Question 1

Why might we expect vertically transmitted endosymbionts to have smaller genomes than their free-living relatives?

Accepted Answer

Vertically transmitted endosymbionts, su

Question 2

Which statement does the following figure support?

Accepted Answer

A)  Mitochondria are capable of living outside of eukaryotic hosts. 
B)  Mitochondria evolved from Pelagibacteraceae. 
C)  Mitochondria are more closely related to marine Pelagibacteraceae than they are to the disease-causing Rickettsiaceae. 
D)  all of the above 
A)  Mitochondria are capable of living outside of eukaryotic hosts. 
B)  Mitochondria evolved from Pelagibacteraceae. 
C)  Mitochondria are more closely related to marine Pelagibacteraceae than they are to the disease-causing Rickettsiaceae. 
D)  all of the above

Question 3

Which of the following describes the relationship between a zebra and its intestinal bacteria and archaea?

Accepted Answer

A)  commensalism 
B)  mutualism 
C)  predation 
D)  parasitism 
A)  commensalism 
B)  mutualism 
C)  predation 
D)  parasitism

Question 4

What preliminary evidence suggests that coevolution may be a driving factor of speciation in Joshua trees?

Accepted Answer

A)  Within the range of the Joshua tree, it is pollinated by two different moths. 
B)  When Tegeticula synthetica and T. antithetica diverged from a common ancestor, each specialized on only one population of Joshua tree. 
C)  Joshua tree flower morphology has diverged as a result of moth speciation. 
D)  b and c 
E)  a, b, and c 
A)  Within the range of the Joshua tree, it is pollinated by two different moths. 
B)  When Tegeticula synthetica and T. antithetica diverged from a common ancestor, each specialized on only one population of Joshua tree. 
C)  Joshua tree flower morphology has diverged as a result of moth speciation. 
D)  b and c 
E)  a, b, and c

Question 5

Coevolutionary alteration is likely to occur when

Accepted Answer

A)  interactions are mutualistic. 
B)  parasite and host populations exert negative frequency-dependent selection on one another, if the parasite has the option of switching to another host species. 
C)  host populations are under stabilizing selection. 
D)  a single host is available to parasites. 
A)  interactions are mutualistic. 
B)  parasite and host populations exert negative frequency-dependent selection on one another, if the parasite has the option of switching to another host species. 
C)  host populations are under stabilizing selection. 
D)  a single host is available to parasites.

Question 6

The type of genetic material that can move around the genome is called

Accepted Answer

A)  a mobile genetic element. 
B)  a mutagen. 
C)  a trans-acting element. 
D)  a pseudogene. 
A)  a mobile genetic element. 
B)  a mutagen. 
C)  a trans-acting element. 
D)  a pseudogene.

Question 7

Organelles that function in energy conversion, which are endosymbionts in eukaryotic cells, include

Accepted Answer

A)  mitochondria. 
B)  chloroplasts. 
C)  flagella. 
D)  a and b 
E)  a, b, and c 
A)  mitochondria. 
B)  chloroplasts. 
C)  flagella. 
D)  a and b 
E)  a, b, and c

Question 8

When Sandra Anderson and her colleagues studied fruit set of Rhabdothamnus solandri on the mainland and on the island, why was it important to measure fruit set when flowers were hand pollinated?

Accepted Answer

When Sandra Anderson and her colleagues

Question 9

Which of the following is true regarding the evolution of photosynthetic organisms?

Accepted Answer

A)  Photosynthesis in green algae likely evolved from primary endosymbiosis of a photosynthetic bacteria. 
B)  Photosynthetic protozoans likely evolved from secondary endosymbiosis of a photosynthetic red algae. 
C)  A lineage of photosynthetic green algae evolved into land plants. 
D)  all of the above 
E)  none of the above 
A)  Photosynthesis in green algae likely evolved from primary endosymbiosis of a photosynthetic bacteria. 
B)  Photosynthetic protozoans likely evolved from secondary endosymbiosis of a photosynthetic red algae. 
C)  A lineage of photosynthetic green algae evolved into land plants. 
D)  all of the above 
E)  none of the above

Question 10

Which of the following best explains why rabbit myxoma virus in Australia became less virulent over time?

Accepted Answer

A)  Opportunities for pathogen transmission decreased. 
B)  Infected rabbits lived longer. 
C)  More virulent strains replicated less within the host. 
D)  a and b 
E)  a and c 
A)  Opportunities for pathogen transmission decreased. 
B)  Infected rabbits lived longer. 
C)  More virulent strains replicated less within the host. 
D)  a and b 
E)  a and c

Question 11

Which of the following is an example of antagonistic coevolution driving up the number of species in a clade?

