Question 1

Figure 49.1
-In Figure 49.1, which number would designate the biome with the highest variation in annual temperature?

Accepted Answer

A)  1 
B)  2 
C)  3 
D)  4 
A)  1 
B)  2 
C)  3 
D)  4 D

Question 2

Use the following abstract from the International Journal of Climatology to answer the corresponding questions).
Abstract:
The rainfall associated with the Indian summer monsoon shows large intraseasonal and interannual viability. Break- monsoo conditions are one of the important epochs of the monsoon, and they contribute significantly to the intraseasonal variability of the monsoon. The National Centers for Environmental Prediction- National Center for Atmospheric Research reanalysis data sets are used to investigate the significant energy budget terms during the pre- break 5 days prior to the commencement of the break), break and post- break 5 days after the cessation of the break) periods. In the present study, certain dynamic and thermodynamic characteristics of the monsoon circulation during break- monsoon conditions are investigated. The important terms in the various energy budget equations are analysed between the surface and 100 hPa for the break and its departures from pre- and post- break for the period 1968- 96. The statistical significance of these departures is also examined by Student's t- test at the 95% confidence level. The volume integral of the budget terms is also examined in four sectors, i.e. the Arabian Sea, Bay of Bengal, northern India and central India. Significant changes in the wind field and vorticity at 850 hPa take place in the monsoon trough zone, coastal regions of the western coast of India and the southwestern Bay of Bengal of the southern Indian coast. The vertically upward rising arm of the Hadley cell weakens during the break phase. The strong flux convergence of kinetic energy in the central Arabian Sea and flux divergence in the northeastern Bay of Bengal weakens during pre- and post- break periods. Significant changes in the diabatic heating horizontal flux of heat and moisture are observed in the monsoon trough zone, central and northwestern Bay of Bengal. The Bay of Bengal and central India sectors show higher magnitudes and changes in respect of dynamic and thermodynamic parameters compared with the Arabian Sea and northern India. 
-On Earth, the general trend is that with decreasing latitude and increased solar radiation, there is produced by photosynthesis by plants, etc).

Accepted Answer

A)  an increase in biodiversity because of increased biomass food) 
B)  an increase in biodiversity because of increased oxygen supplies 
C)  a decrease in biodiversity because of increased oxygen supplies 
D)  a decrease in biodiversity because of increased biomass food) 
A)  an increase in biodiversity because of increased biomass food) 
B)  an increase in biodiversity because of increased oxygen supplies 
C)  a decrease in biodiversity because of increased oxygen supplies 
D)  a decrease in biodiversity because of increased biomass food) A

Question 3

As climate changes because of global warming, plant species' ranges in the Northern Hemisphere may move northward. The trees that are most likely to avoid extinction in such an environment are those that

Accepted Answer

A)  have seeds that become viable only after a forest fire. 
B)  have seeds that are easily dispersed by wind or animals. 
C)  produce well- provisioned seeds. 
D)  have thin seed coats. 
E)  disperse many seeds in close proximity to the parent tree. 
A)  have seeds that become viable only after a forest fire. 
B)  have seeds that are easily dispersed by wind or animals. 
C)  produce well- provisioned seeds. 
D)  have thin seed coats. 
E)  disperse many seeds in close proximity to the parent tree. B

Question 4

Which of the following correctly describes light in aquatic environments?

Accepted Answer

A)  Light penetration seldom limits the distribution of photosynthetic species. 
B)  Most photosynthetic organisms avoid the surface where the light is too intense. 
C)  Longer wavelengths penetrate to greater depths. 
D)  Photosynthetic organisms that live in deep water probably use red light. 
E)  Water selectively reflects and absorbs certain wavelengths of light. 
A)  Light penetration seldom limits the distribution of photosynthetic species. 
B)  Most photosynthetic organisms avoid the surface where the light is too intense. 
C)  Longer wavelengths penetrate to greater depths. 
D)  Photosynthetic organisms that live in deep water probably use red light. 
E)  Water selectively reflects and absorbs certain wavelengths of light.

