Question 1

Julian Rotter's social learning theory focuses primarily on

Accepted Answer

A)  drives. 
B)  drive reduction. 
C)  decision making. 
D)  reciprocal determinism. 
A)  drives. 
B)  drive reduction. 
C)  decision making. 
D)  reciprocal determinism.

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT considered a shortcoming of classic behaviorism?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is largely based on research with animals. 
B)  It ignores the social aspects of learning. 
C)  It doesn't explain how people can differ in their behaviors. 
D)  It treats its subjects as passive. 
A)  It is largely based on research with animals. 
B)  It ignores the social aspects of learning. 
C)  It doesn't explain how people can differ in their behaviors. 
D)  It treats its subjects as passive.

Question 3

Compare and contrast Mischel's cognitive-affect personality system (CAPS) model with Carol Dweck's Beliefs, Emotions, and Action Tendencies (BEATS) model. What do they have in common? What makes the theories unique?

Accepted Answer

Mischel's cognitive-affect personality s

Question 4

Mrs. Khoury enjoys running the office. She likes telling other employees what to do and strives to be promoted to vice president of her company. According to McClelland's view of motivations, Mrs. Khoury is high in ________ motivation.

Accepted Answer

A)  narcissism 
B)  affiliation 
C)  power 
D)  dominance 
A)  narcissism 
B)  affiliation 
C)  power 
D)  dominance

Question 5

According to distinctions between types of idiographic goals, a ________ is something you think about, whereas a ________ is something you do.

Accepted Answer

A)  judgment goal; development goal 
B)  current concern; personal project 
C)  long-term goal; short-term goal 
D)  personal project; current concern 
A)  judgment goal; development goal 
B)  current concern; personal project 
C)  long-term goal; short-term goal 
D)  personal project; current concern

Question 6

The attempt to determine how behavior is connected to the environment is called

Accepted Answer

A)  behavioral linking. 
B)  empiricism. 
C)  associationism. 
D)  functional analysis. 
A)  behavioral linking. 
B)  empiricism. 
C)  associationism. 
D)  functional analysis.

Question 7

In Pavlov's famous studies, when the presentation of meat was frequently preceded by the sound of a bell, dogs

Accepted Answer

A)  refused to eat the meat. 
B)  began to salivate at the sound of the bell. 
C)  showed fear responses to the bell. 
D)  salivated only when given the meat. 
A)  refused to eat the meat. 
B)  began to salivate at the sound of the bell. 
C)  showed fear responses to the bell. 
D)  salivated only when given the meat.

Question 8

Steven believes that intelligence and ability can change with experience. Steven has a(n) ________ theory of ability.

Accepted Answer

A)  entity 
B)  incremental 
C)  schematic 
D)  flexible 
A)  entity 
B)  incremental 
C)  schematic 
D)  flexible

Question 9

What two important ideas are combined in Mischel's cognitive-affective personality system (CAPS)?

Accepted Answer

A)  An individual's belief may matter more than reality, and individuals have completely stable personality traits. 
B)  Observation is the most important source of learning, and individuals have completely stable personality traits. 
C)  Observation is the most important source of learning, and the personality system has multiple tracks. 
D)  An individual's belief may matter more than reality, and the personality system has multiple components that often interact. 
A)  An individual's belief may matter more than reality, and individuals have completely stable personality traits. 
B)  Observation is the most important source of learning, and individuals have completely stable personality traits. 
C)  Observation is the most important source of learning, and the personality system has multiple tracks. 
D)  An individual's belief may matter more than reality, and the personality system has multiple components that often interact.

Question 10

Charles is reluctant to go to a party where he knows he won't know many people. Based on Bandura's prescription of self-change, Charles should ________ if he wants to change his level of social anxiety.

Accepted Answer

A)  stay home and adjust slowly 
B)  force himself to go to the party 
C)  go to the party but only talk to people he knows well 
D)  go to the party but only if he really wants to 
A)  stay home and adjust slowly 
B)  force himself to go to the party 
C)  go to the party but only talk to people he knows well 
D)  go to the party but only if he really wants to

Question 11

Match the theory or model with its associated behaviorist.
-Walter Mischel

Accepted Answer

A) S-R association theory 
B) If … then contingency model 
C) Social learning theory 
D) Operant conditioning model 
E) Beliefs, Emotions, and Action Tendencies (BEATS) model 
A) S-R association theory 
B) If … then contingency model 
C) Social learning theory 
D) Operant conditioning model 
E) Beliefs, Emotions, and Action Tendencies (BEATS) model

Question 12

All of the following are primary goals proposed by David McClelland EXCEPT a need for

Accepted Answer

A)  achievement. 
B)  autonomy. 
C)  affiliation. 
D)  power. 
A)  achievement. 
B)  autonomy. 
C)  affiliation. 
D)  power.