Accepted Answer

A)  rabbits and the myxoma virus 
B)  butterfly larvae and milkweed plants 
C)  Joshua tree and yucca moths 
D)  ants and plants that produce elaiosomes 
A)  rabbits and the myxoma virus 
B)  butterfly larvae and milkweed plants 
C)  Joshua tree and yucca moths 
D)  ants and plants that produce elaiosomes

Question 12

Based on Anderson and Johnson's conclusions regarding the evolution of tongue length in long-tongued flies, which of the following would be expected?

Accepted Answer

A)  A study demonstrates that in populations with shorter tongues, other nectar sources have very long nectar tubes. 
B)  A behavioral study demonstrates that flies in populations with shorter average tongue lengths spend more time visiting other flowers than visiting Zaluzianskya flowers. 
C)  A study of available flowers in the population with the longest average tongue length reveals that no other nectar sources besides Zaluzianskya are available. 
D)  a and c 
E)  b and c 
A)  A study demonstrates that in populations with shorter tongues, other nectar sources have very long nectar tubes. 
B)  A behavioral study demonstrates that flies in populations with shorter average tongue lengths spend more time visiting other flowers than visiting Zaluzianskya flowers. 
C)  A study of available flowers in the population with the longest average tongue length reveals that no other nectar sources besides Zaluzianskya are available. 
D)  a and c 
E)  b and c

Question 13

Imagine that parasite pressure is similarly high across Drosophila melanogaster's range, but different geographic areas differ in the amount of food typically available (high food versus low food). In what regions is higher resistance to parasitism likely, and why?

Accepted Answer

Higher resistance to parasitism is likel

Question 14

What have scientists discovered about the aster leafhopper endosymbionts, Nasuia and Sulcia?

Accepted Answer

A)  Nasuia and Sulcia can live outside of aster leafhoppers. 
B)  Nasuia and Sulcia produce amino acids that are not found in the sap of the host plant, but that are needed by the leafhopper. 
C)  Nasuia and Sulcia have lost most of the genes required for free-living bacteria to survive. 
D)  a and b 
E)  b and c 
A)  Nasuia and Sulcia can live outside of aster leafhoppers. 
B)  Nasuia and Sulcia produce amino acids that are not found in the sap of the host plant, but that are needed by the leafhopper. 
C)  Nasuia and Sulcia have lost most of the genes required for free-living bacteria to survive. 
D)  a and b 
E)  b and c

Question 15

Which of the following is true of Müllerian versus Batesian mimicry?

Accepted Answer

A)  Under Müllerian mimicry, the two species converge on the same phenotype because the more similar they are, the more beneficial it is for both species involved. 
B)  Under Batesian mimicry, the model species should be under selective pressure to evolve away from its mimic phenotypically. 
C)  Under Batesian mimicry, the more similar the model is to the mimic, the less effective the warning coloration because predators will encounter some prey that are not toxic. 
D)  all of the above 
A)  Under Müllerian mimicry, the two species converge on the same phenotype because the more similar they are, the more beneficial it is for both species involved. 
B)  Under Batesian mimicry, the model species should be under selective pressure to evolve away from its mimic phenotypically. 
C)  Under Batesian mimicry, the more similar the model is to the mimic, the less effective the warning coloration because predators will encounter some prey that are not toxic. 
D)  all of the above

Question 16

Please describe three pieces of evidence that suggest that mitochondria are derived from free-living bacteria.

Accepted Answer

1. Mitochondria have their own DNA: Mito

Question 17

Describe how parasites may exert negative frequency-dependent selection on their hosts.

Accepted Answer

Parasites can exert negative frequency-d

Question 18

What are endogenous retroviruses?

Accepted Answer

A)  RNA viruses that use reverse transcriptase to become part of the host cell's DNA 
B)  DNA viruses that use reverse transcriptase to become part of the host cell's DNA 
C)  RNA viruses that live inside a host 
D)  viral elements descended from retroviruses that have become a permanent part of a host's genome 
A)  RNA viruses that use reverse transcriptase to become part of the host cell's DNA 
B)  DNA viruses that use reverse transcriptase to become part of the host cell's DNA 
C)  RNA viruses that live inside a host 
D)  viral elements descended from retroviruses that have become a permanent part of a host's genome

Question 19

Considering potential trade-offs between replication within hosts and transmission between hosts, would you expect parasites/pathogens to evolve to be more virulent if they are transmitted vertically (parent to offspring through reproduction) or horizontally (individual to individual)? Explain.

Accepted Answer

Parasites/pathogens are likely to evolve

Why might we expect vertically transmitted endosymbionts to have smaller genomes than their free-living relatives?

Which statement does the following figure support?

Which of the following describes the relationship between a zebra and its intestinal bacteria and archaea?

What preliminary evidence suggests that coevolution may be a driving factor of speciation in Joshua trees?

