Question 1

Which of the following is a phenomenon in which an antiserum directed against one HLA determinant reacts with other HLA antigenic determinants?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cross reactivity 
B)  Linkage disequilibrium 
C)  Recombination 
D)  Conversion 
A)  Cross reactivity 
B)  Linkage disequilibrium 
C)  Recombination 
D)  Conversion A

Question 2

Which MHC region encodes for complement proteins?

Accepted Answer

A)  Class I 
B)  Class II 
C)  Class III 
D)  None of the above 
A)  Class I 
B)  Class II 
C)  Class III 
D)  None of the above C

Question 3

The genetic region that contains surface antigens or receptors responsible for the recognition and elimination of foreign tissues is referred to as:

Accepted Answer

A)  D-related locus. 
B)  major histocompatibility complex. 
C)  deoxyribonucleic acid. 
D)  complement-dependent microlymphocytotoxicity. 
A)  D-related locus. 
B)  major histocompatibility complex. 
C)  deoxyribonucleic acid. 
D)  complement-dependent microlymphocytotoxicity. B

Question 4

Which of the following specificities designates the HLA-C gene?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cd 
B)  Ci 
C)  Cp 
D)  Cw 
A)  Cd 
B)  Ci 
C)  Cp 
D)  Cw

Question 5

In HLA testing, what is the purpose of mineral oil contained in the testing well?

Accepted Answer

A)  To prevent evaporation of antisera during incubation 
B)  To create a viscous microenvironment 
C)  To act as an antigen-antibody complex potentiator 
D)  To provide height to the testing well 
A)  To prevent evaporation of antisera during incubation 
B)  To create a viscous microenvironment 
C)  To act as an antigen-antibody complex potentiator 
D)  To provide height to the testing well

Question 6

How are monoclonal HLA antibodies (MoAbs) produced?

Accepted Answer

A)  The fusion of HLA antibody, producing B cells with plasmacytoma lines 
B)  The fusion of HLA antibody, producing T cells with plasmacytoma lines 
C)  The fusion of HLA antibody, producing B cells with neuroblastoma lines 
D)  The fusion of HLA antibody, producing T cells with neuroblastoma lines 
A)  The fusion of HLA antibody, producing B cells with plasmacytoma lines 
B)  The fusion of HLA antibody, producing T cells with plasmacytoma lines 
C)  The fusion of HLA antibody, producing B cells with neuroblastoma lines 
D)  The fusion of HLA antibody, producing T cells with neuroblastoma lines

Question 7

Why is histocompatibility testing negated in both lung and heart transplants?

Accepted Answer

A)  The donor must be living to perform HLA testing. 
B)  The cold ischemic time is too short. 
C)  The cold ischemic time is too long. 
D)  None of the above 
A)  The donor must be living to perform HLA testing. 
B)  The cold ischemic time is too short. 
C)  The cold ischemic time is too long. 
D)  None of the above

Question 8

Patients who have been presensitized to HLA antigens have a much higher graft survival rate in liver transplantation than nonsensitized patients.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Why are T cells unacceptable for cytotoxicity testing using fluorescent labeling?

Accepted Answer

A)  T cells are not involved in cytotoxicity testing. 
B)  T cells do not adhere to nylon wool. 
C)  T cells lack immunoglobulin on their surface. 
D)  The suppressor activity of T cells renders the membrane protein inaccessible to the label antibody 
A)  T cells are not involved in cytotoxicity testing. 
B)  T cells do not adhere to nylon wool. 
C)  T cells lack immunoglobulin on their surface. 
D)  The suppressor activity of T cells renders the membrane protein inaccessible to the label antibody

Question 10

Between which two loci are recombination (crossing over) most likely to occur?

Accepted Answer

A)  HLA-A and HLA-B 
B)  HLA-DR and HLA-DP 
C)  HLA-B and HLA-C 
D)  HLA-A and HLA-DP 
A)  HLA-A and HLA-B 
B)  HLA-DR and HLA-DP 
C)  HLA-B and HLA-C 
D)  HLA-A and HLA-DP

Question 11

What is placed between the gene name and the numerical identifier for the allele to differentiate between the gene nomenclature and HLA serologic reactivity?