Question 13

Match each definition with its type of goal.
-Personal strivings

Accepted Answer

A) Goals that everyone has 
B) Goals to improve oneself 
C) Goals that are long term and can organize broad areas of a person's life 
D) Goals that are specific to the individual 
E) Goals to validate an attribute in oneself 
A) Goals that everyone has 
B) Goals to improve oneself 
C) Goals that are long term and can organize broad areas of a person's life 
D) Goals that are specific to the individual 
E) Goals to validate an attribute in oneself

Question 14

Bandura's ________ has proven to be the MOST influential of his ideas.

Accepted Answer

A)  specific approach to psychotherapy 
B)  emphasis on observational learning 
C)  locus of control 
D)  discovery of if ... then contingencies 
A)  specific approach to psychotherapy 
B)  emphasis on observational learning 
C)  locus of control 
D)  discovery of if ... then contingencies

Question 15

According to Bandura, what two components influence an individual's impression of what they are capable of doing and who they are?

Accepted Answer

A)  self-efficacy and self-concept 
B)  personality traits and personal life goals 
C)  social support and self-esteem 
D)  intelligence and level of diligence 
A)  self-efficacy and self-concept 
B)  personality traits and personal life goals 
C)  social support and self-esteem 
D)  intelligence and level of diligence

Question 16

According to Mischel, what is the MOST important aspect of personality and cognition?

Accepted Answer

A)  Personality traits are subordinate to cognitive processes. 
B)  Cognitive processes are subordinate to personality traits. 
C)  The interaction between the many systems of personality and cognition is most important. 
D)  Systems of personality and cognition operate in a serial process. 
A)  Personality traits are subordinate to cognitive processes. 
B)  Cognitive processes are subordinate to personality traits. 
C)  The interaction between the many systems of personality and cognition is most important. 
D)  Systems of personality and cognition operate in a serial process.

Question 17

Methods for pursuing goals in life and organizing a wide range of activities are known as

Accepted Answer

A)  schemas. 
B)  expectancies. 
C)  scripts. 
D)  strategies. 
A)  schemas. 
B)  expectancies. 
C)  scripts. 
D)  strategies.

Question 18

Operant conditioning emphasizes ________, whereas respondent conditioning emphasizes ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  active learning; passive learning 
B)  punishment; reward 
C)  an animal's learning ability; a human's learning ability 
D)  effects on one's physical world; effects on one's social world 
A)  active learning; passive learning 
B)  punishment; reward 
C)  an animal's learning ability; a human's learning ability 
D)  effects on one's physical world; effects on one's social world

Question 19

The causes of behavior from operant conditioning

Accepted Answer

A)  can only be unconscious. 
B)  can only be conscious. 
C)  can be both conscious and unconscious. 
D)  are similar to psychoanalysis. 
A)  can only be unconscious. 
B)  can only be conscious. 
C)  can be both conscious and unconscious. 
D)  are similar to psychoanalysis.

Question 20

The idea that, in time, you can get used to almost anything is associated with which learning mechanism?

Accepted Answer

A)  habituation 
B)  classical conditioning 
C)  operant conditioning 
D)  respondent conditioning 
A)  habituation 
B)  classical conditioning 
C)  operant conditioning 
D)  respondent conditioning

Julian Rotter's social learning theory focuses primarily on

Which of the following is NOT considered a shortcoming of classic behaviorism?

Compare and contrast Mischel's cognitive-affect personality system (CAPS) model with Carol Dweck's Beliefs, Emotions, and Action Tendencies (BEATS) model. What do they have in common? What makes the theories unique?

Mrs. Khoury enjoys running the office. She likes telling other employees what to do and strives to be promoted to vice president of her company. According to McClelland's view of motivations, Mrs. Khoury is high in ________ motivation.

According to distinctions between types of idiographic goals, a is something you think about, whereas a is something you do.

