Question 1

What is meant by the term antiparallel?

Accepted Answer

The two chains in a double-stranded nucleic acid are connected in opposite directions in terms of $5 ^ { \prime } - 3`$ orientation.

Question 2

All other factors being equal, the renaturation of the three classes of complementary nucleic acid sequences occurs in what order, from fastest to slowest?

Accepted Answer

highly repetitive, moderately repetitive, unique sequences

Question 3

List three forms of DNA.

Accepted Answer

A-DNA, B-DNA, and Z-DNA

Question 4

In the 1860s, a Swiss chemist, Friedrich Miescher, isolated an acidic substance from cell nuclei. What was the name of this substance, and what was its significance?

Accepted Answer

nuclein, c

Question 5

G and C are present in both DNA and RNA.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Present an overview of two classical experiments that demonstrated that DNA is the genetic material. Can RNA be the genetic material? Explain.

Accepted Answer

(1) Transformation in bacteria (Griffith

Question 7

What type of chemical bond holds the two strands together in double-stranded DNA?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What type of chemical bond holds the...

Question 8

Provide an overview of the structure of Z-DNA.

Accepted Answer

left-handed helix with two ant

Question 9

When considering the structure of DNA, we would say that complementary strands are antiparallel.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Assume that the molar percentage of thymine in a double-stranded DNA is 20. What are the percentages of the four bases (G, C, T,
A)? If the DNA is single-stranded, would you change your answer?

Accepted Answer

G = 30%, C = 30%, T

Question 11

In ribose, the 2′ C has an OH attached to it.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

(a) Assume that A + T/G + C equals 0.5 in one strand of DNA. What is the ratio of these bases in the complementary strand? (b) If A + G/T + C equals 0.5 in one strand, what is the ratio of these bases in the complementary strand?

Accepted Answer

The answer of (a) Assume that A + T/G +...

Question 13

At what approximate wavelengths do DNA, RNA, and proteins maximally absorb light?

Accepted Answer

260 nm, 26

Question 14

In RNA, uracil is present instead of the thymine in DNA.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Is the accompanying figure DNA or RNA? ________ Is the arrow closest to the 5′ or 3′ end? ________ Spleen diesterase is an enzyme that breaks the covalent bond that connects the phosphate to the 5′ carbon. Assume that the dinucleotide is digested with spleen diesterase. To which base and to which carbon on the sugar is the phosphate now attached, A or T?

Accepted Answer

A)  DNA; 3′ end; T, 5′ 
B)  RNA; 3′ end; A, 3′ 
C)  DNA; 5′ end; A, 5′ 
D)  DNA; 3′ end; A, 3′ 
E)  RNA; 3′ end; T, 3′ 
A)  DNA; 3′ end; T, 5′ 
B)  RNA; 3′ end; A, 3′ 
C)  DNA; 5′ end; A, 5′ 
D)  DNA; 3′ end; A, 3′ 
E)  RNA; 3′ end; T, 3′

Question 16

In an analysis of the nucleotide composition of double-stranded DNA to see which bases are equivalent in concentration, which of the following would be true?

Accepted Answer

A)  A = C 
B)  A = G and C = T 
C)  A + C = G + T 
D)  A + T = G + C 
E)  A = G and C = T and A + C = G + T are both true. 
A)  A = C 
B)  A = G and C = T 
C)  A + C = G + T 
D)  A + T = G + C 
E)  A = G and C = T and A + C = G + T are both true.

Question 17

Describe four major functions of DNA in a cell.

Accepted Answer

replication = duplication of g

Question 18

In the classic experiment conducted by Hershey and Chase, why was the pellet radioactive in the centrifuge tube that contained bacteria with viruses?

Accepted Answer

A)  The bacteria were in the pellet, and they had incorporated radioactive proteins into their cell membranes. 
B)  The radioactive viruses (coats plus DN
A)  were in the pellet. 
C)  The bacteria were in the pellet, and many contained the radioactive viral DNA. 
D)  The radioactive protein coats of the viruses were in the pellet. 
E)  The radioactive viruses were in the pellet, and the bacteria were in the supernatant. 
A)  The bacteria were in the pellet, and they had incorporated radioactive proteins into their cell membranes. 
B)  The radioactive viruses (coats plus DN
A)  were in the pellet. 
C)  The bacteria were in the pellet, and many contained the radioactive viral DNA. 
D)  The radioactive protein coats of the viruses were in the pellet. 
E)  The radioactive viruses were in the pellet, and the bacteria were in the supernatant.

Question 19

Name the pyrimidines and the purines in DNA.

Accepted Answer

pyrimidines: cytosin

Question 20

Explain how and why the following circumstances influence characteristics of temperature-induced DNA melting.
a) Percentage of GC base pairs
b) Urea (forms hydrogen bonds with bases)
c) Sodium chloride (neutralizes negatively charged phosphates)

Accepted Answer

GC pairs are composed of three hydrogen

Exam 10: DNA Structure and Analysis

What is meant by the term antiparallel?

All other factors being equal, the renaturation of the three classes of complementary nucleic acid sequences occurs in what order, from fastest to slowest?

List three forms of DNA.

In the 1860s, a Swiss chemist, Friedrich Miescher, isolated an acidic substance from cell nuclei. What was the name of this substance, and what was its significance?

G and C are present in both DNA and RNA.

Present an overview of two classical experiments that demonstrated that DNA is the genetic material. Can RNA be the genetic material? Explain.

What type of chemical bond holds the two strands together in double-stranded DNA?

Provide an overview of the structure of Z-DNA.

When considering the structure of DNA, we would say that complementary strands are antiparallel.

Assume that the molar percentage of thymine in a double-stranded DNA is 20. What are the percentages of the four bases (G, C, T, A)? If the DNA is single-stranded, would you change your answer?

In ribose, the 2′ C has an OH attached to it.

(a) Assume that A + T/G + C equals 0.5 in one strand of DNA. What is the ratio of these bases in the complementary strand? (b) If A + G/T + C equals 0.5 in one strand, what is the ratio of these bases in the complementary strand?

At what approximate wavelengths do DNA, RNA, and proteins maximally absorb light?

In RNA, uracil is present instead of the thymine in DNA.

In an analysis of the nucleotide composition of double-stranded DNA to see which bases are equivalent in concentration, which of the following would be true?

Describe four major functions of DNA in a cell.

In the classic experiment conducted by Hershey and Chase, why was the pellet radioactive in the centrifuge tube that contained bacteria with viruses?

Name the pyrimidines and the purines in DNA.

Explain how and why the following circumstances influence characteristics of temperature-induced DNA melting. a) Percentage of GC base pairs b) Urea (forms hydrogen bonds with bases) c) Sodium chloride (neutralizes negatively charged phosphates)

Introduction to Genetics

Mitosis and Meiosis

Mendelian Genetics

Extensions of Mendelian Genetics

Chromosome Mapping in Eukaryotes

Genetic Analysis and Mapping in Bacteria and Bacteriophages

Sex Determination and Sex Chromosomes

Chromosome Mutations: Variation in Number and Arrangement

Extranuclear Inheritance

DNA Replication and Recombination

DNA Organization in Chromosomes

The Genetic Code and Transcription

Translation and Proteins

Gene Mutation, Dna Repair, and Transposition

Regulation of Gene Expression in Prokaryotes

Regulation of Gene Expression in Eukaryotes

Developmental Genetics

Cancer and Regulation of the Cell Cycle

Recombinant Dna Technology

Genomics, Bioinformatics, and Proteomics

Applications and Ethics of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology

Quantitative Genetics and Multifactorial Traits

Neurogenetics

Population and Evolutionary Genetics

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