Question 1

Please select the TRUE statement regarding preservation of perishable products.

Accepted Answer

A)  Nitrites and nitrates are always converted into carcinogens by intestinal bacteria. 
B)  Refrigeration destroys most pathogens and all spoilage microorganisms. 
C)  Salting and drying increase the availability of water in food above the limits required for growth of most microbes. 
D)  Drying stops microbial growth, and reliably kills all bacteria and fungi in or on foods. 
E)  Bacterial resistance to some of the chemicals included to perishable products has been reported. 
A)  Nitrites and nitrates are always converted into carcinogens by intestinal bacteria. 
B)  Refrigeration destroys most pathogens and all spoilage microorganisms. 
C)  Salting and drying increase the availability of water in food above the limits required for growth of most microbes. 
D)  Drying stops microbial growth, and reliably kills all bacteria and fungi in or on foods. 
E)  Bacterial resistance to some of the chemicals included to perishable products has been reported. E

Question 2

A common environmental organism that may even grow in certain chemical disinfectants is

Accepted Answer

A)  Escherichia coli. 
B)  Streptococcus pneumoniae. 
C)  Pseudomonas aeruginosa. 
D)  Influenza virus (enveloped). 
E)  Adenoviruses (non-enveloped). 
A)  Escherichia coli. 
B)  Streptococcus pneumoniae. 
C)  Pseudomonas aeruginosa. 
D)  Influenza virus (enveloped). 
E)  Adenoviruses (non-enveloped). C

Question 3

Chlorine

Accepted Answer

A)  readily reacts with organics to produce potentially carcinogenic trihalomethanes. 
B)  is expensive but is able to destroy all types of microorganisms. 
C)  is unaffected by the presence of organic material. 
D)  is ineffective when diluted. 
E)  can be used effectively as an antiseptic. 
A)  readily reacts with organics to produce potentially carcinogenic trihalomethanes. 
B)  is expensive but is able to destroy all types of microorganisms. 
C)  is unaffected by the presence of organic material. 
D)  is ineffective when diluted. 
E)  can be used effectively as an antiseptic. E

Question 4

You tell Jasmine that it is important that she use a sterile instrument to pierce Paul's boil. Jasmine does not know what "sterile" means or why she needs to use something sterile for her "boil surgery," so you explain. Select the best answer.

Accepted Answer

A)  A sterile instrument is free of all most pathogens but not environmental organisms. Jasmine needs to use a sterile blade because it will come into contact with Paul's tissues, and is thus a semi-critical instrument. 
B)  A sterile instrument is free of most microbes. Jasmine needs to use a sterile blade because it will come into contact with Paul's tissues, and is a critical instrument, although the risk for infection is low. 
C)  A sterile instrument comes in a sealed pack and is returned to that before its next use. Jasmine needs to use a sterile blade because it will come into contact with Paul's tissues, and is thus a critical instrument. 
D)  A sterile instrument is free of all microbes, endospores, and viruses. Jasmine needs to use a sterile blade because it will come into contact with Paul's tissues, and is thus a critical instrument. 
E)  The only known sterile instruments are hypodermic syringes, so Jasmine should use that to pop Paul's boil. Syringes are non-critical instruments because they make small wounds. 
A)  A sterile instrument is free of all most pathogens but not environmental organisms. Jasmine needs to use a sterile blade because it will come into contact with Paul's tissues, and is thus a semi-critical instrument. 
B)  A sterile instrument is free of most microbes. Jasmine needs to use a sterile blade because it will come into contact with Paul's tissues, and is a critical instrument, although the risk for infection is low. 
C)  A sterile instrument comes in a sealed pack and is returned to that before its next use. Jasmine needs to use a sterile blade because it will come into contact with Paul's tissues, and is thus a critical instrument. 
D)  A sterile instrument is free of all microbes, endospores, and viruses. Jasmine needs to use a sterile blade because it will come into contact with Paul's tissues, and is thus a critical instrument. 
E)  The only known sterile instruments are hypodermic syringes, so Jasmine should use that to pop Paul's boil. Syringes are non-critical instruments because they make small wounds.

Question 5

Generally, membrane filters are not used to remove

Accepted Answer

A)  bacteria from liquids. 
B)  enzymes from liquids. 
C)  microorganisms from gases. 
D)  spoilage agents from alcoholic beverages. 
E)  bacteria from nutrient broths. 
A)  bacteria from liquids. 
B)  enzymes from liquids. 
C)  microorganisms from gases. 
D)  spoilage agents from alcoholic beverages. 
E)  bacteria from nutrient broths.

