Exam 13: Prejudice: Causes, Consequences, and Cures

Chris is very concerned because her Implicit Association Test (IAT) results show that she responded more slowly when fat faces were paired with positive words. She's concerned that this represents that she is implicitly biased against fat people. What might some psychological scientists tell her to make her feel better?

What is social identity threat, why does it arise, and what are the consequences?

According to Crandall and Eshleman's (2003) model, people struggle with their urge to express prejudice and their ___________.

If Julie identifies herself as a woman, a mother, and a teacher, who would NOT be another in-group member for her?

Recall that British social psychologist Henri Tajfel (1982) divided strangers into groups based on such criteria as whether they over- or underestimated the number of dots on a slide. Tajfel designed such experiments to determine __________.

According to Crandall and Eshleman's (2003) model, people are always looking for information to __________.

What is the Implicit Association Test and how does it work to identify implicit prejudices?

Some would argue that the stereotype that African Americans are athletic is flattering. Which of the following is one reason why it is abusive?

Walter Stephan (1978) conducted a careful study of the effects of school desegregation. Contrary to results found in the study of the desegregation of housing projects, Stephan found that __________.

Provide an example of a prejudiced attitude (the example need not reflect how you truly feel). Now, identify and provide an example of the affective, cognitive, and behavioral components of this prejudiced attitude.

Conditions under which contact situations reduce prejudice include __________.

Who is least likely to experience a reduction in prejudice?

Under which of the following conditions have White males shown signs of social identity threat?

Consider the following examples of prejudice: anti-Chinese prejudice in the United States after the transcontinental railroad was completed; anti-Mexican prejudice in the United States when agricultural jobs are scarce; anti-Turkish prejudice in Germany after reunification; anti-Arab and anti-Jew prejudice in the Middle East; and anti-immigrant prejudice during times of high unemployment. These examples best illustrate the __________ theory of prejudice.

One common stereotype about women that your text discusses is that they tend to be __________.

Researchers (Word, Zanna, & Cooper, 1974) tested the self-fulfilling prophecy as it relates to prejudice. They observed the differential behaviors of White interviewers who interviewed either African-American or White job candidates. They then trained other interviewers to manifest these two different interview styles. When the new interviewers later interviewed White job applicants, the applicants who were treated as African Americans in the first study __________.

Suppose that Herman is prejudiced toward members of Group A. Increasing Herman's contact with Group A is most likely to reduce his prejudice if __________.

Juliet is Jewish, and is going on a date with a Catholic. "Just don't bring up abortion-you know all Catholics are pro-life," cautions her sister. Juliet's sister is exhibiting the bias known as __________.

Although psychologists usually refer to stereotypes only in a __________ sense, it is possible for a person to have a __________ stereotype about a particular group.

Recall that Sherif and his colleagues (1961) created conflict between two groups of boys in a summer camp. Intergroup hostility was relatively easy to generate. To do this, the researchers first __________ and then __________.