Question 1

It is difficult to date the beginning of Byzantine history with precision because:

Accepted Answer

A)  Constantine never administered the Roman Empire from Constantinople. 
B)  Greek was the only language ever used by Roman emperors in Constantinople. 
C)  the Byzantine Empire considered itself the uninterrupted successor of the Roman Empire. 
D)  Justinian resisted new forms of thought and art throughout his life. 
E)  it began during the so-called Dark Ages during which very few records were kept. 
A)  Constantine never administered the Roman Empire from Constantinople. 
B)  Greek was the only language ever used by Roman emperors in Constantinople. 
C)  the Byzantine Empire considered itself the uninterrupted successor of the Roman Empire. 
D)  Justinian resisted new forms of thought and art throughout his life. 
E)  it began during the so-called Dark Ages during which very few records were kept. C

Question 2

Muhammad wrote about his revelations in the Qu'ran.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 3

How did the Islamic Empire disintegrate?

Accepted Answer

The Islamic Empire was united only for a very short time after the death of Muhammad.In 644,the caliph Umar died and was replaced by a member of the Umayyad dynasty,a family that had initially resisted Muhammad.Some opposed the new caliph and supported Ali,Muhammad's son-in-law.This was the beginning of the Sunni-Shiite split in Islam that still exists today.Shiite Muslims argued that only descendents of Ali and Muhammad's daughter Fatima should be allowed to rule the emerging Muslim world.The Sunnis supported the Umayyads and a wider range of possible leaders.
After some initial rivalry,the Umayyad dynasty emerged victorious and led the caliphate until 750,when a new group,the Abbasids,challenged their authority.In 750,the Abbasids led a successful rebellion that forced the Umayyads to retreat to Spain,the furthest edge of the Islamic world.Relations between the two rivals remained cordial,but cold.
The Abbasids ruled from Baghdad for centuries,but after 1000 the agricultural base of much of the dynasty's wealth in Mesopotamia was impoverished by climate and other ecological crises and by a slave revolt.Tax revenues were also declining as rulers of individual provinces of the empire became to take more for themselves.The expenses of the Abbasid army and civil service became too great to fully maintain them.At the same time,regional rulers were becoming more powerful.In 909,the Fatimids,a Shiite group,took control of North Africa from the Abbasids.By 970,they had conquered Egypt.Another Shiite group,rivals of both the Fatimids and the Abbasids,attacked the Abbasid capital of Baghdad in 927 and Mecca itself in 930.The Abbasids hung on to power,but they were significantly weakened.They were finally conquered by the Mongols in 1258,leaving the Fatimids in place in Egypt and a new Muslim power emerging in Persia.
In Spain too,the united territories of the Umayyad dynasty were breaking down.By the mid-ninth century,Christian kingdoms were taking over parts of the Umayyad territory.In other parts,Umayyad control fragmented and many small Muslim states were created.
Certainly by the twelfth century,the hope of a single,united Islamic caliphate was shattered.In part,these fissures represent political rivalries.However,they also reflect intolerance of religious difference within Islam.

Question 4

Islam is a religion without sacraments or priests.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Monasteries in the early Middle Ages were:

Accepted Answer

A)  places of economic import only. 
B)  founded in cities. 
C)  places of political, religious, and economic import. 
D)  places of religious import only. 
E)  places of political import only. 
A)  places of economic import only. 
B)  founded in cities. 
C)  places of political, religious, and economic import. 
D)  places of religious import only. 
E)  places of political import only.

Question 6

The Hijrah (Hegira)refers to the prophet Muhammad's move from:

Accepted Answer

A)  Medina to Mecca. 
B)  Mecca to Quadratic. 
C)  Medina to Quadratic. 
D)  Quadratic to Mecca. 
E)  Mecca to Medina. 
A)  Medina to Mecca. 
B)  Mecca to Quadratic. 
C)  Medina to Quadratic. 
D)  Quadratic to Mecca. 
E)  Mecca to Medina.

Question 7

By 1000,Vikings had reached North America.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

The Shiite argued that only descendents of Muhammad and his daughter _________ could claim to rule legitimately.

