Question 1

In theory, individuals with advantageous traits are more likely to reproduce. True or False?

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

Who proposed the geological theory of catastrophism?

Accepted Answer

A) Darwin 
B) Lamarck 
C) Darwin and Wallace 
D) Cuvier 
E) Plato 
A) Darwin 
B) Lamarck 
C) Darwin and Wallace 
D) Cuvier 
E) Plato

Question 3

Which scientist devised the theory of uniformitarianism to account for Earth's old age?

Accepted Answer

A) Plato 
B) Darwin 
C) Cuvier 
D) Lamarck 
E) Lyell 
A) Plato 
B) Darwin 
C) Cuvier 
D) Lamarck 
E) Lyell

Question 4

Early in embryonic development, all vertebrate embryos look similar. True or False?

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Which of the following supports the idea that all organisms share a common ancestry?

Accepted Answer

A) All cells use DNA as a cellular energy carrier. 
B) All cells use ATP as the template for protein synthesis. 
C) All cells use the same collection of lipids. 
D) All cells use amino acids as a carrier of genetic information. 
E) All cells have a similar biochemistry, including amino acids, nucleic acids, and ATP. 
A) All cells use DNA as a cellular energy carrier. 
B) All cells use ATP as the template for protein synthesis. 
C) All cells use the same collection of lipids. 
D) All cells use amino acids as a carrier of genetic information. 
E) All cells have a similar biochemistry, including amino acids, nucleic acids, and ATP.

Question 6

A change in the genetic makeup of a population is called:

Accepted Answer

A) natural selection. 
B) uniformitarianism. 
C) artificial selection. 
D) evolution. 
A) natural selection. 
B) uniformitarianism. 
C) artificial selection. 
D) evolution.

Question 7

Plato's view of species:

Accepted Answer

A) was consistent with the modern concept of evolution. 
B) did not allow for evolutionary change. 
C) included species that do not actually exist. 
D) recognized that each individual in a species is unique. 
E) allowed for limited evolution within species. 
A) was consistent with the modern concept of evolution. 
B) did not allow for evolutionary change. 
C) included species that do not actually exist. 
D) recognized that each individual in a species is unique. 
E) allowed for limited evolution within species.

Question 8

Dandelions in a lawn that is mowed have short flower stalks, whereas those in a field have tall flower stocks. This illustrates:

Accepted Answer

A) convergent evolution. 
B) natural selection. 
C) artificial mutation. 
D) artificial selection. 
E) inheritance of acquired characteristics. 
A) convergent evolution. 
B) natural selection. 
C) artificial mutation. 
D) artificial selection. 
E) inheritance of acquired characteristics.

Question 9

The large, productive udders of domesticated milk goats and cows are ________ structures.

Accepted Answer

artificial

Question 10

The human appendix is an example of a(n):

Accepted Answer

A) analogous structure. 
B) homologous structure. 
C) vestigial structure. 
D) adaptation. 
E) mutation. 
A) analogous structure. 
B) homologous structure. 
C) vestigial structure. 
D) adaptation. 
E) mutation.

Question 11

Where are the Galápagos Islands?

Accepted Answer

A) off the west coast of Australia 
B) off the west coast of North America 
C) off the west coast of South America 
D) near Southeast Asia 
E) near the center of the south Atlantic Ocean 
A) off the west coast of Australia 
B) off the west coast of North America 
C) off the west coast of South America 
D) near Southeast Asia 
E) near the center of the south Atlantic Ocean

Question 12

Who presented the idea of natural selection to the Linnaean Society in 1858?

Accepted Answer

A) Darwin 
B) Lamarck 
C) Darwin and Wallace 
D) Cuvier 
E) Plato 
A) Darwin 
B) Lamarck 
C) Darwin and Wallace 
D) Cuvier 
E) Plato

Question 13

The human upper arm bone (the humerus)is structurally similar to the upper wing bone of a bat. The structural similarity is an example of:

Accepted Answer

A) analogous structures. 
B) homologous structures. 
C) vestigial structures. 
D) adaptation. 
E) mutation. 
A) analogous structures. 
B) homologous structures. 
C) vestigial structures. 
D) adaptation. 
E) mutation.

Question 14

How does Lamarck's proposed method of evolution differ from Darwin's?

Accepted Answer

Lamarck proposed that individuals evolve

Question 15

A farmer noticed that two of her cotton plants produce cotton with a slight greenish hue. By repeatedly crossing the greenish plants, she has produced a variety of deep-green cotton without the use of any dyes. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

A) convergent evolution. 
B) natural selection. 
C) artificial mutation. 
D) artificial selection. 
E) inheritance of acquired characteristics. 
A) convergent evolution. 
B) natural selection. 
C) artificial mutation. 
D) artificial selection. 
E) inheritance of acquired characteristics.

