Question 1

Although much admired in many segments of the population,Voltaire's forthrightness kept him in trouble and even got him a short stay in prison in the:

Accepted Answer

A)  Fontainebleau. 
B)  Bastille. 
C)  Frontenac. 
D)  Louvre. 
E)  le Havre. 
A)  Fontainebleau. 
B)  Bastille. 
C)  Frontenac. 
D)  Louvre. 
E)  le Havre. B

Question 2

Even with the literacy rate that Europe enjoyed,formal schooling remained an unattained goal.For example,by the end of the eighteenth century in Russia,only _________ out of a population of 40 million had attended any kind of school.

Accepted Answer

A)  12,000 
B)  22,000 
C)  32,000 
D)  42,000 
E)  62,000 
A)  12,000 
B)  22,000 
C)  32,000 
D)  42,000 
E)  62,000 B

Question 3

The genesis of the Enlightenment may be found in the:

Accepted Answer

A)  Protestant Reformation of the sixteenth century. 
B)  Catholic Reformation of the seventeenth century. 
C)  scientific revolution of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. 
D)  writings of Voltaire and Rousseau. 
E)  art of the High Renaissance. 
A)  Protestant Reformation of the sixteenth century. 
B)  Catholic Reformation of the seventeenth century. 
C)  scientific revolution of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. 
D)  writings of Voltaire and Rousseau. 
E)  art of the High Renaissance. C

Question 4

In his novel Emile,Jean-Jacques Rousseau argued that:

Accepted Answer

A)  children are by nature good and are equal in their capacity to learn. 
B)  children should be taught to use reason very early in life. 
C)  women ought to have the same education as men. 
D)  the state should be responsible for creating an elaborate system of public education. 
E)  children are selfish by nature and need to be restrained and taught by rote. 
A)  children are by nature good and are equal in their capacity to learn. 
B)  children should be taught to use reason very early in life. 
C)  women ought to have the same education as men. 
D)  the state should be responsible for creating an elaborate system of public education. 
E)  children are selfish by nature and need to be restrained and taught by rote.

Question 5

The Enlightenment was not only a western European trend in thinking,but also found in central and southern Europe.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

The philosophes of the Enlightenment,as exemplified by Voltaire,particularly admired England because of:

Accepted Answer

A)  the deistic position taken by the Church of England. 
B)  the literary genius of Chaucer, Shakespeare, and Fielding. 
C)  its constitutional monarchy and policy of religious toleration. 
D)  the continued success and expansion of its mercantile empire. 
E)  the support by the Church of scholarly research at Oxford and Cambridge. 
A)  the deistic position taken by the Church of England. 
B)  the literary genius of Chaucer, Shakespeare, and Fielding. 
C)  its constitutional monarchy and policy of religious toleration. 
D)  the continued success and expansion of its mercantile empire. 
E)  the support by the Church of scholarly research at Oxford and Cambridge.

Question 7

Literacy rates were highest in the country where industry was slower and communities were closer to enable education and the borrowing of books.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

In his essay,"What Is Enlightenment?," Immanuel Kant compared humanity's intellectual history to:

Accepted Answer

A)  a morality play. 
B)  a recursive mathematical formula 
C)  the growth of a child. 
D)  a dawning spiritual awareness. 
E)  its economic and social development. 
A)  a morality play. 
B)  a recursive mathematical formula 
C)  the growth of a child. 
D)  a dawning spiritual awareness. 
E)  its economic and social development.

Question 9

Although the majority of people possessed few books,at most a Bible and one or two other religious works,it appears now that literacy rates were much higher than had previously been believed,perhaps as high as _________ percent for men and _________ percent for women in European urban centers.

Accepted Answer

A)  85; 60 
B)  70; 30 
C)  55; 25 
D)  40; 20 
E)  20; 10 
A)  85; 60 
B)  70; 30 
C)  55; 25 
D)  40; 20 
E)  20; 10

Question 10

Although much exploration was carried out by the French and the English,people from many other nations participated in the exploration of the New World.One of these,_________,was hailed by Charles Darwin as "the greatest scientific traveler who ever lived."