Question 5

Figure 49.2
-Based on the data in Figure 49.2, which of the following statements is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Area 1 could be called a tropical wet forest. 
B)  Area 2 could be called a temperate grassland. 
C)  Area 2 could be tundra. 
D)  Area 1 could be called a boreal forest. 
A)  Area 1 could be called a tropical wet forest. 
B)  Area 2 could be called a temperate grassland. 
C)  Area 2 could be tundra. 
D)  Area 1 could be called a boreal forest.

Question 6

The specific abiotic factors defining a biome are

Accepted Answer

A)  maximum annual temperatures, moisture levels, and average annual temperature. 
B)  average annual temperature and moisture levels. 
C)  average annual temperature, moisture levels, and annual variation in temperature and precipitation. 
D)  maximum annual temperature and moisture levels. 
E)  annual variation in temperature and precipitation. 
A)  maximum annual temperatures, moisture levels, and average annual temperature. 
B)  average annual temperature and moisture levels. 
C)  average annual temperature, moisture levels, and annual variation in temperature and precipitation. 
D)  maximum annual temperature and moisture levels. 
E)  annual variation in temperature and precipitation.

Question 7

You are measuring the effect of increased sunlight on a tropical wet forest biome. Which of the following would you measure?

Accepted Answer

A)  NPP as it indicates the biomass available for other organisms to use. 
B)  Species diversity as it indicates the number of species present and their relative numbers. 
C)  The number of parasites in the area as it indicates the health of the biome. 
D)  All of A, B, and C. 
E)  Both A and B. 
A)  NPP as it indicates the biomass available for other organisms to use. 
B)  Species diversity as it indicates the number of species present and their relative numbers. 
C)  The number of parasites in the area as it indicates the health of the biome. 
D)  All of A, B, and C. 
E)  Both A and B.

Question 8

A fish swimming into an estuary from a river would have which of the following as its greatest physiological challenge?

Accepted Answer

A)  The low oxygen content would give the fish difficulty in swimming aerobically. 
B)  The high water flow would make the fish expend more energy. 
C)  The change in water solute content would challenge the osmotic balance of the fish. 
D)  The temperature change would stress the fish by denaturing its proteins. 
A)  The low oxygen content would give the fish difficulty in swimming aerobically. 
B)  The high water flow would make the fish expend more energy. 
C)  The change in water solute content would challenge the osmotic balance of the fish. 
D)  The temperature change would stress the fish by denaturing its proteins.

Question 9

What is the main reason that climatic conditions on Mercury differ from those on Earth?

Accepted Answer

A)  existence of an atmosphere 
B)  existence of plant life 
C)  average distance from the Sun 
D)  planet size 
A)  existence of an atmosphere 
B)  existence of plant life 
C)  average distance from the Sun 
D)  planet size

Question 10

A fish species known for its success in the aphotic zone would likely NOT have which of the following characteristics?

Accepted Answer

A)  highly developed chemoreception 
B)  adaptations for sit- and- wait predation 
C)  symbioses with photosynthetic organisms 
D)  adaptations for burrowing 
A)  highly developed chemoreception 
B)  adaptations for sit- and- wait predation 
C)  symbioses with photosynthetic organisms 
D)  adaptations for burrowing

Question 11

A fish swimming into a bog environment in Ontario would likely have which of the following as its greatest physiological challenge?

Accepted Answer

A)  The high water flow would make the fish expend more energy. 
B)  The high temperature would stress the fish by denaturing its proteins. 
C)  The low nitrogen content would make it difficult for the fish to synthesize proteins. 
D)  The low oxygen content would make it difficult for the fish to swim aerobically. 
A)  The high water flow would make the fish expend more energy. 
B)  The high temperature would stress the fish by denaturing its proteins. 
C)  The low nitrogen content would make it difficult for the fish to synthesize proteins. 
D)  The low oxygen content would make it difficult for the fish to swim aerobically.

Question 12

What is the main reason that polar regions are cooler than the equator?

