Exam 11: One-Way Analysis of Variance Anova

Michelle conducts a one-way ANOVA comparing six groups, each of which consists of 4 participants (N = 4). In evaluating the F-ratio for this analysis, what is the critical value for α = .05?

A researcher hypothesizes that freshmen spend more time studying than sophomores, who spend more time studying than juniors, who spend more time studying than seniors. In conducting a one-way ANOVA with this data, how could the null hypothesis (H₀) be stated?

Familywise error is the probability of making at least one type I error across a set of comparisons.

As there is a growing concern about alcohol-related problems on college campuses, a team of researchers was interested in studying students' perceptions about alcohol consumption-more specifically, in how students define a "drink" (White et al, 2004). These researchers were interested in seeing whether the size of a cup influences how much beer students will pour into the cup. In their study students poured what they believed were 12 ounces of beer into one of three cups of different sizes (16, 24, or 32 ounces). They hypothesized that the larger the cup, the more beer students would pour. The results of their analyses are presented below: You decide to conduct the analytical comparison of 16 oz vs. 24 oz. Which of the following is the appropriate critical value for this analytical comparison?

Sarah conducts a one-way ANOVA comparing four groups, each of which consists of 6 participants (N = 6). In evaluating the F-ratio for this analysis, what is the critical value for α = .05?

A researcher hypothesizes that Democrats and Independents are equally in favor of gun control, and both are more in favor of gun control than Republicans. In conducting a one-way ANOVA with these three groups, how should the alternative hypothesis (H₁) be stated?

A researcher conducts a one-way ANOVA comparing four groups, each of which consists of 20 participants (N = 20). In evaluating the F-ratio for this analysis, what is the critical value for α = .05?

A researcher collects data from five groups and eventually calculates a value of 16.95 for MSBG. What is the value for SSBG?

A researcher who plans on making only simple comparisons would use the ______, whereas a researcher who plans on making both simple and complex comparisons would use the ______.

______ are analytical comparisons researchers build into the research design prior to the data collection process.

In calculating analytical comparisons, MSWG is used as the estimate of error primarily because ______.

What is an effective way of learning a complicated game such as chess? One recent study (de Bruin et al., 2007) had people learn using one of three methods: watching people play the game (the Watching condition), watching and making predictions regarding what moves each player would do (the Predicting condition), or watching and making predictions regarding what moves each player would do and explaining the reason for their prediction (the Explaining condition). Later, each person played a series of games of chess against a computer and the percentage of time each person made correct moves was recorded; the higher the percentage, the better the player's ability to play chess. The researchers hypothesized that players who had to explain their predictions would have a higher ability than people who simply made predictions, who in turn would have a higher ability than those who simply watched others. You decide to conduct the analytical comparison of Watching vs. Predicting. Which of the following is the appropriate critical value for this analytical comparison?

When faced with a situation that involves comparing each group in a research study with a single reference group, which method for controlling familywise error would be most appropriate?

Instead of being a bell-curve shape, the F-ratio distribution is ______.

One part of raising children is having to discipline them. Hoffman (1963) described three common discipline methods used by parents: power assertion (use of punishment, force, taking away of privileges or possessions), love withdrawal (ignoring or refusing to speak to the child, explicitly stating a dislike for the child), and induction (reasoning with the child, communicating standards of behavior). Barnett, Quackenbush, and Sinisi (1996) noted that little attention had been given to children's preferences for these different methods. From reviewing the literature, they hypothesized children express a greater preference for induction than power assertion, which in turn is preferred over love withdrawal. They collected data from a sample of middle school students. Each student watched a videotape of a parent disciplining a child using one of the three forms of discipline. After viewing the videotape, each student rated the effectiveness of the discipline on a 1 to 5 scale, where 1 = "Not at all effective" and 5 = "Very effective". The results of their analyses are presented below: You decide to conduct the analytical comparison of Induction vs. Power assertion. Which of the following is the appropriate critical value for this analytical comparison?

When researchers have a plan regarding the comparisons between groups needed to test their research hypotheses, these comparisons are known as ______.

Setting the probability of familywise error is the first step when making a decision about the null hypothesis using the Tukey test.