Question 1

An example of organelle heredity involves pigmentation in Mirabilis jalapa.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 2

What is the meaning of the term endosymbiotic theory?

Accepted Answer

The endosymbiotic theory states that mitochondria and chloroplasts arose independently about 2 billion years ago from free-living proteobacteria.

Question 3

Forms of inheritance that do not follow typical Mendelian patterns and that appear to be more influenced by the parent contributing the most cytoplasm to the embryo are grouped under the general heading of ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  sex-linked inheritance 
B)  neo-Mendelian inheritance 
C)  extrachromosomal inheritance 
D)  suppressive inheritance 
E)  dominance and/or recessiveness 
A)  sex-linked inheritance 
B)  neo-Mendelian inheritance 
C)  extrachromosomal inheritance 
D)  suppressive inheritance 
E)  dominance and/or recessiveness C

Question 4

Direction of shell coiling in Lymnaea peregra is influenced by a maternal effect.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

The maternal effect in Lymnaea is such that the genotype of the egg determines the direction of shell coiling regardless of the genotype of the offspring. Apparently, the cause of this spectacular maternal effect results from ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  orientation of the spindle apparatus in early cleavage 
B)  genophores present in the egg cytoplasm 
C)  the F factor exerting its influence on the centrosome 
D)  colicins "poisoning" one of the cleavage centers 
E)  allelic substitution as demonstrated from RNA injection experiments 
A)  orientation of the spindle apparatus in early cleavage 
B)  genophores present in the egg cytoplasm 
C)  the F factor exerting its influence on the centrosome 
D)  colicins "poisoning" one of the cleavage centers 
E)  allelic substitution as demonstrated from RNA injection experiments

Question 6

In what way do segregational petite mutations differ from neutral petites?

Accepted Answer

Segregational petites follow M

Question 7

The genes for light eyes (lt; light) and straw bristles (stw; straw) are tightly linked on chromosome 2 in Drosophila melanogaster. The Malpighian tubes of lt larvae and adults are maternally affected in that Malpighian tubes of lt/lt organisms, whose mothers were lt+/lt and have more yellow pigment than those from lt/lt mothers. There is no maternal effect associated with the straw locus. Give the phenotypes of the offspring from the following crosses.
Female Male
Cross #1: lt stw/lt stw lt+stw+/lt stw
Cross #2: lt+ stw/lt stw lt stw+/lt stw
Cross #3: lt+ stw+/lt stw lt stw/lt stw

Accepted Answer

Cross #1: 1/2 light Malpighian

Question 8

In what way do chloroplast mutations influence phenotype?

Accepted Answer

Chloroplast mutations affect t

Question 9

Describe the molecular and transmission characteristics of Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON).

Accepted Answer

maternal inheritance

Question 10

It appears as if the direction of shell coiling in Lymnaea peregra is influenced by the orientation of the first cleavage division.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

List three organisms that provide examples of organelle heredity.

Accepted Answer

Homo sapiens, Mirabi

Question 12

Why is variegation in four o'clock plants determined by the phenotype of the ovule source?

Accepted Answer

The chloroplasts determine the

Question 13

Name two human disorders that appear to be transmitted extrachromosomally.

Accepted Answer

myoclonic epilepsy a

Question 14

Direction of shell coiling in the snail Lymnaea peregra is conditioned by a form of extrachromosomal inheritance known as ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  sex-linked inheritance 
B)  heteroplasmy 
C)  maternal effect 
D)  independent assortment 
E)  epistasis 
A)  sex-linked inheritance 
B)  heteroplasmy 
C)  maternal effect 
D)  independent assortment 
E)  epistasis

Question 15

Mitochondrial mutations are passed equally to offspring by both males and females.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

One explanation for organelle inheritance is that ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  mitochondria and chloroplasts lack DNA and are therefore dependent on the maternal cytoplasmic contributions 
B)  mitochondria and chloroplasts have DNA that is subject to mutation 
C)  organelles such as mitochondria are always wild type 
D)  chloroplasts, for example, are completely dependent on the nuclear genome for components 
E)  None of the answers listed are correct. 
A)  mitochondria and chloroplasts lack DNA and are therefore dependent on the maternal cytoplasmic contributions 
B)  mitochondria and chloroplasts have DNA that is subject to mutation 
C)  organelles such as mitochondria are always wild type 
D)  chloroplasts, for example, are completely dependent on the nuclear genome for components 
E)  None of the answers listed are correct.

