Exam 8: How Learning Shapes Behavior

Melissa believes she can accomplish anything she wants to do in life. Ty believes life is a matter of chance and that people have little control for better or worse. Which of the following statements is likely to be true based on this information?

At the National Zoological Park in Washington, D.C., a polar bear suffered a broken tooth, and keepers needed a safe way of treating the problem. The bear was rewarded first for sticking its nose through a slot in the cage door, then for allowing a keeper to lift its lip and touch its teeth. Finally, a veterinarian was able to treat the damaged tooth while the bear waited placidly for its familiar reward. This is an example of _______.

Servers in restaurants typically get paid an hourly wage (from the company) plus tips (from various customers). This type of compensation plan would be a combination of __________.

F. Skinner's classic experiments with animals relied on __________.

Gregory has an extreme fear of frogs. What are some classical conditioning techniques that may help Gregory with his fear?

Trish's parents give her money for taking out the trash every once in a while. Trish can never predict exactly when she will get paid. What reinforcement schedule is this?

A bidirectional relationship exists between personality, behavior, and the environment. This relationship is called __________ .

Nine-year-old Stephanie is helping her family get ready for a Thanksgiving by polishing the good silverware. If her mother gives Stephanie a quarter for every three pieces she polishes, what kind of reinforcement schedule is her mother using?

In the famous Bobo doll experiments, which children were more likely to copy the adult woman's actions?

In Felicia's first-grade class, the children receive buttons every time they behave well. At the end of the week, the children can trade in the buttons for small prizes. This is an example of __________.

Extinction, in the context of classical conditioning, means the __________.

__________ is relearning a conditioned response.

Craig was stung by a jellyfish when he was little. Now Craig has a fear of all fish, as well as the ocean. Craig's fear has __________.

The therapy in which depressed people are encouraged to do specific things that will lead to rewards based on values that are important to them is known as __________.

Bandura's theory that a person's behavior causes the environment as well as the environment causing behavior is called __________.

Which of the following statements regarding socialization is true?

Terence and Alisha often look to their parents for how to behave in certain situations. This is known as __________.

What is the most effective method for shaping behavior?

Which situation involves positive punishment through the use of natural consequences?

Darla recently moved into a new apartment and discovered that she could hear the people above her walking around all day long. At first this drove her crazy, but now she rarely notices it. This is called __________.