Question 1

The resolving power of a microscope is described as the ability of the microscope to

Accepted Answer

A)  separate clearly two objects that are very close together. 
B)  magnify an object. 
C)  separate the colors of an organism's internal structure. 
D)  magnify structures at various depths in a tissue. 
E)  combine the images of two objects that are very close together. 
A)  separate clearly two objects that are very close together. 
B)  magnify an object. 
C)  separate the colors of an organism's internal structure. 
D)  magnify structures at various depths in a tissue. 
E)  combine the images of two objects that are very close together. A

Question 2

Penicillin affects the synthesis of phospholipids, thereby producing weak membranes and lysis of the bacteria.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 3

Select the FALSE statement regarding the proton motor force.

Accepted Answer

A)  The proton motive force is set up when protons are moved out of the cell by the electron transport chain. 
B)  The energy of the proton motive force is harvested by mechanisms that allow protons to move back into the cell. 
C)  The energy of the proton motive force is used to drive certain cellular processes, including ATP synthesis. 
D)  The energy of the proton motive force is used to power certain transport systems and some forms of motility. 
E)  The proton motive force involves moving electrons from one side of the nuclear membrane to the other. 
A)  The proton motive force is set up when protons are moved out of the cell by the electron transport chain. 
B)  The energy of the proton motive force is harvested by mechanisms that allow protons to move back into the cell. 
C)  The energy of the proton motive force is used to drive certain cellular processes, including ATP synthesis. 
D)  The energy of the proton motive force is used to power certain transport systems and some forms of motility. 
E)  The proton motive force involves moving electrons from one side of the nuclear membrane to the other. E

Question 4

A newly developed antibiotic drug shows promise by inhibiting prokaryotic 70S ribosomes in initial studies. However, when animal studies are begun, it's noted that the drug also inhibits growth of animal cells. Select the statement that may be explain how this can be happening.

Accepted Answer

A)  The function of ribosomes is identical, no matter their size, so a drug that can affect 70S ribosomes will also impair 80S ribosomes. 
B)  While the proteins made in the cytosol of eukaryotic cells are produced from the 80S eukaryotic ribosome, mitochondria and chloroplasts possess 70S ribosomes. This drug might be impairing the activity of chloroplasts in animal cells. 
C)  While the proteins made in the cytosol of eukaryotic cells are, indeed, produced from the 70S eukaryotic ribosome, mitochondria and chloroplasts possess 80S ribosomes. This drug might be impairing the activity of mitochondria in animal cells. 
D)  Perhaps the scientists accidentally combined their cultures of animal and bacterial cells-this might indicate that the drug is causing a reduction in growth in the culture, while really it's still just affecting the bacterial cells. 
E)  There really is no single explanation for this observation. Most likely, if the experiment was repeated, a completely different outcome would be observed. 
A)  The function of ribosomes is identical, no matter their size, so a drug that can affect 70S ribosomes will also impair 80S ribosomes. 
B)  While the proteins made in the cytosol of eukaryotic cells are produced from the 80S eukaryotic ribosome, mitochondria and chloroplasts possess 70S ribosomes. This drug might be impairing the activity of chloroplasts in animal cells. 
C)  While the proteins made in the cytosol of eukaryotic cells are, indeed, produced from the 70S eukaryotic ribosome, mitochondria and chloroplasts possess 80S ribosomes. This drug might be impairing the activity of mitochondria in animal cells. 
D)  Perhaps the scientists accidentally combined their cultures of animal and bacterial cells-this might indicate that the drug is causing a reduction in growth in the culture, while really it's still just affecting the bacterial cells. 
E)  There really is no single explanation for this observation. Most likely, if the experiment was repeated, a completely different outcome would be observed.

Question 5

Which microscope would be the BEST selection for examination of a virus?

Accepted Answer

A)  Confocal scanning laser microscope 
B)  Scanning electron microscope 
C)  Dark-field light microscope 
D)  Atomic force microscope 
E)  Compound light microscope 
A)  Confocal scanning laser microscope 
B)  Scanning electron microscope 
C)  Dark-field light microscope 
D)  Atomic force microscope 
E)  Compound light microscope

Question 6

Which is NOT true of the cytoplasmic membrane?