Accepted Answer

A)  Moses Mendelssohn 
B)  Paul Henri d'Holbach 
C)  Immanuel Kant 
D)  Gotthold Lessing 
E)  Alexander von Humboldt 
A)  Moses Mendelssohn 
B)  Paul Henri d'Holbach 
C)  Immanuel Kant 
D)  Gotthold Lessing 
E)  Alexander von Humboldt

Question 11

In the war against its American colonists,Britain found itself opposed also by:

Accepted Answer

A)  France and Russia. 
B)  France and Spain. 
C)  the Netherlands and Spain. 
D)  Russia, France, and Spain. 
E)  France, Spain, and the Netherlands. 
A)  France and Russia. 
B)  France and Spain. 
C)  the Netherlands and Spain. 
D)  Russia, France, and Spain. 
E)  France, Spain, and the Netherlands.

Question 12

Which of the following statements best expresses the philosophes' attitude toward slavery?

Accepted Answer

A)  Slavery corrupted its victims, and so slaves were not ready for freedom. 
B)  Slavery was compatible only with a society based on paternalism and deference. 
C)  All slavery is inhuman, and governments ought to take steps to eradicate it immediately. 
D)  Slavery was uneconomical and contrary to laissez-faire principles. 
E)  Slavery was justified by ancient practice and by the Bible and should, therefore, be allowed everywhere Europeans ruled. 
A)  Slavery corrupted its victims, and so slaves were not ready for freedom. 
B)  Slavery was compatible only with a society based on paternalism and deference. 
C)  All slavery is inhuman, and governments ought to take steps to eradicate it immediately. 
D)  Slavery was uneconomical and contrary to laissez-faire principles. 
E)  Slavery was justified by ancient practice and by the Bible and should, therefore, be allowed everywhere Europeans ruled.

Question 13

The Enlightenment battle cry of "Écrasez l'infâme" best represents the ideas of:

Accepted Answer

A)  Denis Diderot. 
B)  Immanuel Kant. 
C)  Jean-Jacques Rousseau. 
D)  François Marie Arouet (Voltaire). 
E)  John Locke. 
A)  Denis Diderot. 
B)  Immanuel Kant. 
C)  Jean-Jacques Rousseau. 
D)  François Marie Arouet (Voltaire). 
E)  John Locke.

Question 14

John Locke is best known today as a political philosopher,but in the eighteenth century he was better known for his studies of:

Accepted Answer

A)  thermodynamics. 
B)  sociology. 
C)  human knowledge. 
D)  morals and ethics. 
E)  medicine. 
A)  thermodynamics. 
B)  sociology. 
C)  human knowledge. 
D)  morals and ethics. 
E)  medicine.

Question 15

Which of the following rulers did not attempt at least some enlightened reforms inspired by the philosophes?

Accepted Answer

A)  Maria-Theresa 
B)  Catherine the Great 
C)  Joseph II 
D)  Louis XV 
E)  Frederick the Great 
A)  Maria-Theresa 
B)  Catherine the Great 
C)  Joseph II 
D)  Louis XV 
E)  Frederick the Great

Question 16

What was the impact of the exploration of the Pacific world on Europe?

Accepted Answer

The exploration of the Pacific figured g

Question 17

Of the few Enlightenment thinkers who were atheists,the most famous was:

Accepted Answer

A)  Voltaire. 
B)  Moses Mendelssohn. 
C)  Gotthold Lessing. 
D)  Baron de Montesquieu. 
E)  Paul-Henri d'Holbach. 
A)  Voltaire. 
B)  Moses Mendelssohn. 
C)  Gotthold Lessing. 
D)  Baron de Montesquieu. 
E)  Paul-Henri d'Holbach.

Question 18

A philosophe may be defined as an individual who was a(n):

Accepted Answer

A)  freethinker. 
B)  trained philosopher. 
C)  ordained cleric. 
D)  member of the nobility. 
E)  philosopher by avocation. 
A)  freethinker. 
B)  trained philosopher. 
C)  ordained cleric. 
D)  member of the nobility. 
E)  philosopher by avocation.