Question 17

Researchers in the late 1950s isolated multiple antibiotic-resistant strains of the bacterium Shigella, which causes dysentery. Such resistance was caused by nonchromosomal R factors that originated in E. coli. Which of the following forms of extrachromosomal heredity-maternal effect, organelle heredity, infectious heredity-would you consider most closely related to the transfer bacterial antibiotic-resistant strains?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Researchers in the late 1950s isolated multiple...

Question 18

Through the study of mitochondrial disorders, scientists have suggested a link between the decline of mitochondrial function and aging. What process appears to be involved in this suspected phenomenon?

Accepted Answer

A)  accumulation of sporadic mutations in the nuclear genome 
B)  decline of mutations in the nuclear genome 
C)  accumulation of mutations in the mtDNA 
D)  recombination of mtDNA and nuclear DNA 
E)  recombination among mtDNAs of different mitochondria 
A)  accumulation of sporadic mutations in the nuclear genome 
B)  decline of mutations in the nuclear genome 
C)  accumulation of mutations in the mtDNA 
D)  recombination of mtDNA and nuclear DNA 
E)  recombination among mtDNAs of different mitochondria

Question 19

What is the expression pattern of dominant-negative mutations in petite strains of yeast?

Accepted Answer

A)  Expression of wild-type mitochondria is enhanced. 
B)  Expression of mutant mitochondria resembles expression of wild-type mitochondria. 
C)  Mitochondria show enhanced capacity of oxidative phosphorylation. 
D)  The function of wild-type mitochondria is suppressed. 
E)  Mitochondrial membranes become hyperpolarized. 
A)  Expression of wild-type mitochondria is enhanced. 
B)  Expression of mutant mitochondria resembles expression of wild-type mitochondria. 
C)  Mitochondria show enhanced capacity of oxidative phosphorylation. 
D)  The function of wild-type mitochondria is suppressed. 
E)  Mitochondrial membranes become hyperpolarized.

Question 20

Which three classes of macromolecules are encoded by mtDNA?

Accepted Answer

proteins,

Exam 9: Extranuclear Inheritance

An example of organelle heredity involves pigmentation in Mirabilis jalapa.

What is the meaning of the term endosymbiotic theory?

Forms of inheritance that do not follow typical Mendelian patterns and that appear to be more influenced by the parent contributing the most cytoplasm to the embryo are grouped under the general heading of ________.

Direction of shell coiling in Lymnaea peregra is influenced by a maternal effect.

The maternal effect in Lymnaea is such that the genotype of the egg determines the direction of shell coiling regardless of the genotype of the offspring. Apparently, the cause of this spectacular maternal effect results from ________.

In what way do segregational petite mutations differ from neutral petites?

In what way do chloroplast mutations influence phenotype?

Describe the molecular and transmission characteristics of Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON).

It appears as if the direction of shell coiling in Lymnaea peregra is influenced by the orientation of the first cleavage division.

List three organisms that provide examples of organelle heredity.

Why is variegation in four o'clock plants determined by the phenotype of the ovule source?

Name two human disorders that appear to be transmitted extrachromosomally.

Direction of shell coiling in the snail Lymnaea peregra is conditioned by a form of extrachromosomal inheritance known as ________.

Mitochondrial mutations are passed equally to offspring by both males and females.

One explanation for organelle inheritance is that ________.

Through the study of mitochondrial disorders, scientists have suggested a link between the decline of mitochondrial function and aging. What process appears to be involved in this suspected phenomenon?

What is the expression pattern of dominant-negative mutations in petite strains of yeast?

Which three classes of macromolecules are encoded by mtDNA?

Introduction to Genetics

Mitosis and Meiosis

Mendelian Genetics

Extensions of Mendelian Genetics

Chromosome Mapping in Eukaryotes

Genetic Analysis and Mapping in Bacteria and Bacteriophages

Sex Determination and Sex Chromosomes

Chromosome Mutations: Variation in Number and Arrangement

DNA Structure and Analysis

DNA Replication and Recombination

DNA Organization in Chromosomes

The Genetic Code and Transcription

Translation and Proteins

Gene Mutation, Dna Repair, and Transposition

Regulation of Gene Expression in Prokaryotes

Regulation of Gene Expression in Eukaryotes

Developmental Genetics

Cancer and Regulation of the Cell Cycle

Recombinant Dna Technology

Genomics, Bioinformatics, and Proteomics

Applications and Ethics of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology

Quantitative Genetics and Multifactorial Traits

Neurogenetics

Population and Evolutionary Genetics

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