Exam 6: Learning

When a desired behavior increases it is most likely being ____.

In Pavlov's experiment,the food powder presented right after the ticking sound naturally triggered the dog's salivary reflex.Pavlov called this unlearned act of drooling a(n)____.

A useful extinction technique is the "____," in which misbehaving children are removed for a short period of time from sources of positive reinforcement.

According to the author,pigs' foraging behavior pattern of rooting precludes them from learning certain types of behavior.This inability is an example of ____.

The ____ theory contends that people learn social behaviors mainly through observation,rather than through direct experience.

What are innately reinforcing because they satisfy some biological need?

Robert Rescorla and Allan Wagner proposed a general rule of classical conditioning which states that a previously ____ will lead to a conditioned response whenever it provides the organism with information about the upcoming unconditioned stimulus.

The first set of experiments demonstrating the power of observational learning in eliciting aggression were the famous ____.

Overall,research on the acquisition of conditioned responses tells us that organisms are ____ in this process.

John's parents promise him a prize if he finishes reading 20 books.John reads the first 19 books without reinforcement because he knows that the payoff will occur when the last book is completed.Which type of partial reinforcement schedule is being discussed here?

When using shaping,behaviorists reinforce ____.

Psychologist John Watson was concerned with ____.

Every time Deborah answers her teacher's questions correctly,she does not have to see her teacher frown and,therefore,avoids an aversive condition.This is an example of ____.

Jake's parents are nagging him to turn down the stereo because they are watching the evening news.After a couple of minutes,Jake responds by turning down the volume.Which of the following is the noxious stimulus in this example?

The smell of pine needles elicits pleasant thoughts from your memory.The scent reminds you of your childhood and Christmastime,and all the presents and tasty food available at this time of the year.These fond recollections stem from ____.

Discuss the concept of reinforcement and provide an example.

What occurs when an organism gives a conditioned response to the conditioned stimulus but not to stimuli similar to it?

A ____ increases the probability of the behavior it follows.

____ schedules lead to the highest rates of responding,the shortest pauses following reinforcement,and the greatest resistance to extinction.

In a Skinner box,a moderate electric shock administered through the floor grid often serves as a ____.