Exam 48: The Immune System in Animals

If you were developing artificial B- cell receptors BCRs) based on the natural version and wanted to change the BCRs' ability to bind certain antigens, which region of the natural receptor would you alter?

What do neutrophils and macrophages have in common?

You and a friend are in line for a movie when you notice the woman in front of you sneezing and coughing. Both of you have been equally exposed to the woman's virus, but over the next few days, only your friend acquires flu- like symptoms and is ill for almost a week before recovering. Which one of the following is a logical explanation for this?

A certain cell type has existed in the blood and tissue of its vertebrate host's immune system for over 20 years. One day, it recognizes a newly arrived antigen and binds to it, subsequently triggering a secondary immune response in the body. Which of the following cell types most accurately describes this cell?

Which of the following best describes what an antigen is?

It is commonly know that breast milk provides many benefits to a newborn baby because it provides immune benefits. Which of the following immunoglobulins play a role in this?

Mast cells can both constrict and dilate blood vessels after injury. Which of the following best explains why both of these events occur shortly after tissue is injured?

Differences in the B- cell receptors of two different B cells are due to

What major advantage is conveyed by having a system of acquired immunity?

Which of the following statements are fundamental to the clonal- selection theory of how the adaptive immune system functions? I. Each mature lymphocyte has a unique membrane receptor that recognizes one antigen. II. When the lymphocyte binds an antigen, the lymphocyte is activated and begins dividing to form many ident copies of itself. III. Cloned lymphocytes have slight differences and are selected by the spleen for removal if they do not bind an antigen. IV. Cloned cells descend from an activated lymphocyte and persist even after the pathogen is eliminated.

Mucous occurs in both the respiratory and digestive tracts. What is its main immunological function?

If a patient is missing B and T cells, what would be absent from the immune response?

What is the difference between a secondary immune response occurring without a vaccine compared to the same response occurring after a vaccine?

You cut your finger, and after putting pressure on the wound for several minutes, you notice that it is still bleeding profusely. What may be the problem?

Which of the following is true of the humoral immune response and NOT true of the cell- mediated immune response?

A small child falls down and cuts his knee. A few days later a scab forms over the wound. After a few weeks, the wound does not appear to be healing, but it is not infected. Which of the following could explain this?

Lymphocytes are formed in what organs)?

Which of the following is a difference between Class I and Class II major histocompatibility complex MHC) proteins?