Exam 12: Innovation and Exploration 1453-1533

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In the long history of slavery in Western civilization,the basic patterns of slavery were not racialized (in other words,directly related to ethnicity or skin color)until:

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Leonardo da Vinci considered artists to be skilled craftsmen.

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In what ways did Leonardo da Vinci represent the ideal "Renaissance man"?

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Leonardo was a painter,an architect,a musician,a mathematician,an engineer,and an inventor and,in this way,fulfilled the requirements of a "Renaissance man" as a man who was accomplished in many pursuits,who was cultured,and who was courteous.Da Vinci symbolized what was expected of a great man in the Renaissance as well as the changes taking place in the Renaissance.His ability to succeed in finding patrons in spite of his status as the illegitimate son of a notary reflected the social mobility of the Renaissance and the increasing worth of artistic and intellectual production.Leonardo's understanding of his craft as a creator of art,rather than a hired technician,also reflected a new understanding of the place and purpose of art in the Renaissance.His devotion to nature was also a passion of the Renaissance and enabled him to create pieces that accurately reflected not only the physical world,but also the emotion and psychological reactions of his subjects.

European colonists on Hispaniola turned to cattle raising and sugar production because there was no gold to be found in the mines.

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Thomas More's Utopia was a(n):

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Ferdinand and Isabella's decision to sponsor Columbus's voyage was spurred by:

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Ivan the Great gave further substance to the idea that Muscovy was the heir to Rome after the fall of Constantinople by:

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The infusion of silver into the European economy was ultimately disastrous.

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In their voyages along the west coast of Africa,the Portuguese were initially in search of:

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Under Ferdinand and Isabella,the conversos (Jews who had converted to Christianity)had all the same privileges as those who had been born into Christian families.

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Raphael's School of Athens is of interest in part because:

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How was the conquest of the Aztec Empire achieved?

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One important difference between the Italian Renaissance and the Northern Renaissance that followed was the northern:

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Castiglione's description of the "Renaissance man" as accomplished,witty,cultured,and stylish was:

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Beginning in the 1440s,design changes in Portuguese caravels allowed them to:

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The most lucrative export of the Spanish colonies in Central and South America was:

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Sculpture during the Renaissance broke with the recent past in that statuary:

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In what ways did Erasmus embody the ideals of the Northern Renaissance?

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The ars nova introduced _________ lyrics and music into the liturgy of the Mass during the Renaissance.

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Italian painters of the fifteenth century mastered:

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