 
B)  helps to control systematic confounds 
C)  helps to make sure the groups are equated 
D)  increases within-groups variance 
A)  increases counterbalancing 
B)  helps to control systematic confounds 
C)  helps to make sure the groups are equated 
D)  increases within-groups variance

Question 6

A pretest-posttest control group design does not control for:

Accepted Answer

A)  effects of the pretest. 
B)  mortality. 
C)  history. 
D)  maturation. 
A)  effects of the pretest. 
B)  mortality. 
C)  history. 
D)  maturation.

Question 7

If we wish the results of our experiment to generalize, we need to pay special attention to:

Accepted Answer

A)  confounding variables. 
B)  participant assignment. 
C)  participant selection. 
D)  all of these 
A)  confounding variables. 
B)  participant assignment. 
C)  participant selection. 
D)  all of these

Question 8

Random assignment of individuals to groups:

Accepted Answer

A)  nullifies individual differences. 
B)  reduces equating. 
C)  allows the sample to be representative of the population. 
D)  all of these 
A)  nullifies individual differences. 
B)  reduces equating. 
C)  allows the sample to be representative of the population. 
D)  all of these

Question 9

Random assignment is to ____ as random selection is to ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  control, manipulation 
B)  conditions, population 
C)  subject pool, conditions 
D)  order effects, equating 
A)  control, manipulation 
B)  conditions, population 
C)  subject pool, conditions 
D)  order effects, equating

Question 10

Outline the Solomon four-group design, indicating its strengths with respect to the control of confounds.

Accepted Answer

The Solomon four-group design is a resea

Question 11

Before any treatment is introduced, the variation that exists between two groups that are equal is due to:

Accepted Answer

A)  chance. 
B)  the F-ratio. 
C)  the independent variable. 
D)  the dependent variable. 
A)  chance. 
B)  the F-ratio. 
C)  the independent variable. 
D)  the dependent variable.

Question 12

Control in an experiment can be achieved through:

Accepted Answer

A)  random assignment of participants to groups. 
B)  experimental design. 
C)  logic. 
D)  all of these 
A)  random assignment of participants to groups. 
B)  experimental design. 
C)  logic. 
D)  all of these

Question 13

What is a true experiment according to Campbell and Stanley?

Accepted Answer

A true experiment, as defined by Donald

Question 14

If individuals are assigned to experimental conditions such that each condition appears equally often and each conditions precedes and follows other conditions equally often, then participant assignment has been:

Accepted Answer

A)  random. 
B)  equated. 
C)  counterbalanced. 
D)  proportional. 
A)  random. 
B)  equated. 
C)  counterbalanced. 
D)  proportional.

Question 15

The following experiment illustrates what design?

Accepted Answer

A)  factorial design 
B)  pretest-only control group design 
C)  posttest-only control group design 
D)  pretest-posttest control group design 
A)  factorial design 
B)  pretest-only control group design 
C)  posttest-only control group design 
D)  pretest-posttest control group design

Question 16

Experimental design must allow for two functions. What are these functions and how can the design help the researcher achieve them?

Accepted Answer

The two functions that an experimental d

Question 17

You are analyzing a journal article that used the Solomon four-group design. You've identified the following groups:   What would the fourth group look like?

Accepted Answer

A)  I 
B)  II 
C)  III 
D)  IV 
A)  I 
B)  II 
C)  III 
D)  IV

Question 18

Why is the interpretation of experimental results "easy" if control is achieved by random selection, random assignment, and consistent treatment of subjects?

Accepted Answer

The interpretation of experimental resul

Question 19

In an experiment, the researcher was unintentionally talkative to one of the participant groups. What best describes the threat to internal validity and why is it a threat?

Accepted Answer

A)  Randomness, since being talkative can make this particular group more relaxed and better able to perform. 
B)  Participant-maturation interaction, since being friendly to one group can introduce a confound. 
C)  History, since this unintended interaction was not part of the independent variable, a confound was introduced. 
D)  Testing, since the other group might feel cheated for being treated more formally by the researcher, and this introduces counterbalancing. 
A)  Randomness, since being talkative can make this particular group more relaxed and better able to perform. 
B)  Participant-maturation interaction, since being friendly to one group can introduce a confound. 
C)  History, since this unintended interaction was not part of the independent variable, a confound was introduced. 
D)  Testing, since the other group might feel cheated for being treated more formally by the researcher, and this introduces counterbalancing.