Accepted Answer

A)  The poles are permanently tilted away from the Sun. 
B)  There is more ice at the poles. 
C)  The poles are farther from the Sun. 
D)  The polar atmosphere is thinner and contains fewer greenhouse gases. 
E)  Sunlight strikes the poles at a lower angle. 
A)  The poles are permanently tilted away from the Sun. 
B)  There is more ice at the poles. 
C)  The poles are farther from the Sun. 
D)  The polar atmosphere is thinner and contains fewer greenhouse gases. 
E)  Sunlight strikes the poles at a lower angle.

Question 13

If the Earth were to reorient such that the North Pole always received direct sunlight always faced the Sun), how would that change Earth's climate?

Accepted Answer

A)  The South Pole would get colder. 
B)  The equators would not change in climate. 
C)  The North Pole would get more wind. 
D)  The equators would get warmer. 
A)  The South Pole would get colder. 
B)  The equators would not change in climate. 
C)  The North Pole would get more wind. 
D)  The equators would get warmer.

Question 14

Every place on Earth receives the same number of hours of sunlight each year-an average of 12 hours per day. Why do different areas of the Earth receive different amounts of solar radiation?

Accepted Answer

A)  The height of the place above sea level is an important determinant of the amount of solar energy received. 
B)  The density of the vegetation affects how much solar radiation a place will receive-the more grassland, the less solar radiation. 
C)  The angle of the sunlight is an important determinant of the amount of solar energy received. 
D)  The density of the vegetation affects how much solar radiation a place will receive-the more tall trees, the less solar radiation. 
E)  Because of the curvature of the Earth, winds of the upper stratosphere can blow solar radiation away from an area before it reaches the ground. 
A)  The height of the place above sea level is an important determinant of the amount of solar energy received. 
B)  The density of the vegetation affects how much solar radiation a place will receive-the more grassland, the less solar radiation. 
C)  The angle of the sunlight is an important determinant of the amount of solar energy received. 
D)  The density of the vegetation affects how much solar radiation a place will receive-the more tall trees, the less solar radiation. 
E)  Because of the curvature of the Earth, winds of the upper stratosphere can blow solar radiation away from an area before it reaches the ground.

Question 15

S1U1P1 S1S1P0
   S1U1P1 S1S1P0
S1U1P1 S1S1P0
S1U1P1 S1S1P0
   Figure 49.3
-Based on the data in the figure above, which of the following statements is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  Area 2 has a smaller annual temperature variation compared to area 1. 
B)  Area 1 has more average precipitation than area 2. 
C)  Both areas have variation in monthly precipitation. 
D)  Area 1 has a higher average temperature than area 2. 
A)  Area 2 has a smaller annual temperature variation compared to area 1. 
B)  Area 1 has more average precipitation than area 2. 
C)  Both areas have variation in monthly precipitation. 
D)  Area 1 has a higher average temperature than area 2.

Question 16

In which terrestrial area is global warming most likely to allow coniferous trees to encroach?

Accepted Answer

A)  boreal forests 
B)  arctic tundra 
C)  tropical wet forests 
D)  temperate forests 
A)  boreal forests 
B)  arctic tundra 
C)  tropical wet forests 
D)  temperate forests

Question 17

Which of the following statements regarding turnover is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  In fall turnover, dense water at 4°C sinks and disturbs sediments in the benthic zone. 
B)  The surface water gets to 4°C only by cooling. 
C)  Fall turnovers and spring turnovers are exactly the same. 
D)  In fall turnover, dense water at 4°C rises and disturbs sediments in the benthic zone. 
A)  In fall turnover, dense water at 4°C sinks and disturbs sediments in the benthic zone. 
B)  The surface water gets to 4°C only by cooling. 
C)  Fall turnovers and spring turnovers are exactly the same. 
D)  In fall turnover, dense water at 4°C rises and disturbs sediments in the benthic zone.

Question 18

Which level of ecological study focuses the most on abiotic factors?