Accepted Answer

A)  Aisha 
B)  Yasmina 
C)  Fatimah 
D)  Khadijah 
E)  Sawda 
A)  Aisha 
B)  Yasmina 
C)  Fatimah 
D)  Khadijah 
E)  Sawda

Question 9

The Iconoclastic Controversy of the eighth century C.E.was about:

Accepted Answer

A)  a newly imposed tax to protect Byzantium's borders. 
B)  Emperor Leo's decision to stop wearing the toga, the symbol of imperial manhood. 
C)  wage controls. 
D)  the use of religious images for devotion. 
E)  the use of unleavened bread for the Eucharist. 
A)  a newly imposed tax to protect Byzantium's borders. 
B)  Emperor Leo's decision to stop wearing the toga, the symbol of imperial manhood. 
C)  wage controls. 
D)  the use of religious images for devotion. 
E)  the use of unleavened bread for the Eucharist.

Question 10

Charlemagne reformed writing in his empire by:

Accepted Answer

A)  introducing cursive script. 
B)  ensuring all copyists wrote in block letters only. 
C)  testing all copyists for literacy. 
D)  introducing the comma. 
E)  creating a simplified script and introducing punctuation. 
A)  introducing cursive script. 
B)  ensuring all copyists wrote in block letters only. 
C)  testing all copyists for literacy. 
D)  introducing the comma. 
E)  creating a simplified script and introducing punctuation.

Question 11

A long-term result of Boniface anointing Pepin on behalf of the papacy was that:

Accepted Answer

A)  members of the Carolingian family regularly became popes. 
B)  the Carolingians founded a new capital for their empire in Rome. 
C)  first-born sons of the king henceforth became king automatically on the death of their father. 
D)  the pope became directly responsible for the welfare of the Carolingian Empire. 
E)  the power of kings was theoretically limited. 
A)  members of the Carolingian family regularly became popes. 
B)  the Carolingians founded a new capital for their empire in Rome. 
C)  first-born sons of the king henceforth became king automatically on the death of their father. 
D)  the pope became directly responsible for the welfare of the Carolingian Empire. 
E)  the power of kings was theoretically limited.

Question 12

One of the few rulers to successfully defend his lands against the Vikings was:

Accepted Answer

A)  Alfred. 
B)  Arthur. 
C)  Bede. 
D)  Charles. 
E)  Thomas. 
A)  Alfred. 
B)  Arthur. 
C)  Bede. 
D)  Charles. 
E)  Thomas.

Question 13

Compared to medieval Europe in the central Middle Ages (800-1100),the Islamic world was:

Accepted Answer

A)  comprised of small and isolated communities. 
B)  focused on trade only within its borders. 
C)  cosmopolitan but lacked manufacturing capacity and so traded little. 
D)  manufacturing and trading goods widely in Africa, Europe, and Asia. 
E)  only interested in establishing trade connections with Europe. 
A)  comprised of small and isolated communities. 
B)  focused on trade only within its borders. 
C)  cosmopolitan but lacked manufacturing capacity and so traded little. 
D)  manufacturing and trading goods widely in Africa, Europe, and Asia. 
E)  only interested in establishing trade connections with Europe.

Question 14

Charles Martel is regarded as one of the founders of the Frankish kingdom due to his defeat of a Muslim force near Paris.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

The economic base of the Abbasid Caliphate lay in:

Accepted Answer

A)  the Tigris-Euphrates basin of Mesopotamia. 
B)  the Nile Delta. 
C)  Syria and Lebanon. 
D)  Anatolia, in modern-day Turkey. 
E)  its capital, Constantinople. 
A)  the Tigris-Euphrates basin of Mesopotamia. 
B)  the Nile Delta. 
C)  Syria and Lebanon. 
D)  Anatolia, in modern-day Turkey. 
E)  its capital, Constantinople.

Question 16

As a Christian king responsible for ruling a Christian society,Charlemagne:

Accepted Answer

A)  was careful to observe the distinctions between religious and political authority established by Saint Augustine of Hippo. 
B)  placed the Frankish church under the control of the pope, while he ruled the kingdom politically. 
C)  took responsibility for reforming the religious life of his kingdom just as he reformed its government. 
D)  became a monk at the end of his life, thus ensuring his own salvation. 
E)  established his empire as a theocratic state ruled by the laws set forth in the Bible. 
A)  was careful to observe the distinctions between religious and political authority established by Saint Augustine of Hippo. 
B)  placed the Frankish church under the control of the pope, while he ruled the kingdom politically. 
C)  took responsibility for reforming the religious life of his kingdom just as he reformed its government. 
D)  became a monk at the end of his life, thus ensuring his own salvation. 
E)  established his empire as a theocratic state ruled by the laws set forth in the Bible.