Question 20

Assigning equal numbers of men and women to each experimental condition is an example of:

Accepted Answer

A)  random assignment. 
B)  counterbalancing. 
C)  proportional assignment. 
D)  an equating procedure. 
A)  random assignment. 
B)  counterbalancing. 
C)  proportional assignment. 
D)  an equating procedure.

Participant assignment procedures affect:

If every person in the population has an equal chance of being selected for a study, then selection is:

What is the purpose of random sampling? How would you go about random sampling students at your college or university?

Explain why randomization has an advantage over counterbalancing in assignment of subjects to groups.

What does random selection do?

A pretest-posttest control group design does not control for:

If we wish the results of our experiment to generalize, we need to pay special attention to:

Random assignment of individuals to groups:

Random assignment is to as random selection is to .

Outline the Solomon four-group design, indicating its strengths with respect to the control of confounds.

Before any treatment is introduced, the variation that exists between two groups that are equal is due to:

Control in an experiment can be achieved through:

What is a true experiment according to Campbell and Stanley?

If individuals are assigned to experimental conditions such that each condition appears equally often and each conditions precedes and follows other conditions equally often, then participant assignment has been:

The following experiment illustrates what design?

Experimental design must allow for two functions. What are these functions and how can the design help the researcher achieve them?

You are analyzing a journal article that used the Solomon four-group design. You've identified the following groups: What would the fourth group look like?

Why is the interpretation of experimental results "easy" if control is achieved by random selection, random assignment, and consistent treatment of subjects?

In an experiment, the researcher was unintentionally talkative to one of the participant groups. What best describes the threat to internal validity and why is it a threat?

Assigning equal numbers of men and women to each experimental condition is an example of:

Applying Psychology to Teaching

Stage Theories of Development

Age-Level Characteristics

Understanding Student Differences

Addressing Cultural and Socioeconomic Diversity

Accommodating Student Variability

Behavioral and Social Learning Theories

Constructivist Learning Theory, Problem Solving, and Transfer

Approaches to Instruction

Motivation

Classroom Management

Assessment of Classroom Learning

Understanding and Using Standardized Tests

Becoming a Better Teacher by Becoming a Reflective Teacher

Becoming a Better Teacher by Becoming a Reflective Teacher

Filters

Exam 8: Information-Processing Theory

Participant assignment procedures affect:

If every person in the population has an equal chance of being selected for a study, then selection is:

What is the purpose of random sampling? How would you go about random sampling students at your college or university?

Explain why randomization has an advantage over counterbalancing in assignment of subjects to groups.

What does random selection do?

A pretest-posttest control group design does not control for:

If we wish the results of our experiment to generalize, we need to pay special attention to:

Random assignment of individuals to groups:

Random assignment is to ____ as random selection is to ____.

Outline the Solomon four-group design, indicating its strengths with respect to the control of confounds.

Before any treatment is introduced, the variation that exists between two groups that are equal is due to:

Control in an experiment can be achieved through:

What is a true experiment according to Campbell and Stanley?

If individuals are assigned to experimental conditions such that each condition appears equally often and each conditions precedes and follows other conditions equally often, then participant assignment has been:

The following experiment illustrates what design?

Experimental design must allow for two functions. What are these functions and how can the design help the researcher achieve them?

You are analyzing a journal article that used the Solomon four-group design. You've identified the following groups: What would the fourth group look like?

Why is the interpretation of experimental results "easy" if control is achieved by random selection, random assignment, and consistent treatment of subjects?

In an experiment, the researcher was unintentionally talkative to one of the participant groups. What best describes the threat to internal validity and why is it a threat?

Assigning equal numbers of men and women to each experimental condition is an example of:

Applying Psychology to Teaching

Stage Theories of Development

Age-Level Characteristics

Understanding Student Differences

Addressing Cultural and Socioeconomic Diversity

Accommodating Student Variability

Behavioral and Social Learning Theories

Constructivist Learning Theory, Problem Solving, and Transfer

Approaches to Instruction

Motivation

Classroom Management

Assessment of Classroom Learning

Understanding and Using Standardized Tests

Becoming a Better Teacher by Becoming a Reflective Teacher

Becoming a Better Teacher by Becoming a Reflective Teacher

Filters

Random assignment is to as random selection is to .