Accepted Answer

A)  It defines the boundaries of the cell. 
B)  It is a selectively permeable barrier. 
C)  It consists mainly of a fixed, static, phospholipid bilayer. 
D)  It contains proteins used as selective gates and sensors. 
E)  All of the answer choices are true. 
A)  It defines the boundaries of the cell. 
B)  It is a selectively permeable barrier. 
C)  It consists mainly of a fixed, static, phospholipid bilayer. 
D)  It contains proteins used as selective gates and sensors. 
E)  All of the answer choices are true.

Question 7

Petrus asks you what the Gram-negative result means and you explain that the bacteria causing his grandmother's UTI

Accepted Answer

A)  have a thin cell wall and an outer membrane which makes the cells less sensitive to the antibiotic penicillin. 
B)  have a thick cell wall and an outer membrane which makes the cells less sensitive to the antibiotic penicillin. 
C)  have no cell wall but they have a thick outer membrane which makes the cells less sensitive to the antibiotic penicillin. 
D)  have a thin cell wall and an inner cell membrane which makes the cells less sensitive to penicillin. 
E)  have no cell wall which makes the cells more sensitive to the antibiotic penicillin. 
A)  have a thin cell wall and an outer membrane which makes the cells less sensitive to the antibiotic penicillin. 
B)  have a thick cell wall and an outer membrane which makes the cells less sensitive to the antibiotic penicillin. 
C)  have no cell wall but they have a thick outer membrane which makes the cells less sensitive to the antibiotic penicillin. 
D)  have a thin cell wall and an inner cell membrane which makes the cells less sensitive to penicillin. 
E)  have no cell wall which makes the cells more sensitive to the antibiotic penicillin.

Question 8

Which amino acid is found only in the cell walls of bacteria?

Accepted Answer

A)  Glycerol 
B)  L-form of glycine 
C)  Diaminopimelic acid 
D)  L-form of methionine 
E)  D-form of methionine 
A)  Glycerol 
B)  L-form of glycine 
C)  Diaminopimelic acid 
D)  L-form of methionine 
E)  D-form of methionine

Question 9

Which terms refer to bacterial morphology?

Accepted Answer

A)  Bacillus AND polyhedral 
B)  Coccus AND polyhedral 
C)  Coccus AND Bacillus 
D)  Polyhedral, coccus, AND Bacillus 
E)  Coccus AND squarish 
A)  Bacillus AND polyhedral 
B)  Coccus AND polyhedral 
C)  Coccus AND Bacillus 
D)  Polyhedral, coccus, AND Bacillus 
E)  Coccus AND squarish

Question 10

An electron microscope must use electromagnet "lenses" shaped like donuts (with a hole in the middle) to direct the electrons onto the specimen. Why aren't they solid, like the lenses in a light microscope?

Accepted Answer

A)  A magnetic field cannot be applied across a completely solid object-there must be an opening within the object for the field to be applied through. 
B)  Electrons are particles, and particles cannot travel through a solid item. The hole in the middle allows them to travel from the source of the electrons to the specimen. 
C)  The electrons would destroy the electromagnet material unless there was a physical hole for them to travel through on their way to the specimen. 
D)  The user has to be able to physically look through the magnets to focus the beam of electrons onto the specimen, since the metal of the magnets is opaque. Without a hole in the middle, the user wouldn't be able to see! 
E)  All of the answer choices are correct. 
A)  A magnetic field cannot be applied across a completely solid object-there must be an opening within the object for the field to be applied through. 
B)  Electrons are particles, and particles cannot travel through a solid item. The hole in the middle allows them to travel from the source of the electrons to the specimen. 
C)  The electrons would destroy the electromagnet material unless there was a physical hole for them to travel through on their way to the specimen. 
D)  The user has to be able to physically look through the magnets to focus the beam of electrons onto the specimen, since the metal of the magnets is opaque. Without a hole in the middle, the user wouldn't be able to see! 
E)  All of the answer choices are correct.