Question 19

According to Lessing,religion is authentic or true only insofar as it makes the believer virtuous.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Mary Wollstonecraft agreed with Jean-Jacques Rousseau in all of the following respects EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  a hatred of monarchy. 
B)  fervent advocacy of virtue and moral autonomy. 
C)  a specialized program of female education. 
D)  a hostility to great disparities of status or wealth. 
E)  a commitment to the precepts of nature. 
A)  a hatred of monarchy. 
B)  fervent advocacy of virtue and moral autonomy. 
C)  a specialized program of female education. 
D)  a hostility to great disparities of status or wealth. 
E)  a commitment to the precepts of nature.

Exam 17: Europe during the Enlightenment

Although much admired in many segments of the population,Voltaire's forthrightness kept him in trouble and even got him a short stay in prison in the:

Even with the literacy rate that Europe enjoyed,formal schooling remained an unattained goal.For example,by the end of the eighteenth century in Russia,only _________ out of a population of 40 million had attended any kind of school.

The genesis of the Enlightenment may be found in the:

In his novel Emile,Jean-Jacques Rousseau argued that:

The Enlightenment was not only a western European trend in thinking,but also found in central and southern Europe.

The philosophes of the Enlightenment,as exemplified by Voltaire,particularly admired England because of:

Literacy rates were highest in the country where industry was slower and communities were closer to enable education and the borrowing of books.

In his essay,"What Is Enlightenment?," Immanuel Kant compared humanity's intellectual history to:

Although the majority of people possessed few books,at most a Bible and one or two other religious works,it appears now that literacy rates were much higher than had previously been believed,perhaps as high as _________ percent for men and _________ percent for women in European urban centers.

Although much exploration was carried out by the French and the English,people from many other nations participated in the exploration of the New World.One of these,_________,was hailed by Charles Darwin as "the greatest scientific traveler who ever lived."

In the war against its American colonists,Britain found itself opposed also by:

Which of the following statements best expresses the philosophes' attitude toward slavery?

The Enlightenment battle cry of "Écrasez l'infâme" best represents the ideas of:

John Locke is best known today as a political philosopher,but in the eighteenth century he was better known for his studies of:

Which of the following rulers did not attempt at least some enlightened reforms inspired by the philosophes?

What was the impact of the exploration of the Pacific world on Europe?

Of the few Enlightenment thinkers who were atheists,the most famous was:

A philosophe may be defined as an individual who was a(n):

According to Lessing,religion is authentic or true only insofar as it makes the believer virtuous.

Mary Wollstonecraft agreed with Jean-Jacques Rousseau in all of the following respects EXCEPT:

Early Civilizations

Peoples,Gods,and Empires: 1700-500 B.C.E

The Civilization of Greece 1000-400 B.C.E

The Greek World Expands 400-150 B.C.E

The Civilization of Ancient Rome

The Transformation of Rome

Rome's Three Heirs 500-950

The Expansion of Europe 950-1100

The Consolidation of Europe 1100-1250

The Medieval World 1250-1350

Rebirth and Unrest 1350-1453

Innovation and Exploration 1453-1533

The Age of Dissent and Division 1500-1564

Europe in the Atlantic World 1550-1660

European Monarchies and Absolutism 1660-1725

The New Science of the Seventeenth Century

The French Revolution

The Industrial Revolution and Nineteenth-Century Society

The Age of Ideologies: Europe in the Aftermath of Revolution 1815-1848

Revolutions and Nation Building 1848-1871

Imperialism and Colonialism 1870-1914

Modern Industry and Mass Politics 1870-1914

The First World War

Turmoil between the Wars

The Second World War

The Cold War World: Global Politics,Economic Recovery,and Cultural Change

Red Flags and Velvet Revolutions: The End of the Cold War 1960-1990

A World without Walls: Globalization and the West

Filters

Although the majority of people possessed few books,at most a Bible and one or two other religious works,it appears now that literacy rates were much higher than had previously been believed,perhaps as high as _ percent for men and _ percent for women in European urban centers.