Exam 6: Genetic Analysis and Mapping in Bacteria and Bacteriophages

Name the term used to describe the phenomenon in which a bacteriophage genome incorporates its genome into the chromosome of the host.

A symbiotic relationship between a phage and a bacterium apparently occurs in the process of lysogeny.

Bacteriophages engage in two interactive cycles with bacteria. What are these cycles?

Bacteriophages that cannot undergo lysogeny but can infect bacteria are called ________.

Explain what is meant by the term heteroduplex in the context of bacterial transformation.

In general, what two methods are used to grow bacteria in the laboratory?

A plaque is a substance that causes mutation in bacteria.

Bacteria that are in a particular physiological state to become transformed are called ________.

To produce recombinants in bacteria, one crossover is better than two.

What is the role of the F factor in bacterial recombination?

R plasmids often contain genes for antibody production.

In a bacterial cross in which the donor (Hfr) is a⁺b⁺ and the recipient strain (F^-) is a^-b^-, it is expected that recombinant bacteria will all be a⁺b^+.

Assume that the gene trpA in an auxotrophic strain of E. coli is located at 27 minutes, whereas the gene pyrE is located at 81 minutes. a) How are minutes arrived at in this context? b) Present an experimental scheme that would allow you to convert one of the auxotrophic strains to a prototrophic strain.

Distinguish between F⁺ and F^- bacteria.

How does an auxotroph differ from a prototroph?

Max Delbrück presented the first evidence that bacteria are capable of spontaneous mutation. What is the name of the test that Delbrück used to demonstrate this phenomenon?

Assume that one counted 67 plaques on a bacterial plate where 0.1 ml of a 10^-5 dilution of phage was added to bacterial culture. What is the initial concentration of the undiluted phage?

A form of bacterial recombination that involves a viral intermediate is called ________.

Lysogeny is an important phenomenon in bacteria and phages. Briefly describe lysogeny (using labeled diagrams if helpful).

Name the typical phases of the bacterial growth cycle in liquid culture medium.