Accepted Answer

A)  speciation ecology 
B)  ecosystem ecology 
C)  community ecology 
D)  population ecology 
A)  speciation ecology 
B)  ecosystem ecology 
C)  community ecology 
D)  population ecology

Question 19

What is the main difference between climate and weather?

Accepted Answer

A)  Climate typically describes longer- term conditions. 
B)  Climate typically describes shorter- term conditions. 
C)  Weather typically describes a larger area than climate. 
D)  Weather includes temperature and climate does not. 
A)  Climate typically describes longer- term conditions. 
B)  Climate typically describes shorter- term conditions. 
C)  Weather typically describes a larger area than climate. 
D)  Weather includes temperature and climate does not.

Question 20

What would happen to the seasons if the Earth were tilted 35 degrees off its orbital plane instead of the usual
23)5 degrees?

Accepted Answer

A)  The seasons would disappear. 
B)  The seasons would be shorter. 
C)  Winters and summers would be more severe. 
D)  Winters and summers would be less severe. 
A)  The seasons would disappear. 
B)  The seasons would be shorter. 
C)  Winters and summers would be more severe. 
D)  Winters and summers would be less severe.

Exam 49: An Introduction to Ecology

Figure 49.1 -In Figure 49.1, which number would designate the biome with the highest variation in annual temperature?

As climate changes because of global warming, plant species' ranges in the Northern Hemisphere may move northward. The trees that are most likely to avoid extinction in such an environment are those that

Which of the following correctly describes light in aquatic environments?

Figure 49.2 -Based on the data in Figure 49.2, which of the following statements is true?

The specific abiotic factors defining a biome are

You are measuring the effect of increased sunlight on a tropical wet forest biome. Which of the following would you measure?

A fish swimming into an estuary from a river would have which of the following as its greatest physiological challenge?

What is the main reason that climatic conditions on Mercury differ from those on Earth?

A fish species known for its success in the aphotic zone would likely NOT have which of the following characteristics?

A fish swimming into a bog environment in Ontario would likely have which of the following as its greatest physiological challenge?

What is the main reason that polar regions are cooler than the equator?

If the Earth were to reorient such that the North Pole always received direct sunlight always faced the Sun), how would that change Earth's climate?

Every place on Earth receives the same number of hours of sunlight each year-an average of 12 hours per day. Why do different areas of the Earth receive different amounts of solar radiation?

Figure 49.3 -Based on the data in the figure above, which of the following statements is FALSE?

In which terrestrial area is global warming most likely to allow coniferous trees to encroach?

Which of the following statements regarding turnover is true?

Which level of ecological study focuses the most on abiotic factors?

What is the main difference between climate and weather?

What would happen to the seasons if the Earth were tilted 35 degrees off its orbital plane instead of the usual 23)5 degrees?

Biology and the Tree of Life

Water and Carbon: the Chemical Basis of Life

Protein Structure and Function

Nucleic Acids and the Rna World

An Introduction to Carbohydrates

Lipids, Membranes, and the First Cells

Inside the Cell

Energy and Enzymes

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

Cellcell Interactions

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis

Mendel and the Gene

Dna and the Gene: Synthesis and Repair

How Genes Work

Transcription, Rna Processing, and Translation

Control of Gene Expression in Bacteria

Control of Gene Expression in Eukaryotes

The Molecular Revolution: Biotechnology and Beyond

Gene Structure and Development

Evolution by Natural Selection

Evolutionary Processes

Speciation

Phylogenies and the History of Life

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Green Algae and Land Plants

Fungi

An Introduction to Animals

Protostome Animals

Deuterostome Animals

Viruses

Plant Form and Function

Water and Sugar Transport in Plants

Plant Nutrition

Plant Sensory Systems, Signals, and Responses

Plant Reproduction and Development

Animal Form and Function

Water and Electrolyte Balance in Animals

Animal Nutrition

Gas Exchange and Circulation

Animal Nervous Systems

Animal Sensory Systems

Animal Movement

Chemical Signals in Animals

Animal Reproduction and Development

The Immune System in Animals

Behavioural Ecology

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and Global Ecology

Biodiversity and Conservation Biology

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