Question 1

__________ refers to the tendency of people to increase their liking for something they have worked hard to attain.

Accepted Answer

A)  Postdecision dissonance 
B)  Insufficient justification 
C)  Justification of effort 
D)  Minimal justification 
A)  Postdecision dissonance 
B)  Insufficient justification 
C)  Justification of effort 
D)  Minimal justification

Question 2

Imagine you are watching a debate between two presidential candidates. You prefer Candidate A and dislike Candidate B. Both candidates offer strong arguments and weak arguments about Issue X. Which arguments would you be most likely to remember? Which arguments would you be most likely to forget? Is it likely that you change your opinion after having watched the debate? Why or why not?

Accepted Answer

You would be most likely to remember str

Question 3

Recall that in experiments presented in your text (Leippe & Eisenstadt, 1994; 1998), white college students agreed to write essays in favor of doubling the funds for minority student scholarships, even though that policy would reduce the funds available for majority students. What happened?

Accepted Answer

A)  Participants who were initially prejudiced did not change their attitudes, but non-prejudiced participants did. 
B)  Participants convinced themselves that they supported the policy of expanding aid to minority students. 
C)  Participants changed their attitudes about the policy, but not about minority students. 
D)  Participants who were prejudiced refused to write the essays. 
A)  Participants who were initially prejudiced did not change their attitudes, but non-prejudiced participants did. 
B)  Participants convinced themselves that they supported the policy of expanding aid to minority students. 
C)  Participants changed their attitudes about the policy, but not about minority students. 
D)  Participants who were prejudiced refused to write the essays.

Question 4

Dissonance theory helps us understand the apparently irrational behavior of cult members, such as those in the Heaven's Gate cult and at Jonestown, who committed mass suicide. All of the following, EXCEPT __________, tend to increase dissonance and hence the extreme dissonance-reducing commitment to the cult or cause and the beliefs of the leaders.

Accepted Answer

A)  the sacrifice of money and possessions 
B)  giving up other friends and relationships outside the cult 
C)  the negative self-concepts of many people who join cults 
D)  the amount of hard work that is done on behalf of the cult 
A)  the sacrifice of money and possessions 
B)  giving up other friends and relationships outside the cult 
C)  the negative self-concepts of many people who join cults 
D)  the amount of hard work that is done on behalf of the cult

Question 5

In the aftermath of a dissonant behavior, people often change something about themselves as a means of reducing cognitive dissonance. This is known as __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  the overjustification effect 
B)  external justification 
C)  internal justification 
D)  postdecision regret 
A)  the overjustification effect 
B)  external justification 
C)  internal justification 
D)  postdecision regret

Question 6

Of the following people, which individual is most likely to reduce cognitive dissonance they might be feeling?

Accepted Answer

A)  Jerry, who pretends he didn't eat a gallon of ice cream while trying to diet 
B)  Celso, who just tries not to think about the discomfort he is feeling 
C)  Moises, who convinces himself that the estimates of the contribution of smoking to the incidence of cancer are exaggerated 
D)  Lu Chi, who tries to relax so that he won't think about his discomfort 
A)  Jerry, who pretends he didn't eat a gallon of ice cream while trying to diet 
B)  Celso, who just tries not to think about the discomfort he is feeling 
C)  Moises, who convinces himself that the estimates of the contribution of smoking to the incidence of cancer are exaggerated 
D)  Lu Chi, who tries to relax so that he won't think about his discomfort

Question 7

Based on the Ben Franklin effect, you are most likely to increase your liking for Tony when __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  Tony lends you $10 
B)  you lend Tony $10 
C)  Tony returns the $10 you lent him 
D)  Tony finds $10 
A)  Tony lends you $10 
B)  you lend Tony $10 
C)  Tony returns the $10 you lent him 
D)  Tony finds $10

Question 8

Recall that Aronson and his colleagues asked college students either to compose a persuasive message advocating the use of condoms or to compose and deliver their message in front of a video camera. In addition, half of the participants in each group were made mindful of the times that they didn't use condoms. Which (fictitious) participant below would experience the most dissonance and express a greater willingness to use condoms in the future?

Accepted Answer

A)  Jane, who spoke before a video camera, but did not list the times it was hard to use condoms 
B)  Paul, who did not deliver his speech on video, but listed the times he found it hard to use condoms 
C)  Sally, who delivered her speech, and listed the times she found it hard to use condoms 
D)  Otis, who did not deliver his speech, and did not list the times he found it hard to use condoms 
A)  Jane, who spoke before a video camera, but did not list the times it was hard to use condoms 
B)  Paul, who did not deliver his speech on video, but listed the times he found it hard to use condoms 
C)  Sally, who delivered her speech, and listed the times she found it hard to use condoms 
D)  Otis, who did not deliver his speech, and did not list the times he found it hard to use condoms

Question 9

According to the authors of your text, using __________ rewards or punishments leads to longer-lasting attitude change than using __________ rewards or punishments.

Accepted Answer

A)  larger; smaller 
B)  tangible; intangible 
C)  smaller; larger 
D)  meaningful; smaller 
A)  larger; smaller 
B)  tangible; intangible 
C)  smaller; larger 
D)  meaningful; smaller

__________ refers to the tendency of people to increase their liking for something they have worked hard to attain.

Recall that in experiments presented in your text (Leippe & Eisenstadt, 1994; 1998), white college students agreed to write essays in favor of doubling the funds for minority student scholarships, even though that policy would reduce the funds available for majority students. What happened?

In the aftermath of a dissonant behavior, people often change something about themselves as a means of reducing cognitive dissonance. This is known as __________.

Of the following people, which individual is most likely to reduce cognitive dissonance they might be feeling?

Based on the Ben Franklin effect, you are most likely to increase your liking for Tony when __________.

According to the authors of your text, using rewards or punishments leads to longer-lasting attitude change than using rewards or punishments.

Introducing Social Psychology

Methodology: How Social Psychologists Do Research

Social Cognition: How We Think About the Social World

Social Perception: How We Come to Understand Other People

The Self: Understanding Ourselves in a Social Context

Attitudes and Attitude Change: Influencing Thoughts and Feelings

Conformity and Obedience: Influencing Behavior

Group Processes: Influence in Social Groups

Attraction and Relationships: From Initial Impressions to Long-Term Intimacy

Prosocial Behavior: Why Do People Help

Aggression: Why Do We Hurt Other People Can We Prevent It

Prejudice: Causes, Consequences, and Cures

Using Social Psychology to Achieve a Sustainable and Happy Future

Social Psychology and Health

Social Psychology and the Law

Filters

Exam 6: Cognitive Dissonance and the Need to Protect Our Self-Esteem

__________ refers to the tendency of people to increase their liking for something they have worked hard to attain.

Recall that in experiments presented in your text (Leippe & Eisenstadt, 1994; 1998), white college students agreed to write essays in favor of doubling the funds for minority student scholarships, even though that policy would reduce the funds available for majority students. What happened?

In the aftermath of a dissonant behavior, people often change something about themselves as a means of reducing cognitive dissonance. This is known as __________.

Of the following people, which individual is most likely to reduce cognitive dissonance they might be feeling?

Based on the Ben Franklin effect, you are most likely to increase your liking for Tony when __________.

According to the authors of your text, using __________ rewards or punishments leads to longer-lasting attitude change than using __________ rewards or punishments.

Introducing Social Psychology

Methodology: How Social Psychologists Do Research

Social Cognition: How We Think About the Social World

Social Perception: How We Come to Understand Other People

The Self: Understanding Ourselves in a Social Context

Attitudes and Attitude Change: Influencing Thoughts and Feelings

Conformity and Obedience: Influencing Behavior

Group Processes: Influence in Social Groups

Attraction and Relationships: From Initial Impressions to Long-Term Intimacy

Prosocial Behavior: Why Do People Help

Aggression: Why Do We Hurt Other People Can We Prevent It

Prejudice: Causes, Consequences, and Cures

Using Social Psychology to Achieve a Sustainable and Happy Future

Social Psychology and Health

Social Psychology and the Law

Filters

According to the authors of your text, using rewards or punishments leads to longer-lasting attitude change than using rewards or punishments.