Question 11

Extrachromasomal DNA is found in ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  mitochondria AND plasmids 
B)  mitochondria only 
C)  plasmids only 
D)  nucleoid AND nucleolus 
E)  mitochondria AND nucleus 
A)  mitochondria AND plasmids 
B)  mitochondria only 
C)  plasmids only 
D)  nucleoid AND nucleolus 
E)  mitochondria AND nucleus

Question 12

Which is (are) true concerning the cell wall of prokaryotes?

Accepted Answer

A)  It determines the shape of the bacteria. 
B)  It prevents the bacteria from bursting. 
C)  It contains peptidoglycan. 
D)  It may be targeted by antimicrobials. 
E)  All of the answer choices are true. 
A)  It determines the shape of the bacteria. 
B)  It prevents the bacteria from bursting. 
C)  It contains peptidoglycan. 
D)  It may be targeted by antimicrobials. 
E)  All of the answer choices are true.

Question 13

Please select the CORRECT pair.

Accepted Answer

A)  Transmission electron microscope - surface details 
B)  70S ribosomes - protozoa 
C)  Bacillus and Clostridium - endospores 
D)  Peptidoglycan - bacteria and archaea 
E)  Gram-positive cells - O antigen 
A)  Transmission electron microscope - surface details 
B)  70S ribosomes - protozoa 
C)  Bacillus and Clostridium - endospores 
D)  Peptidoglycan - bacteria and archaea 
E)  Gram-positive cells - O antigen

Question 14

The order of reagents in the Gram stain reaction is

Accepted Answer

A)  safranin, alcohol, methylene blue, iodine. 
B)  crystal violet, iodine, alcohol, safranin. 
C)  methylene blue, alcohol, safranin, iodine. 
D)  crystal violet, alcohol, iodine, safranin. 
E)  alcohol, safranin, iodine, crystal violet 
A)  safranin, alcohol, methylene blue, iodine. 
B)  crystal violet, iodine, alcohol, safranin. 
C)  methylene blue, alcohol, safranin, iodine. 
D)  crystal violet, alcohol, iodine, safranin. 
E)  alcohol, safranin, iodine, crystal violet

Question 15

Specimens can be observed at the atomic level using a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  scanning electron microscope. 
B)  transmission electron microscope. 
C)  atomic force microscope. 
D)  fluorescence microscope. 
E)  light microscope. 
A)  scanning electron microscope. 
B)  transmission electron microscope. 
C)  atomic force microscope. 
D)  fluorescence microscope. 
E)  light microscope.

Question 16

Which of the following microscope types would be least useful in viewing unstained living cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  Phase contrast 
B)  Differential interference contrast 
C)  Bright-field 
D)  Dark-field 
E)  Fluorescence 
A)  Phase contrast 
B)  Differential interference contrast 
C)  Bright-field 
D)  Dark-field 
E)  Fluorescence

Question 17

The cell wall of Gram-positive bacteria

Accepted Answer

A)  contains a thin layer of peptidoglycan. 
B)  contains a thick layer of peptidoglycan. 
C)  is an excellent barrier to most molecules. 
D)  contains an outer membrane containing LPS. 
E)  contains a thick layer of peptidoglycose. 
A)  contains a thin layer of peptidoglycan. 
B)  contains a thick layer of peptidoglycan. 
C)  is an excellent barrier to most molecules. 
D)  contains an outer membrane containing LPS. 
E)  contains a thick layer of peptidoglycose.

Question 18

Your instructor wants you to bring in an example of a biofilm to your lab. Which choice is the best selection for bringing in an intact biofilm for further study?

