Question 1

In Bronfenbrenner's model,proximal processes refer to

Accepted Answer

A) independent changes in mental processes. 
B) favorable developmental conditions that are more likely to exist in one particular stage of development than in another. 
C) reciprocal interactions between an organism and its immediate environment. 
D) indirect influences on an organism. 
A) independent changes in mental processes. 
B) favorable developmental conditions that are more likely to exist in one particular stage of development than in another. 
C) reciprocal interactions between an organism and its immediate environment. 
D) indirect influences on an organism.

Question 2

Guidelines for the application of developmental research in helping professions include

Accepted Answer

A) keeping abreast of issues in the field and taking a multidimensional view of the influences on an individual. 
B) always assessing the developmental stage of each client. 
C) giving developmental theories an equal weight with your personal opinions. 
D) recognizing that developmental stage limits therapeutic progress. 
A) keeping abreast of issues in the field and taking a multidimensional view of the influences on an individual. 
B) always assessing the developmental stage of each client. 
C) giving developmental theories an equal weight with your personal opinions. 
D) recognizing that developmental stage limits therapeutic progress.

Question 3

Jean Piaget's cognitive development theory is based on stages of reasoning and understanding ability (cognition).Which stage describes the cognition of children during most of their years of schooling from elementary through middle school (typically ages 7 through 12)?

Accepted Answer

A) Operational 
B) Concrete operational 
C) Sensorimotor 
D) Formal operational 
A) Operational 
B) Concrete operational 
C) Sensorimotor 
D) Formal operational

Question 4

Seven-month-old Juan and his mother live in a small rented apartment in a large city.Affordable,high quality child care centers are very hard to find in her neighborhood.Which level of the environment,according to Bronfenbrenner's model,is limiting her access to high quality day care in her community?

Accepted Answer

A) Macrosystem 
B) Exosystem 
C) Microsystem 
D) Mesosystem 
A) Macrosystem 
B) Exosystem 
C) Microsystem 
D) Mesosystem

Question 5

Compare and contrast stage,incremental,and multidimensional models of development.What specific contributions does each perspective make to our knowledge of development?

Accepted Answer

Compare and contrast stage,incremental,a

Question 6

Which of the following helpers is most likely to have an implicit "incrementalist" belief about intelligence?

Accepted Answer

A) A counselor who recommends a strategy of academic skill building for a client who is experiencing academic problems. 
B) A therapist who helps the client adjust to the limitations of his academic ability. 
C) A school counselor who bases the decision about which career information to provide on the client's intelligence test results. 
D) A counselor who develops a program to track elementary school-aged children in classes that reflect their academic achievement. 
A) A counselor who recommends a strategy of academic skill building for a client who is experiencing academic problems. 
B) A therapist who helps the client adjust to the limitations of his academic ability. 
C) A school counselor who bases the decision about which career information to provide on the client's intelligence test results. 
D) A counselor who develops a program to track elementary school-aged children in classes that reflect their academic achievement.

Question 7

Helping professionals are encouraged to integrate their knowledge of theories and empirical data with their own beliefs,experiences,and assumptions.This model or concept is called

Accepted Answer

A) theoretical application. 
B) reflective practice. 
C) technical application. 
D) theory-driven hypothesis. 
A) theoretical application. 
B) reflective practice. 
C) technical application. 
D) theory-driven hypothesis.

Question 8

Most learning theories and information processing theories take a similar theoretical approach to development.How do they typically view development?

Accepted Answer

A) As a series of stages 
B) As a process based on heredity 
C) As a process based on environmental change 
D) As a continuous process 
A) As a series of stages 
B) As a process based on heredity 
C) As a process based on environmental change 
D) As a continuous process

Question 9

Which one of the following theorists emphasized continuity in development?

Accepted Answer

A) Sigmund Freud 
B) Albert Bandura 
C) Erik Erikson 
D) Jean Piaget 
A) Sigmund Freud 
B) Albert Bandura 
C) Erik Erikson 
D) Jean Piaget

Question 10

Explain why having a working knowledge of development or a "developmental template" is useful to helping professionals.

Accepted Answer

Explain why having a working knowledge o

Question 11

In lifespan developmental theories,significant developmental changes are thought to be largely complete by

Accepted Answer

A) the age of 18. 
B) the age of 30. 
C) the age of 50. 
D) death. 
A) the age of 18. 
B) the age of 30. 
C) the age of 50. 
D) death.

Question 12

A kitten whose eyes are covered during the first months of its life loses the ability to see clearly in ways that would have been possible without the loss of early visual stimulation.This effect remains despite later attempts to remediate the loss.This is an example of which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A) Behavior genetics 
B) Critical period 
C) Plasticity 
D) Visual demand 
A) Behavior genetics 
B) Critical period 
C) Plasticity 
D) Visual demand

Question 13

Theories of development differ from opinion primarily because

Accepted Answer

A) they provide a complete picture of development. 
B) they have been proven to be true. 
C) they are based on scientific research. 
D) they are more abstract than opinions. 
A) they provide a complete picture of development. 
B) they have been proven to be true. 
C) they are based on scientific research. 
D) they are more abstract than opinions.

