Exam 8: How Learning Shapes Behavior

Stopping bad behavior by taking away something good involves the application of __________.

Reversing conditioning to eliminate the conditioned response is referred to as __________.

Ben doesn't believe in luck. He thinks that everything that happens to him in life is a result of choices he made and actions he took. Ben exemplifies a(n) __________.

Lila doesn't like her personality psychology class because the instructor uses unannounced pop exams to test the students. As a result, Lila never knows when she will be tested. Her instructor is testing her on a __________ schedule.

Give an example of positive reinforcement.

How does behavior modification work for addictions, such as an addiction to alcohol?

Jake has had problems with alcohol abuse. He is in a program in which he takes a drug that will make him nauseous whenever he drinks alcohol. Jake is taking part in __________.

Todd is prone to negative self-talk, always putting himself down. Which of the following would be the most helpful line he could say to himself to correct this tendency should something not go his way?

__________ involves administering something aversive after an unwanted behavior occurs.

Hailey's second-grade teacher rewards the kids in the class by giving them blue cards every time they are caught "doing something good." Hailey needs just three more cards before she can go to the treasure box to choose a prize. Hailey's teacher is using what kind of system in her class?

Diego is afraid of caterpillars. He won't even watch a nature show on TV about them. When he sees a picture of a caterpillar, he has a panic attack, but when he avoids looking at the image, his panic goes away. Diego's avoidance of caterpillars is being __________.

Narrowing the conditions that produce a conditioned response is known as __________.

People with a(n) __________ believe that they can control a situation, their own rewards, and, therefore, their own fate.

A dog that eats canned food typically comes running to its owner when it hears the can being opened. The sound of the can opener in this instance is the __________.

In which partial reinforcement schedule is a reward given out after a random amount of time has passed?

A __________ is a program in which good behavior is rewarded with vouchers that can be exchanged for privileges.

The basis of __________ conditioning is associating things that are not normally associated with each other.

One of the best therapies for depression is called behavioral __________.

Who came up with a theory of personality that argues that a personality arises from the environment's effect on behavior, behavior's effect on the environment, and the way people process their experiences?

Mitch cleans his room. His mom gives him a dollar so that he can buy a treat from the corner store. This is an example of __________.