Question 6

Lister developed his ideas on prevention of infection during medical procedures after studying the work of

Accepted Answer

A)  Koch. 
B)  Pasteur. 
C)  Jenner. 
D)  Fleming. 
E)  Ehrlich. 
A)  Koch. 
B)  Pasteur. 
C)  Jenner. 
D)  Fleming. 
E)  Ehrlich.

Question 7

You tell Jasmine that there are various ways that she can in fact sterilize the knife she plans to use. Which of the following is unlikely to be available to Jasmine for sterilizing her knife in her home?

Accepted Answer

A)  Household bleach, used at a 1:100 dilution. 
B)  Heating the knife in a flame, such as that on a gas stove. 
C)  Irradiating the knife with gamma rays. 
D)  Cleaning the knife with rubbing alcohol from the pharmacy. 
E)  Heating the knife to a high temperature in the oven. 
A)  Household bleach, used at a 1:100 dilution. 
B)  Heating the knife in a flame, such as that on a gas stove. 
C)  Irradiating the knife with gamma rays. 
D)  Cleaning the knife with rubbing alcohol from the pharmacy. 
E)  Heating the knife to a high temperature in the oven.

Question 8

Moist heat kills microorganisms by

Accepted Answer

A)  irreversible denaturation of proteins. 
B)  destruction of carbohydrates in the cell wall. 
C)  denaturation of nucleic acids. 
D)  dissolving the capsule. 
E)  destruction of the nuclear envelope. 
A)  irreversible denaturation of proteins. 
B)  destruction of carbohydrates in the cell wall. 
C)  denaturation of nucleic acids. 
D)  dissolving the capsule. 
E)  destruction of the nuclear envelope.

Question 9

Which is true of nosocomial infections?

Accepted Answer

A)  They are acquired by susceptible people at various social events. 
B)  They are acquired by susceptible people in the hospital. 
C)  They are acquired by susceptible people at sporting events. 
D)  They occur in communities but very seldom occur in hospitals. 
E)  They occur most frequently in isolated communities. 
A)  They are acquired by susceptible people at various social events. 
B)  They are acquired by susceptible people in the hospital. 
C)  They are acquired by susceptible people at sporting events. 
D)  They occur in communities but very seldom occur in hospitals. 
E)  They occur most frequently in isolated communities.

Question 10

Cold and freezing are very effective in killing bacteria.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Silver sulfadiazine, a combination of silver and a sulfa drug, is used to

Accepted Answer

A)  disinfect water for drinking. 
B)  prevent infection of surgical wounds. 
C)  prevent infection of second- and third-degree burns. 
D)  counteract lead poisoning. 
E)  prevent ophthalmia neonatorum in babies. 
A)  disinfect water for drinking. 
B)  prevent infection of surgical wounds. 
C)  prevent infection of second- and third-degree burns. 
D)  counteract lead poisoning. 
E)  prevent ophthalmia neonatorum in babies.

Question 12

Compounds of tin, mercury, arsenic, and copper are no longer used to prevent microbial growth in cooling water primarily because

Accepted Answer

A)  antibiotics are cheaper. 
B)  other chemicals were shown to be much more effective. 
C)  microbes developed resistance to these metals. 
D)  their use contributes to serious pollution of natural waters. 
E)  All of the answer choices are correct. 
A)  antibiotics are cheaper. 
B)  other chemicals were shown to be much more effective. 
C)  microbes developed resistance to these metals. 
D)  their use contributes to serious pollution of natural waters. 
E)  All of the answer choices are correct.

Question 13

A suffix used to describe a killing action would be

Accepted Answer

A)  -static. 
B)  -cidal. 
C)  -cillin. 
D)  -tion. 
E)  -side. 
A)  -static. 
B)  -cidal. 
C)  -cillin. 
D)  -tion. 
E)  -side.

Question 14

Microwaves do not kill organisms directly but kill by

Accepted Answer

A)  the heat they generate in a product. 
B)  generating free radicals. 
C)  generating toxins. 
D)  creating thymine dimers. 
E)  decreasing the pressure in the cells. 
A)  the heat they generate in a product. 
B)  generating free radicals. 
C)  generating toxins. 
D)  creating thymine dimers. 
E)  decreasing the pressure in the cells.

Question 15

The process of killing or removing all of the microorganisms in or on a material is called

Accepted Answer

A)  sterilization. 
B)  disinfection. 
C)  sanitation. 
D)  antisepsis. 
E)  degerming. 
A)  sterilization. 
B)  disinfection. 
C)  sanitation. 
D)  antisepsis. 
E)  degerming.