Question 16

Which of the following are vestigial structures?

Accepted Answer

A) fish fins 
B) vertebral columns in snakes 
C) pelvic bones of whales 
D) wings of bats 
E) hoofs of horses 
A) fish fins 
B) vertebral columns in snakes 
C) pelvic bones of whales 
D) wings of bats 
E) hoofs of horses

Question 17

Which mutation provides a survival advantage?

Accepted Answer

A) a flower that attracts more bees 
B) a tree that grows shorter than the surrounding trees 
C) a brightly colored fish that attracts predators 
D) a horse that lacks the ability to digest either grains or grass 
E) a shrub that loses the ability to make seeds 
A) a flower that attracts more bees 
B) a tree that grows shorter than the surrounding trees 
C) a brightly colored fish that attracts predators 
D) a horse that lacks the ability to digest either grains or grass 
E) a shrub that loses the ability to make seeds

Question 18

Based on the way natural selection works, what is the BEST way to make use of antibacterial soap?

Accepted Answer

A) Always use it because most bacteria will cause illness. 
B) Always use it because it is unlikely that bacteria will evolve to become resistant to it. 
C) Never use it because bacteria will evolve to become resistant to it. 
D) Use it only when you need to be free of bacterial contamination, so bacteria will be less likely to evolve resistance to it. 
E) Never use it because all bacteria are harmless. 
A) Always use it because most bacteria will cause illness. 
B) Always use it because it is unlikely that bacteria will evolve to become resistant to it. 
C) Never use it because bacteria will evolve to become resistant to it. 
D) Use it only when you need to be free of bacterial contamination, so bacteria will be less likely to evolve resistance to it. 
E) Never use it because all bacteria are harmless.

Exam 14: Principles of Evolution

In theory, individuals with advantageous traits are more likely to reproduce. True or False?

Who proposed the geological theory of catastrophism?

Which scientist devised the theory of uniformitarianism to account for Earth's old age?

Early in embryonic development, all vertebrate embryos look similar. True or False?

Which of the following supports the idea that all organisms share a common ancestry?

A change in the genetic makeup of a population is called:

Plato's view of species:

Dandelions in a lawn that is mowed have short flower stalks, whereas those in a field have tall flower stocks. This illustrates:

The large, productive udders of domesticated milk goats and cows are ________ structures.

The human appendix is an example of a(n):

Where are the Galápagos Islands?

Who presented the idea of natural selection to the Linnaean Society in 1858?

The human upper arm bone (the humerus)is structurally similar to the upper wing bone of a bat. The structural similarity is an example of:

How does Lamarck's proposed method of evolution differ from Darwin's?

A farmer noticed that two of her cotton plants produce cotton with a slight greenish hue. By repeatedly crossing the greenish plants, she has produced a variety of deep-green cotton without the use of any dyes. This is an example of:

Which of the following are vestigial structures?

Which mutation provides a survival advantage?

Based on the way natural selection works, what is the BEST way to make use of antibacterial soap?

An Introduction to Life on Earth

Atoms, Molecules, and Life

Biological Molecules

Cell Structure and Function

Cell Membrane Structure and Function

Energy Flow in the Life of a Cell

Capturing Solar Energy: Photosynthesis

Harvesting Energy: Glycolysis and Cellular Respiration

The Continuity of Life: Cellular Reproduction

Patterns of Inheritance

Dna: the Molecule of Heredity

Gene Expression and Regulation

Biotechnology

How Populations Evolve

The Origin of Species

The History of Life

Systematics: Seeking Order Amidst Diversity

The Diversity of Prokaryotes and Viruses

The Diversity of Protists

The Diversity of Plants

The Diversity of Fungi

Animal Diversity I: Invertebrates

Animal Diversity Ii: Vertebrates

Animal Behavior

Population Growth and Regulation

Community Interactions

How Do Ecosystems Work

Earths Diverse Ecosystems

Conserving Earths Biodiversity

Homeostasis and the Organization of the Animal Body

Circulation

Respiration

Nutrition and Digestion

The Urinary System

Defenses Against Disease

Chemical Control of the Animal Body: the Endocrine System

The Nervous System

The Senses

Action and Support: the Muscles and Skeleton

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Plant Anatomy and Nutrient Transport

Plant Reproduction and Development

Plant Responses to the Environment

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