Exam 2: Stage Theories of Development

In the ____ approach, individuals are videotaped discussing a particular topic. They then watch the video separately and comment on how they thought or felt during specific segments.

A scientist will evaluate a hypothesis by using:

An experiment is internally valid if:

If we were to find that the correlation between eating high-fat food and heart attack was positive, we would conclude that:

For each of the following hypotheses, identify the independent and dependent variables:

In naturalistic observation, the experimenter ____, whereas in the experimental method, the experimenter ____.

Eye color and intelligence are ____ correlated.

Behavior is to experience as ____ is to ____.

What are the limitations of the naturalistic observation and correlational approaches?

Confounding variables are:

The independent variable is:

Consider this: As the price of gasoline drops, people drive more miles. What type of correlation does this describe?

Describe an operational definition for the following variables:

The dependent variable is:

In naturalistic observation, the participant ____, whereas in the experimental method, the participant ____.

In the experimental method, what is the principal reason for using a control group? How does the control group differ from the experimental group?

What role does empiricism play in the methods of science?

The example presented in the chapter regarding negative reinforcement reveals the importance of:

____ is the process by which we examine evidence and then use reason to reach a conclusion.

Naturalistic observation tends to be: