Exam 5: The Self: Understanding Ourselves in a Social Context

The development of our sense of self is partly influenced by our culture. People who tend to have an independent view of the self are likely from __________ cultures, whereas __________ cultures are more likely to have an interdependent view of the self.

According to studies discussed in the text, one consequence of analyzing or generating reasons for their attitudes is that people will __________.

When asked to finish a sentence beginning "I am…," respondents from Asian countries are more likely to mention __________, because they grew up in a(n) __________ culture.

Mrs. Hill has decided to provide her first-grade students with gold stars to reward them for reading. She has decided to use performance-contingent rewards. However, in using these, she must also be careful to __________ so that using the rewards does not backfire.

Recall Schachter and Singer's study in which participants were given an injection, then exposed to either a very happy or very angry confederate, then asked about their mood. Which of the following is an independent variable in this study?

Describe what advice you can give first-year students about increasing their self-control, based on research in this chapter.

Self-perception theory argues that when our attitudes or feelings aren't clear, we often infer them by observing __________.

While completing a personality test, Craig comes to an item that asks him if he sees himself as shy and introverted. Craig reflects on some of his recent behavior. He reasons that since he generally does not talk much in class discussions and tends to avoid large parties, he must be shy and introverted. Which of the following strategies for self-knowledge is Craig using?

Molly is eighteen years old and has an eight-year-old brother, Joe. If they are both asked to answer the question "Who am I?" Molly is likely to answer it in __________ terms than Joe.

Singelis (1994) administered his independence and interdependence questionnaire to students at the University of Hawaii at Manoa. He found that Asian American students agreed more with such statements as "It is important to me to respect decisions made by the group" and "My happiness depends on the happiness of those around me" than did Caucasian American students. These findings suggest that __________.

__________ refers to the desire to undertake an activity because of external rewards, not because we find it interesting or enjoyable.

Because they convey information to people that they are good at an activity, __________ are not likely to reduce intrinsic interest in that activity.

Which of the following situations best exemplifies the misattribution of arousal?

Cliff was asked if he liked country music. He remembered that his roommate had turned on some country music the other day and he listened to it for a while. What did Cliff report when asked if he liked country music?

According to the idea of "telling more than we can know," one reason that introspection is sometimes not an accurate way to learn about oneself is that __________.

Brittany knows she will need all the mental resources she has to focus on a speech she must give. Which of the following would be LEAST helpful in terms of increasing her self-regulatory resources?

Carl experiences sweaty palms, a racing heart beat, and butterflies in his stomach. As he scans the dark alley he is walking down, he hears an angry, growling dog approaching. Carl immediately labels what he is feeling as fear. This is a correct interpretation according to the __________.

When considering the data on self-handicapping, which of the following statements is true?

Beyond causal theories, what other information do people have available during introspection about the reasons for their feelings and behaviors?

Earl wants to understand his self-concept better, so he sits quietly by himself and thinks about who he is and what his values and attitudes are. What is Earl engaging in?