The attempt to determine how behavior is connected to the environment is called

In Pavlov's famous studies, when the presentation of meat was frequently preceded by the sound of a bell, dogs

Steven believes that intelligence and ability can change with experience. Steven has a(n) ________ theory of ability.

What two important ideas are combined in Mischel's cognitive-affective personality system (CAPS)?

Charles is reluctant to go to a party where he knows he won't know many people. Based on Bandura's prescription of self-change, Charles should ________ if he wants to change his level of social anxiety.

Match the theory or model with its associated behaviorist. -Walter Mischel

All of the following are primary goals proposed by David McClelland EXCEPT a need for

Match each definition with its type of goal. -Personal strivings

Bandura's ________ has proven to be the MOST influential of his ideas.

According to Bandura, what two components influence an individual's impression of what they are capable of doing and who they are?

According to Mischel, what is the MOST important aspect of personality and cognition?

Methods for pursuing goals in life and organizing a wide range of activities are known as

Operant conditioning emphasizes , whereas respondent conditioning emphasizes .

The causes of behavior from operant conditioning

The idea that, in time, you can get used to almost anything is associated with which learning mechanism?

The Study of the Person

Personality Research Methods

Personality Assessment: Effect Size, Replicability, and Open Science

Persons and Situations

Personality Judgment

Traits and Types: the Big Five and Beyond

Personality Stability, Development, and Change

The Anatomy and Physiology of Personality

Genetics and Evolution: the Inheritance of Personality

Basics of Psychoanalysis

Psychoanalysis After Freud: Neo-Freudians, Object Relations, and Current Research

Humanistic Psychology, Positive Psychology, and the Science of Happiness

Cultural Variation in Experience, Behavior, and Personality

The Self: What You Know About You

Relationships and Business

Mental and Physical Health

What Have We Learned

Filters

Exam 14: Personality Processes: Learning, Motivation, Emotion, and Thinking

Julian Rotter's social learning theory focuses primarily on

Which of the following is NOT considered a shortcoming of classic behaviorism?

Compare and contrast Mischel's cognitive-affect personality system (CAPS) model with Carol Dweck's Beliefs, Emotions, and Action Tendencies (BEATS) model. What do they have in common? What makes the theories unique?

Mrs. Khoury enjoys running the office. She likes telling other employees what to do and strives to be promoted to vice president of her company. According to McClelland's view of motivations, Mrs. Khoury is high in ________ motivation.

According to distinctions between types of idiographic goals, a ________ is something you think about, whereas a ________ is something you do.

The attempt to determine how behavior is connected to the environment is called

In Pavlov's famous studies, when the presentation of meat was frequently preceded by the sound of a bell, dogs

Steven believes that intelligence and ability can change with experience. Steven has a(n) ________ theory of ability.

What two important ideas are combined in Mischel's cognitive-affective personality system (CAPS)?

Charles is reluctant to go to a party where he knows he won't know many people. Based on Bandura's prescription of self-change, Charles should ________ if he wants to change his level of social anxiety.

Match the theory or model with its associated behaviorist. -Walter Mischel

All of the following are primary goals proposed by David McClelland EXCEPT a need for

Match each definition with its type of goal. -Personal strivings

Bandura's ________ has proven to be the MOST influential of his ideas.

According to Bandura, what two components influence an individual's impression of what they are capable of doing and who they are?

According to Mischel, what is the MOST important aspect of personality and cognition?

Methods for pursuing goals in life and organizing a wide range of activities are known as

Operant conditioning emphasizes ________, whereas respondent conditioning emphasizes ________.

The causes of behavior from operant conditioning

The idea that, in time, you can get used to almost anything is associated with which learning mechanism?

The Study of the Person

Personality Research Methods

Personality Assessment: Effect Size, Replicability, and Open Science

Persons and Situations

Personality Judgment

Traits and Types: the Big Five and Beyond

Personality Stability, Development, and Change

The Anatomy and Physiology of Personality

Genetics and Evolution: the Inheritance of Personality

Basics of Psychoanalysis

Psychoanalysis After Freud: Neo-Freudians, Object Relations, and Current Research

Humanistic Psychology, Positive Psychology, and the Science of Happiness

Cultural Variation in Experience, Behavior, and Personality

The Self: What You Know About You

Relationships and Business

Mental and Physical Health

What Have We Learned

Filters

According to distinctions between types of idiographic goals, a is something you think about, whereas a is something you do.

Operant conditioning emphasizes , whereas respondent conditioning emphasizes .