Exam 11: One-Way Analysis of Variance Anova

One part of raising children is having to discipline them. Hoffman (1963) described three common discipline methods used by parents: power assertion (use of punishment, force, taking away of privileges or possessions), love withdrawal (ignoring or refusing to speak to the child, explicitly stating a dislike for the child), and induction (reasoning with the child, communicating standards of behavior). Barnett, Quackenbush, and Sinisi (1996) noted that little attention had been given to children's preferences for these different methods. From reviewing the literature, they hypothesized children express a greater preference for induction than power assertion, which in turn is preferred over love withdrawal. They collected data from a sample of middle school students. Each student watched a videotape of a parent disciplining a child using one of the three forms of discipline. After viewing the videotape, each student rated the effectiveness of the discipline on a 1 to 5 scale, where 1 = "Not at all effective" and 5 = "Very effective". The results of their analyses are presented below: You decide to conduct the analytical comparison of Induction vs. Power assertion. Based on your calculations, which of the following represents the decision regarding the null hypothesis?

One part of raising children is having to discipline them. Hoffman (1963) described three common discipline methods used by parents: power assertion (use of punishment, force, taking away of privileges or possessions), love withdrawal (ignoring or refusing to speak to the child, explicitly stating a dislike for the child), and induction (reasoning with the child, communicating standards of behavior). Barnett, Quackenbush, and Sinisi (1996) noted that little attention had been given to children's preferences for these different methods. From reviewing the literature, they hypothesized children express a greater preference for induction than power assertion, which in turn is preferred over love withdrawal. They collected data from a sample of middle school students. Each student watched a videotape of a parent disciplining a child using one of the three forms of discipline. After viewing the videotape, each student rated the effectiveness of the discipline on a 1 to 5 scale, where 1 = "Not at all effective" and 5 = "Very effective". The results of their analyses are presented below: You decide to conduct the analytical comparison of Induction vs. Power assertion. In conducting this analytical comparison, how should the null and alternative hypotheses be stated?

The Dunnett test is a statistical procedure used to control familywise error in situations in which a researcher compares each group with each of the other groups.

______ is the probability of making at least one Type I error across a set of comparisons.

Which type of analytic comparisons is made in the absence of a specific hypothesis regarding which groups should be included?

A one-way ANOVA is conducted comparing 6 groups, each with 10 participants. For this sample the dfBG _is ______ and the dfWG is ______ with a total sample size of ______.

The ______ of the formula for the F-ratio concerns ______ and involves group ______.

What is an effective way of learning a complicated game such as chess? One recent study (de Bruin et al, 2007) had people learn using one of three methods: watching people play the game (the Watching condition), watching and making predictions regarding what moves each player would do (the Predicting condition), or watching and making predictions regarding what moves each player would do and explaining the reason for their prediction (the Explaining condition). Later, each person played a series of games of chess against a computer and the percentage of time each person made correct moves was recorded; the higher the percentage, the better the player's ability to play chess. The researchers hypothesized that players who had to explain their predictions would have a higher ability than people who simply made predictions, who in turn would have a higher ability than those who simply watched others. You decide to conduct the analytical comparison of Watching vs. Predicting. In conducting this analytical comparison, how should the null and alternative hypotheses be stated?

The shape of the theoretical distribution of F-ratios is ______.

Fred conducts a one-way ANOVA comparing five groups, each of which consists of 5 participants (N = 5). In evaluating the F-ratio for this analysis, what is the critical value for α = .05?

Barney conducts a one-way ANOVA comparing the means of six groups, each of which consists of 4 scores (N = 4). In this situation, what is dfBG?

If an F ratio is ______ the critical value, I will ______ the null hypothesis and conclude that ______.

The likelihood of familywise error increases as ______.

A researcher collects data from four groups and eventually calculates a value of 2.79 for MSBG. What is the value for SSBG?

______ is defined as a statistical procedure used to control familywise error in situations in which a researcher conducts all possible simple and complex comparisons in a set of data.

A researcher hypothesizes Republicans are more opposed to abortion than Moderates, who in turn are more opposed than Democrats. In conducting a one-way ANOVA with these three groups, how should the alternative hypothesis (H₁) be stated?

A researcher who plans on making both simple and complex comparisons would use the ______, whereas a researcher who plans on making only simple comparisons would use the ______.

The degrees of freedom ______ indicates ______.

A research study hypothesized that people who drive hybrid cars are less likely to smoke than people who drive minivans or SUVs (who do not differ from each other). In conducting a one-way ANOVA with this data, how could the null hypothesis (H₀) be stated?

A study reports the F-ratio F(3,24) = 3.91. The TOTAL sample size (combining the different groups) is ______.