Accepted Answer

A)  Asterisk 
B)  Comma 
C)  Colon 
D)  Dash 
A)  Asterisk 
B)  Comma 
C)  Colon 
D)  Dash

Question 12

How are the heavy chains of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) classes I and II molecules transported into the cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

A)  Heavy chains are transported via extracellular fluid. 
B)  Heavy chains are inserted through the membrane via hydrophobic residues. 
C)  Heavy chains are inserted through the membrane via hydrophilic residues. 
D)  Heavy chains are adsorbed onto the membrane via semipermeable methods. 
A)  Heavy chains are transported via extracellular fluid. 
B)  Heavy chains are inserted through the membrane via hydrophobic residues. 
C)  Heavy chains are inserted through the membrane via hydrophilic residues. 
D)  Heavy chains are adsorbed onto the membrane via semipermeable methods.

Question 13

A common technique used for HLA class II typing that involves amplification of specific DNA sequences for hybridization is called:

Accepted Answer

A)  complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CD
C) . 
B)  mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR). 
C)  polymerase chain reaction (PCR). 
D)  lymphocytotoxicity. 
A)  complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CD
C) . 
B)  mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR). 
C)  polymerase chain reaction (PCR). 
D)  lymphocytotoxicity.

Question 14

What is the most important step for increasing the number of bone marrow transplants performed?

Accepted Answer

A)  Expand the donor pool to include related individuals. 
B)  Expand the donor pool to include unrelated individuals. 
C)  Expand the donor pool to include both related and unrelated individuals. 
D)  None of the above 
A)  Expand the donor pool to include related individuals. 
B)  Expand the donor pool to include unrelated individuals. 
C)  Expand the donor pool to include both related and unrelated individuals. 
D)  None of the above

Question 15

All of the following diseases have been associated with a significant HLA correlation except:

Accepted Answer

A)  narcolepsy. 
B)  ankylosing spondylitis. 
C)  Fanconi's anemia. 
D)  Goodpasture's syndrome. 
A)  narcolepsy. 
B)  ankylosing spondylitis. 
C)  Fanconi's anemia. 
D)  Goodpasture's syndrome.

Question 16

What is the most important pretransplant test performed on the recipient in a heart transplantation?

Accepted Answer

A)  HLA-crossmatch 
B)  Red blood cell antibody screen 
C)  HLA-antibody screen 
D)  Red blood cell-crossmatch 
A)  HLA-crossmatch 
B)  Red blood cell antibody screen 
C)  HLA-antibody screen 
D)  Red blood cell-crossmatch

Question 17

The surface marker, or antigen, detected in histocompatibility testing of a single individual is referred to as HLA:

Accepted Answer

A)  phenotype. 
B)  genotype. 
C)  haplotype. 
D)  karyotype. 
A)  phenotype. 
B)  genotype. 
C)  haplotype. 
D)  karyotype.

Question 18

Which of the following is an example of linkage disequilibrium?

Accepted Answer

A)  The actual occurrence of haplotype HLA-B7 and HLA-Cw5 is 6%; the expected occurrence based on gene frequencies is 5%. 
B)  The actual occurrence of haplotype HLA-C4 and HLA-B37 is 3%; the expected occurrence based on gene frequencies is 4%. 
C)  The actual occurrence of haplotype HLA-A1 and HLA-B8 is 8%; the expected occurrence based on gene frequencies is 2%. 
D)  The actual occurrence of haplotype HLA-A11 and HLA-DR4 is 8%; the expected occurrence based on gene frequencies is 7%. 
A)  The actual occurrence of haplotype HLA-B7 and HLA-Cw5 is 6%; the expected occurrence based on gene frequencies is 5%. 
B)  The actual occurrence of haplotype HLA-C4 and HLA-B37 is 3%; the expected occurrence based on gene frequencies is 4%. 
C)  The actual occurrence of haplotype HLA-A1 and HLA-B8 is 8%; the expected occurrence based on gene frequencies is 2%. 
D)  The actual occurrence of haplotype HLA-A11 and HLA-DR4 is 8%; the expected occurrence based on gene frequencies is 7%.