Question 14

According to life span developmental theory,which of the following individuals has the greatest need for resources supplied by their culture in order to maintain a high level of functioning?

Accepted Answer

A) A young adult 
B) A young child 
C) A retired individual 
D) An adolescent 
A) A young adult 
B) A young child 
C) A retired individual 
D) An adolescent

Question 15

An attempt to forestall the development of problems by promoting health and wellness in the general population is called

Accepted Answer

A) tertiary prevention. 
B) secondary prevention. 
C) primary prevention. 
D) mediation. 
A) tertiary prevention. 
B) secondary prevention. 
C) primary prevention. 
D) mediation.

Question 16

Keisha is a 35-year-old African-American woman who is depressed.Her presenting concerns include marital distress,the imminent possibility of losing her job,overeating,and chain-smoking.As you listen to her story,you begin to construct a picture of her developmental history.Which of these explanations would someone using a multidimensional perspective be most likely to offer for Keisha's problems difficulties?

Accepted Answer

A) Keisha's difficulties most likely developed through the interaction of her family experiences and societal conditions like poverty and racism. 
B) Keisha's problems are most likely related to insufficient emotional gratification during infancy when oral needs are paramount. 
C) Keisha's problems are most likely related to lack of appropriate models of effective marital communication. 
D) Keisha has experienced reward from her eating and smoking habits,and so she seeks these rewards in stressful situations. 
A) Keisha's difficulties most likely developed through the interaction of her family experiences and societal conditions like poverty and racism. 
B) Keisha's problems are most likely related to insufficient emotional gratification during infancy when oral needs are paramount. 
C) Keisha's problems are most likely related to lack of appropriate models of effective marital communication. 
D) Keisha has experienced reward from her eating and smoking habits,and so she seeks these rewards in stressful situations.

Question 17

Keisha is a 35-year-old African-American woman who is depressed.Her presenting concerns include marital distress,the imminent possibility of losing her job,overeating,and chain-smoking.As you listen to her story,you begin to construct a picture of her developmental history.Which of these explanations would someone using an incrementalist developmental perspective be most likely to offer for how Keisha's problems have developed?

Accepted Answer

A) Keisha's difficulties most likely developed through the interaction of her family experiences and societal conditions like poverty and racism. 
B) Keisha's problems are most likely related to insufficient emotional gratification during infancy when oral needs are paramount. 
C) Keisha's problems are most likely related to lack of appropriate models of effective marital communication. 
D) Keisha has experienced reward from her eating and smoking habits,and so she seeks these rewards in stressful situations. 
A) Keisha's difficulties most likely developed through the interaction of her family experiences and societal conditions like poverty and racism. 
B) Keisha's problems are most likely related to insufficient emotional gratification during infancy when oral needs are paramount. 
C) Keisha's problems are most likely related to lack of appropriate models of effective marital communication. 
D) Keisha has experienced reward from her eating and smoking habits,and so she seeks these rewards in stressful situations.

Question 18

The measure of social status that combines aspects of education background,income,and occupation is called

Accepted Answer

A) socioeconomic status. 
B) social standing. 
C) social class. 
D) economic class. 
A) socioeconomic status. 
B) social standing. 
C) social class. 
D) economic class.

Question 19

Counselors apply multidimensional models most explicitly in their work with clients when they

Accepted Answer

A) recognize the primary importance of genetic influences on behavior. 
B) consider levels of influence on the individual and select interventions that are targeted to more than one level. 
C) pay close attention to the stage of development that characterizes the client. 
D) understand that client's developmental tasks must be met in each stage of development. 
A) recognize the primary importance of genetic influences on behavior. 
B) consider levels of influence on the individual and select interventions that are targeted to more than one level. 
C) pay close attention to the stage of development that characterizes the client. 
D) understand that client's developmental tasks must be met in each stage of development.

Question 20

Dr.Jones encountered a problem with a new client in therapy.Using the model of reflective practice described in Chapter 1,what is the sequence of steps he should use in order to work with this client effectively?

Accepted Answer

A) Reflect on what has worked best in his own personal experience and apply that knowledge to the client's problem. 
B) Reflect on well-established theories;apply the theoretical knowledge to the individual's case;and then test out new ways of thinking about the problem if prior theory does not suffice. 
C) Apply experience-based knowledge first,and then use theory-based knowledge. 
D) First test out any method by subjecting it to rigorous scientific experimentation and then apply it for use with the client. 
A) Reflect on what has worked best in his own personal experience and apply that knowledge to the client's problem. 
B) Reflect on well-established theories;apply the theoretical knowledge to the individual's case;and then test out new ways of thinking about the problem if prior theory does not suffice. 
C) Apply experience-based knowledge first,and then use theory-based knowledge. 
D) First test out any method by subjecting it to rigorous scientific experimentation and then apply it for use with the client.