Accepted Answer

A)  Disconnecting and bringing in the old, mildewed showerhead from your bathroom. 
B)  Scraping the mold off the shower curtain in your bathroom into a paper cup using a butter knife. 
C)  Using a toothpick to scrape plaque off of your teeth and smearing it onto a slide to bring in to lab. 
D)  Wiping a sponge across a slimy boulder in a stream in a nearby park and bringing it in to lab. 
E)  Wiping a sponge across your dog's teeth, smearing it onto a glass slide and bringing it in to lab. 
A)  Disconnecting and bringing in the old, mildewed showerhead from your bathroom. 
B)  Scraping the mold off the shower curtain in your bathroom into a paper cup using a butter knife. 
C)  Using a toothpick to scrape plaque off of your teeth and smearing it onto a slide to bring in to lab. 
D)  Wiping a sponge across a slimy boulder in a stream in a nearby park and bringing it in to lab. 
E)  Wiping a sponge across your dog's teeth, smearing it onto a glass slide and bringing it in to lab.

Question 19

Electron microscopes differ from light microscopes in that

Accepted Answer

A)  light replaces electrons. 
B)  glass lenses replace electromagnets. 
C)  resolution is lower. 
D)  magnification is lower. 
E)  magnification is higher. 
A)  light replaces electrons. 
B)  glass lenses replace electromagnets. 
C)  resolution is lower. 
D)  magnification is lower. 
E)  magnification is higher.

Question 20

Endotoxin

Accepted Answer

A)  consists of lipopolysaccharide. 
B)  determines bacterial shape. 
C)  may have different effects depending on the bacterial source. 
D)  is toxic due to the effects of the peptide side chains. 
E)  is found in Gram-positive cells. 
A)  consists of lipopolysaccharide. 
B)  determines bacterial shape. 
C)  may have different effects depending on the bacterial source. 
D)  is toxic due to the effects of the peptide side chains. 
E)  is found in Gram-positive cells.

Exam 3: Microscopy and Cell Structure

The resolving power of a microscope is described as the ability of the microscope to

Penicillin affects the synthesis of phospholipids, thereby producing weak membranes and lysis of the bacteria.

Select the FALSE statement regarding the proton motor force.

A newly developed antibiotic drug shows promise by inhibiting prokaryotic 70S ribosomes in initial studies. However, when animal studies are begun, it's noted that the drug also inhibits growth of animal cells. Select the statement that may be explain how this can be happening.

Which microscope would be the BEST selection for examination of a virus?

Which is NOT true of the cytoplasmic membrane?

Petrus asks you what the Gram-negative result means and you explain that the bacteria causing his grandmother's UTI

Which amino acid is found only in the cell walls of bacteria?

Which terms refer to bacterial morphology?

An electron microscope must use electromagnet "lenses" shaped like donuts (with a hole in the middle) to direct the electrons onto the specimen. Why aren't they solid, like the lenses in a light microscope?

Extrachromasomal DNA is found in ________.

Which is (are) true concerning the cell wall of prokaryotes?

Please select the CORRECT pair.

The order of reagents in the Gram stain reaction is

Specimens can be observed at the atomic level using a(n)

Which of the following microscope types would be least useful in viewing unstained living cells?

The cell wall of Gram-positive bacteria

Your instructor wants you to bring in an example of a biofilm to your lab. Which choice is the best selection for bringing in an intact biofilm for further study?

Electron microscopes differ from light microscopes in that

Endotoxin

Humans and the Microbial World

The Molecules of Life

Dynamics of Microbial Growth

Control of Microbial Growth

Microbial Metabolism: Fueling Cell Growth

The Blueprint of Life, From Dna to Protein

Bacterial Genetics

Biotechnology

Identifying and Classifying Microorganisms

The Diversity of Bacteria and Archaea

The Eukaryotic Members of the Microbial World

Viruses, Viroids, and Prions

The Innate Immune Response

The Adaptive Immune Response

Host-Microbe Interactions

Immunological Disorders

Applications of Immune Responses

Epidemiology

Antimicrobial Medications

Respiratory System Infections

Skin Infections

Wound Infections

Digestive System Infections

Blood and Lymphatic Infections

Nervous System Infections

Genitourinary Tract Infections

Microbial Ecology

Environmental Microbiology: Treatment of Water, Wastes, and Polluted Habitats

Food Microbiology

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