Question 19

A double-lung transplant is indicated in which of the following disorders?

Accepted Answer

A)  Pneumonia 
B)  Pulmonary fibrosis 
C)  Primary hypertension 
D)  Cystic fibrosis 
A)  Pneumonia 
B)  Pulmonary fibrosis 
C)  Primary hypertension 
D)  Cystic fibrosis

Question 20

A platelet recipient whose HLA phenotype includes A3, B7; A11, B42 is transfused from a A1, B7; A3, B13 donor. Given the following CREG (Cross-Reactive Groups), what would you expect the outcome of this transfusion to be? A1-CREG: A1,36,3,9(23,24),10(25,26,34,66),11, 19(29,30,31,32,33)28 B7-CREG: B7,42,22(54,55,56),27,40(60,61)13,41,47,48

Accepted Answer

A)  The donor would experience platelet refractoriness because A3 and A11 and B13 and B42 are not cross-reactive. 
B)  The donor would benefit from this transfusion because A3 and A11 and B13 and B42 are cross-reactive. 
C)  The recipient would experience platelet refractoriness because A3 and A11 and B13 and B42 are not cross-reactive. 
D)  The recipient would benefit from this transfusion because A3 and A11 and B13 and B42 are cross-reactive. 
A)  The donor would experience platelet refractoriness because A3 and A11 and B13 and B42 are not cross-reactive. 
B)  The donor would benefit from this transfusion because A3 and A11 and B13 and B42 are cross-reactive. 
C)  The recipient would experience platelet refractoriness because A3 and A11 and B13 and B42 are not cross-reactive. 
D)  The recipient would benefit from this transfusion because A3 and A11 and B13 and B42 are cross-reactive.

Exam 23: The Hla System

Which of the following is a phenomenon in which an antiserum directed against one HLA determinant reacts with other HLA antigenic determinants?

Which MHC region encodes for complement proteins?

The genetic region that contains surface antigens or receptors responsible for the recognition and elimination of foreign tissues is referred to as:

Which of the following specificities designates the HLA-C gene?

In HLA testing, what is the purpose of mineral oil contained in the testing well?

How are monoclonal HLA antibodies (MoAbs) produced?

Why is histocompatibility testing negated in both lung and heart transplants?

Patients who have been presensitized to HLA antigens have a much higher graft survival rate in liver transplantation than nonsensitized patients.

Why are T cells unacceptable for cytotoxicity testing using fluorescent labeling?

Between which two loci are recombination (crossing over) most likely to occur?

What is placed between the gene name and the numerical identifier for the allele to differentiate between the gene nomenclature and HLA serologic reactivity?

How are the heavy chains of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) classes I and II molecules transported into the cell membrane?

A common technique used for HLA class II typing that involves amplification of specific DNA sequences for hybridization is called:

What is the most important step for increasing the number of bone marrow transplants performed?

All of the following diseases have been associated with a significant HLA correlation except:

What is the most important pretransplant test performed on the recipient in a heart transplantation?

The surface marker, or antigen, detected in histocompatibility testing of a single individual is referred to as HLA:

Which of the following is an example of linkage disequilibrium?

A double-lung transplant is indicated in which of the following disorders?

Red Blood Cells and Platelet Preservation: Historical Perspectives and Current Trends

Basic Genetics

Fundamentals of Immunology

Concepts in Molecular Biology

The Antiglobulin Test

The Abo Blood Group System

The Rh Blood Group System

Blood Group Terminology and Common Blood Groups

Uncommon Blood Groups

Detection and Identification of Antibodies

Pre-Transfusion Testing

Blood Bank Technologies and Automation

Donor Selection

Transfusion-Transmitted Diseases

Component Preparation

Transfusion Therapy

Adverse Effects of Blood Transfusion

Apheresis

Cellular Therapy in the Transplant Setting

Hemolytic Disease of the Fetus and Newborn

Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemias

Tissue Banking As Part of the Transfusion Service

Relationship Testing

Quality Management

Patient Blood Management

Transfusion Safety and Federal Regulatory Requirements

Laboratory Information Systems in the Blood Bank

Medicolegal and Ethical Aspects of Providing Blood Collection and Transfusion Services

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