Coevolutionary alteration is likely to occur when

The type of genetic material that can move around the genome is called

Organelles that function in energy conversion, which are endosymbionts in eukaryotic cells, include

When Sandra Anderson and her colleagues studied fruit set of Rhabdothamnus solandri on the mainland and on the island, why was it important to measure fruit set when flowers were hand pollinated?

Which of the following is true regarding the evolution of photosynthetic organisms?

Which of the following best explains why rabbit myxoma virus in Australia became less virulent over time?

Which of the following is an example of antagonistic coevolution driving up the number of species in a clade?

Based on Anderson and Johnson's conclusions regarding the evolution of tongue length in long-tongued flies, which of the following would be expected?

Imagine that parasite pressure is similarly high across Drosophila melanogaster's range, but different geographic areas differ in the amount of food typically available (high food versus low food). In what regions is higher resistance to parasitism likely, and why?

What have scientists discovered about the aster leafhopper endosymbionts, Nasuia and Sulcia?

Which of the following is true of Müllerian versus Batesian mimicry?

Please describe three pieces of evidence that suggest that mitochondria are derived from free-living bacteria.

Describe how parasites may exert negative frequency-dependent selection on their hosts.

What are endogenous retroviruses?

Considering potential trade-offs between replication within hosts and transmission between hosts, would you expect parasites/pathogens to evolve to be more virulent if they are transmitted vertically (parent to offspring through reproduction) or horizontally (individual to individual)? Explain.

The Whale and the Virus: How Scientists Study Evolution

From Natural Philosophy to Darwin: a Brief History of Evolutionary Ideas

What the Rocks Say: How Geology and Paleontology Reveal the History of Life

The Tree of Life: How Biologists Use Phylogeny to Reconstruct the Deep Past

Raw Material: Heritable Variation Among Individuals

The Ways of Change: Drift and Selection

Beyond Alleles: Quantitative Genetics and the Evolution of Phenotypes

The History in Our Genes

From Genes to Traits: the Evolution of Genetic Networks and Development

Natural Selection: Empirical Studies in the Wild

Sex: Causes and Consequences

After Conception: the Evolution of Life History and Parental Care

The Origin of Species

Macroevolution: the Long Run

Brains and Behavior

Human Evolution: a New Kind of Ape

Evolutionary Medicine

Filters

Exam 15: Intimate Partnerships: How Species Adapt to Each Other

Why might we expect vertically transmitted endosymbionts to have smaller genomes than their free-living relatives?

Which statement does the following figure support?

Which of the following describes the relationship between a zebra and its intestinal bacteria and archaea?

What preliminary evidence suggests that coevolution may be a driving factor of speciation in Joshua trees?

Coevolutionary alteration is likely to occur when

The type of genetic material that can move around the genome is called

Organelles that function in energy conversion, which are endosymbionts in eukaryotic cells, include

When Sandra Anderson and her colleagues studied fruit set of Rhabdothamnus solandri on the mainland and on the island, why was it important to measure fruit set when flowers were hand pollinated?

Which of the following is true regarding the evolution of photosynthetic organisms?

Which of the following best explains why rabbit myxoma virus in Australia became less virulent over time?

Which of the following is an example of antagonistic coevolution driving up the number of species in a clade?

Based on Anderson and Johnson's conclusions regarding the evolution of tongue length in long-tongued flies, which of the following would be expected?

Imagine that parasite pressure is similarly high across Drosophila melanogaster's range, but different geographic areas differ in the amount of food typically available (high food versus low food). In what regions is higher resistance to parasitism likely, and why?

What have scientists discovered about the aster leafhopper endosymbionts, Nasuia and Sulcia?

Which of the following is true of Müllerian versus Batesian mimicry?

Please describe three pieces of evidence that suggest that mitochondria are derived from free-living bacteria.

Describe how parasites may exert negative frequency-dependent selection on their hosts.

What are endogenous retroviruses?

Considering potential trade-offs between replication within hosts and transmission between hosts, would you expect parasites/pathogens to evolve to be more virulent if they are transmitted vertically (parent to offspring through reproduction) or horizontally (individual to individual)? Explain.

The Whale and the Virus: How Scientists Study Evolution

From Natural Philosophy to Darwin: a Brief History of Evolutionary Ideas

What the Rocks Say: How Geology and Paleontology Reveal the History of Life

The Tree of Life: How Biologists Use Phylogeny to Reconstruct the Deep Past

Raw Material: Heritable Variation Among Individuals

The Ways of Change: Drift and Selection

Beyond Alleles: Quantitative Genetics and the Evolution of Phenotypes

The History in Our Genes

From Genes to Traits: the Evolution of Genetic Networks and Development

Natural Selection: Empirical Studies in the Wild

Sex: Causes and Consequences

After Conception: the Evolution of Life History and Parental Care

The Origin of Species

Macroevolution: the Long Run

Brains and Behavior

Human Evolution: a New Kind of Ape

Evolutionary Medicine

Filters