Question 16

Gamma irradiation

Accepted Answer

A)  has not been approved for use on food. 
B)  can be used to either sterilize or pasteurize, depending on the dose of radiation. 
C)  leaves some radioactive particles in the treated substance. 
D)  usually kills by generating heat and denaturing proteins. 
E)  frequently causes a product to become carcinogenic. 
A)  has not been approved for use on food. 
B)  can be used to either sterilize or pasteurize, depending on the dose of radiation. 
C)  leaves some radioactive particles in the treated substance. 
D)  usually kills by generating heat and denaturing proteins. 
E)  frequently causes a product to become carcinogenic.

Question 17

Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding Giardia?

Accepted Answer

A)  It contains 80S ribosomes. 
B)  It is aquatic. 
C)  It has a phospholipid cytoplasmic membrane. 
D)  It has a peptidoglycan cell wall. 
E)  It's DNA is contained within a membrane. 
A)  It contains 80S ribosomes. 
B)  It is aquatic. 
C)  It has a phospholipid cytoplasmic membrane. 
D)  It has a peptidoglycan cell wall. 
E)  It's DNA is contained within a membrane.

Question 18

Your brother tells you that most likely you ingested Giardia cysts that were in the stream water. He says you should have treated the water before you drank it. Which of the following would NOT have been a possible way for you to do this, as a hiker?

Accepted Answer

A)  Boiling the water. 
B)  Using a portable hiker's filter. 
C)  Using commercial water-purifying tablets (iodine). 
D)  Using high pressure processing. 
E)  In fact, none of these would be possible for a hiker. 
A)  Boiling the water. 
B)  Using a portable hiker's filter. 
C)  Using commercial water-purifying tablets (iodine). 
D)  Using high pressure processing. 
E)  In fact, none of these would be possible for a hiker.

Question 19

Prions are easily destroyed by common sterilization procedures.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

If a process kills 90% of the organisms per minute, how many minutes would it take to kill all organisms when starting with 100,000 organisms?

Accepted Answer

A)  6 minutes 
B)  3 minutes 
C)  2 minutes 
D)  1 minute 
E)  60 minutes 
A)  6 minutes 
B)  3 minutes 
C)  2 minutes 
D)  1 minute 
E)  60 minutes

Exam 5: Control of Microbial Growth

Please select the TRUE statement regarding preservation of perishable products.

A common environmental organism that may even grow in certain chemical disinfectants is

Chlorine

You tell Jasmine that it is important that she use a sterile instrument to pierce Paul's boil. Jasmine does not know what "sterile" means or why she needs to use something sterile for her "boil surgery," so you explain. Select the best answer.

Generally, membrane filters are not used to remove

Lister developed his ideas on prevention of infection during medical procedures after studying the work of

You tell Jasmine that there are various ways that she can in fact sterilize the knife she plans to use. Which of the following is unlikely to be available to Jasmine for sterilizing her knife in her home?

Moist heat kills microorganisms by

Which is true of nosocomial infections?

Cold and freezing are very effective in killing bacteria.

Silver sulfadiazine, a combination of silver and a sulfa drug, is used to

Compounds of tin, mercury, arsenic, and copper are no longer used to prevent microbial growth in cooling water primarily because

A suffix used to describe a killing action would be

Microwaves do not kill organisms directly but kill by

The process of killing or removing all of the microorganisms in or on a material is called

Gamma irradiation

Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding Giardia?

Your brother tells you that most likely you ingested Giardia cysts that were in the stream water. He says you should have treated the water before you drank it. Which of the following would NOT have been a possible way for you to do this, as a hiker?

Prions are easily destroyed by common sterilization procedures.

If a process kills 90% of the organisms per minute, how many minutes would it take to kill all organisms when starting with 100,000 organisms?

Humans and the Microbial World

The Molecules of Life

Microscopy and Cell Structure

Dynamics of Microbial Growth

Microbial Metabolism: Fueling Cell Growth

The Blueprint of Life, From Dna to Protein

Bacterial Genetics

Biotechnology

Identifying and Classifying Microorganisms

The Diversity of Bacteria and Archaea

The Eukaryotic Members of the Microbial World

Viruses, Viroids, and Prions

The Innate Immune Response

The Adaptive Immune Response

Host-Microbe Interactions

Immunological Disorders

Applications of Immune Responses

Epidemiology

Antimicrobial Medications

Respiratory System Infections

Skin Infections

Wound Infections

Digestive System Infections

Blood and Lymphatic Infections

Nervous System Infections

Genitourinary Tract Infections

Microbial Ecology

Environmental Microbiology: Treatment of Water, Wastes, and Polluted Habitats

Food Microbiology

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