Question 17

The stability of Byzantine government was the product of:

Accepted Answer

A)  a highly centralized palace government. 
B)  a predictable system of succession to the imperial throne. 
C)  an efficient bureaucracy. 
D)  regulated wages and prices. 
E)  a ruthlessly effective army. 
A)  a highly centralized palace government. 
B)  a predictable system of succession to the imperial throne. 
C)  an efficient bureaucracy. 
D)  regulated wages and prices. 
E)  a ruthlessly effective army.

Question 18

Explain how Justinian's conquest of the Mediterranean was both a success and a failure.

Accepted Answer

Justinian's rapid conquest of the Vandal

Question 19

Although the Iconoclastic Controversy was eventually resolved,its lasting effects included the:

Accepted Answer

A)  sale or handing over of Byzantine portraits to the Muslims. 
B)  destruction of nearly all pre-eighth-century religious art in the Byzantine Empire. 
C)  adoption of conservative clothing styles by nobles and common people. 
D)  gradual acceptance of religious diversity in the East. 
E)  banning of all monastic orders within the Byzantine Empire. 
A)  sale or handing over of Byzantine portraits to the Muslims. 
B)  destruction of nearly all pre-eighth-century religious art in the Byzantine Empire. 
C)  adoption of conservative clothing styles by nobles and common people. 
D)  gradual acceptance of religious diversity in the East. 
E)  banning of all monastic orders within the Byzantine Empire.

Question 20

How was the Carolingian dynasty established?

Accepted Answer

The Carolingians gained power by acting

Exam 7: Rome's Three Heirs 500-950

It is difficult to date the beginning of Byzantine history with precision because:

Muhammad wrote about his revelations in the Qu'ran.

How did the Islamic Empire disintegrate?

Islam is a religion without sacraments or priests.

Monasteries in the early Middle Ages were:

The Hijrah (Hegira)refers to the prophet Muhammad's move from:

By 1000,Vikings had reached North America.

The Shiite argued that only descendents of Muhammad and his daughter _________ could claim to rule legitimately.

The Iconoclastic Controversy of the eighth century C.E.was about:

Charlemagne reformed writing in his empire by:

A long-term result of Boniface anointing Pepin on behalf of the papacy was that:

One of the few rulers to successfully defend his lands against the Vikings was:

Compared to medieval Europe in the central Middle Ages (800-1100),the Islamic world was:

Charles Martel is regarded as one of the founders of the Frankish kingdom due to his defeat of a Muslim force near Paris.

The economic base of the Abbasid Caliphate lay in:

As a Christian king responsible for ruling a Christian society,Charlemagne:

The stability of Byzantine government was the product of:

Explain how Justinian's conquest of the Mediterranean was both a success and a failure.

Although the Iconoclastic Controversy was eventually resolved,its lasting effects included the:

How was the Carolingian dynasty established?

Early Civilizations

Peoples,Gods,and Empires: 1700-500 B.C.E

The Civilization of Greece 1000-400 B.C.E

The Greek World Expands 400-150 B.C.E

The Civilization of Ancient Rome

The Transformation of Rome

The Expansion of Europe 950-1100

The Consolidation of Europe 1100-1250

The Medieval World 1250-1350

Rebirth and Unrest 1350-1453

Innovation and Exploration 1453-1533

The Age of Dissent and Division 1500-1564

Europe in the Atlantic World 1550-1660

European Monarchies and Absolutism 1660-1725

The New Science of the Seventeenth Century

Europe during the Enlightenment

The French Revolution

The Industrial Revolution and Nineteenth-Century Society

The Age of Ideologies: Europe in the Aftermath of Revolution 1815-1848

Revolutions and Nation Building 1848-1871

Imperialism and Colonialism 1870-1914

Modern Industry and Mass Politics 1870-1914

The First World War

Turmoil between the Wars

The Second World War

The Cold War World: Global Politics,Economic Recovery,and Cultural Change

Red Flags and Velvet Revolutions: The End of the Cold War 1960-1990

A World without Walls: Globalization and the West

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