In Bronfenbrenner's model,proximal processes refer to

Guidelines for the application of developmental research in helping professions include

Jean Piaget's cognitive development theory is based on stages of reasoning and understanding ability (cognition).Which stage describes the cognition of children during most of their years of schooling from elementary through middle school (typically ages 7 through 12)?

Compare and contrast stage,incremental,and multidimensional models of development.What specific contributions does each perspective make to our knowledge of development?

Which of the following helpers is most likely to have an implicit "incrementalist" belief about intelligence?

Helping professionals are encouraged to integrate their knowledge of theories and empirical data with their own beliefs,experiences,and assumptions.This model or concept is called

Most learning theories and information processing theories take a similar theoretical approach to development.How do they typically view development?

Which one of the following theorists emphasized continuity in development?

Explain why having a working knowledge of development or a "developmental template" is useful to helping professionals.

In lifespan developmental theories,significant developmental changes are thought to be largely complete by

A kitten whose eyes are covered during the first months of its life loses the ability to see clearly in ways that would have been possible without the loss of early visual stimulation.This effect remains despite later attempts to remediate the loss.This is an example of which of the following?

Theories of development differ from opinion primarily because

According to life span developmental theory,which of the following individuals has the greatest need for resources supplied by their culture in order to maintain a high level of functioning?

An attempt to forestall the development of problems by promoting health and wellness in the general population is called

The measure of social status that combines aspects of education background,income,and occupation is called

Counselors apply multidimensional models most explicitly in their work with clients when they

Dr.Jones encountered a problem with a new client in therapy.Using the model of reflective practice described in Chapter 1,what is the sequence of steps he should use in order to work with this client effectively?

Genetics, epigenetics, and the Brain: the Fundamentals of Behavioral Development

Cognitive Development in the Early Years

Emotional and Social Development in the Early Years

The Emerging Self and Socialization in the Early Years

Realms of Cognition in Middle Childhood

Self and Moral Development: Middle Childhood Through Early Adolescence

Gender and Peer Relationships: Middle Childhood Through Early Adolescence

Physical,cognitive,and Identity Development in Adolescence

The Social World of Adolescence

Physical and Cognitive Development in Young Adulthood

Socioemotional and Vocational Development in Young Adulthood

Middle Adulthood: Cognitive, personality, and Social Development

Living Well: Stress, coping, and Life Satisfaction in Adulthood

Gains and Losses in Late Adulthood

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Exam 1: Organizing Themes in Development

In Bronfenbrenner's model,proximal processes refer to

Guidelines for the application of developmental research in helping professions include

Jean Piaget's cognitive development theory is based on stages of reasoning and understanding ability (cognition).Which stage describes the cognition of children during most of their years of schooling from elementary through middle school (typically ages 7 through 12)?

Compare and contrast stage,incremental,and multidimensional models of development.What specific contributions does each perspective make to our knowledge of development?

Which of the following helpers is most likely to have an implicit "incrementalist" belief about intelligence?

Helping professionals are encouraged to integrate their knowledge of theories and empirical data with their own beliefs,experiences,and assumptions.This model or concept is called

Most learning theories and information processing theories take a similar theoretical approach to development.How do they typically view development?

Which one of the following theorists emphasized continuity in development?

Explain why having a working knowledge of development or a "developmental template" is useful to helping professionals.

In lifespan developmental theories,significant developmental changes are thought to be largely complete by

A kitten whose eyes are covered during the first months of its life loses the ability to see clearly in ways that would have been possible without the loss of early visual stimulation.This effect remains despite later attempts to remediate the loss.This is an example of which of the following?

Theories of development differ from opinion primarily because

According to life span developmental theory,which of the following individuals has the greatest need for resources supplied by their culture in order to maintain a high level of functioning?

An attempt to forestall the development of problems by promoting health and wellness in the general population is called

The measure of social status that combines aspects of education background,income,and occupation is called

Counselors apply multidimensional models most explicitly in their work with clients when they

Dr.Jones encountered a problem with a new client in therapy.Using the model of reflective practice described in Chapter 1,what is the sequence of steps he should use in order to work with this client effectively?

Genetics, epigenetics, and the Brain: the Fundamentals of Behavioral Development

Cognitive Development in the Early Years

Emotional and Social Development in the Early Years

The Emerging Self and Socialization in the Early Years

Realms of Cognition in Middle Childhood

Self and Moral Development: Middle Childhood Through Early Adolescence

Gender and Peer Relationships: Middle Childhood Through Early Adolescence

Physical,cognitive,and Identity Development in Adolescence

The Social World of Adolescence

Physical and Cognitive Development in Young Adulthood

Socioemotional and Vocational Development in Young Adulthood

Middle Adulthood: Cognitive, personality, and Social Development

Living Well: Stress, coping, and Life Satisfaction in Adulthood

Gains and Losses in Late Adulthood

Filters