Exam 5: The Self: Understanding Ourselves in a Social Context

Assume that when exposed to a mirror, chimpanzees will use the mirror to aid in grooming (e.g., to pick food from their teeth) and to entertain themselves by making faces. The chimps' behavior in front of the mirror would suggest that __________.

According to self-awareness theory, under which of the following circumstances would an individual be most highly motivated to avoid self-awareness?

Many social psychologists assert that much of our sense of self arises from our interactions with or observations of others; in effect, that the self is social. How does Leon Festinger's social comparison theory fit this conceptualization of self?

When we are in a state of __________, we evaluate or compare our current behavior against our internal standards and values.

__________ requires energy and spending it on one task limits the amount that can be spent on other things.

__________ theory posits that when our attitudes or feelings are ambiguous, we infer our internal states by observing our own behaviors and the situations in which they occur.

At the amusement park, Keon's heart begins beating rapidly and his palms begin to sweat. He reasons that since he is next in line for the roller coaster, he must be feeling exhilarated. This sequence of events in which Keon first perceives his arousal and subsequently labels it is consistent with the __________.

Based on the information in your text about intrinsic motivation, who would be most likely to lose their enthusiasm for reading if a "Read for Cash" program were implemented in their school?

Complete the analogy about mindsets: fixed mindset is to __________ as growth mindset is to __________.

Just before an exam, your friend Marc turns to you and says, "Man, I'm so tired! I partied until four in the morning." Marc is engaging in what type of self-presentation?

According to the authors of your text, feelings like love or sadness are often difficult to explain because __________.

Why would cognitive attributional processes be involved in helping us label emotions?

One evening after work, Barbara arrives home in a very bad mood. Noticing this, her husband James asks her why she seems so angry and upset. Barbara hadn't thought about her mood before James mentioned it, and now she thinks hard about what has caused her to be so sullen. She decides that it was because she was hungry and tired, and she tells James so. Barbara is __________ her behavior.

According to the text, self-perception theory is most closely related to which other theory in social psychology?

In Schachter's theory of emotion, we observe our behavior and then __________.

If you are using the misattribution of arousal principle to plan a first date, and you really want your partner to be attracted to you, which of the following activities would you choose?

Schachter's (1964) two-factor theory of emotion suggests that we first experience __________ and then subsequently seek to __________.

Schachter and Singer's (1962) experiment in which participants were injected with epinephrine-allegedly as part of a study of the effects of a vitamin compound on vision-is one of the most famous studies in social psychology because the experiment showed that __________.

Psychologists who have studied the development of self-concept over the lifespan have found that the self-concept starts out __________ and gradually becomes __________ with increasing age.

Self-handicapping __________.