Exam 5: The Self: Understanding Ourselves in a Social Context

Brigit is trying not to think about the fight she had with a roommate because she needs to pay attention during her psychology class, which starts in twenty minutes. According to research in the text, what advice would you give her?

Which of the following people is using ingratiation as a self-presentational tactic?

Which person is NOT making a downward social comparison?

According to research on the overjustification effect, why would high course grades be very UNLIKELY to undermine intrinsic motivation to learn?

Researchers randomly assigned participants to pray or not before doing a task that required a lot of energy. The group that prayed __________.

Unique baby names are a sign of a(n) __________ self-construal.

On the night of an important basketball game, Albert decided to leave his glasses at home. When his coach asked him if he wanted to return home to get them, Albert told the coach that he would rather not risk missing part of the game and that he'd try his best without them. Which of the following self-presentational strategies is Albert using?

In order to gauge whether he had studied long enough for his psychology exam, Markus texted two of his classmates to ask them how long they had spent reviewing material. Markus is engaging in __________.

According to your text, David Duke worked to change his image for a 1991 governor's race. He even had cosmetic surgery to change his appearance. How successful was he in changing the impressions people had of him?

Josie has just been diagnosed with cancer. According to the information presented in your text, first state what upward social comparisons and downward social comparisons are, then explain what Josie would gain by making an upward and a downward social comparison.

The authors of your text describe Masako Owada's decision to give up her career and marry the crown prince of Japan. Many Americans viewed her decision as the result of coercion and sexism. How do many Japanese view her decision?

People engage in self-handicapping strategies in order to avoid __________.

During a nap, six-month-old Haley has a red dot painted on her forehead. When she awakes, researchers place her in front of a mirror. Which of the following responses is LEAST likely to happen when Haley looks into the mirror?

The two major ways that a person may self-handicap are __________ and __________.

If you were to design a program using rewards to increase motivation, what type of rewards would it be best to use, according to the authors of your text?

When Linda was a child, her friends at school all earned a lot of money if their grades were good. Linda went to her parents and asked that she be given money for good report cards. Her parents agreed. She would earn a nickel for every "A" and a dollar if she earned all "A's." Her friends, of course, were offered much more money for good grades. Using the overjustification effect, explain why Linda's parents might have offered her such meager monetary rewards for academic success.

According to research by Dweck, a __________ is more likely to promote success both athletically and academically.

Upward social comparison is to __________ as downward social comparison is to __________.

The principal of a local elementary school plans to implement a "Reading for Cash" program, whereby children would be given cash rewards for reading. Before investing in this plan, the principal asks for your assessment. Because __________ tend to __________, you would probably tell her that the program would not be an effective way to increase interest in reading.

When asked to explain our own behaviors, self-perception processes are more likely to operate when our feelings are __________ and when we __________.