Question 1

Gel electrophoresis allows for:

Accepted Answer

A)  isolation of DNA fragments. 
B)  purification of DNA fragments. 
C)  visual examination of a defined-length DNA fragment. 
D)  all of the above. 
A)  isolation of DNA fragments. 
B)  purification of DNA fragments. 
C)  visual examination of a defined-length DNA fragment. 
D)  all of the above. D

Question 2

How does the Northern blotting technique differ from the Southern blotting technique?

Accepted Answer

A)  In the Northern blotting technique, RNA is detected instead of DNA. 
B)  Gel electrophoresis is not used in the Northern blotting technique. 
C)  In the Northern blotting technique, cDNAs are used in place of restriction endonucleases. 
D)  All of the above 
A)  In the Northern blotting technique, RNA is detected instead of DNA. 
B)  Gel electrophoresis is not used in the Northern blotting technique. 
C)  In the Northern blotting technique, cDNAs are used in place of restriction endonucleases. 
D)  All of the above A

Question 3

In the science of trans-blotting techniques, Southern is to DNA as Western is to:

Accepted Answer

A)  carbohydrates. 
B)  enzymes. 
C)  lipids. 
D)  proteins. 
A)  carbohydrates. 
B)  enzymes. 
C)  lipids. 
D)  proteins. D

Question 4

Which of the following best describes the principle of polymerase chain reaction (PCR)?

Accepted Answer

A)  Migration of proteins in an electrical field 
B)  Amplification of RNA using two oligonucleotide primers that hybridize to opposite DNA strands 
C)  Amplification of DNA using two oligonucleotide primers that hybridize to opposite DNA strands, isolating a particular segment 
D)  Enzymatic cleavage of proteins for DNA sequencing 
A)  Migration of proteins in an electrical field 
B)  Amplification of RNA using two oligonucleotide primers that hybridize to opposite DNA strands 
C)  Amplification of DNA using two oligonucleotide primers that hybridize to opposite DNA strands, isolating a particular segment 
D)  Enzymatic cleavage of proteins for DNA sequencing

Question 5

In performing gene cloning for blood group genes, what is a possible source of RNA?

Accepted Answer

A)  Lymphocytes 
B)  Reticulocytes 
C)  Neutrophils 
D)  Platelets 
A)  Lymphocytes 
B)  Reticulocytes 
C)  Neutrophils 
D)  Platelets

Question 6

In this procedure, PCR products are blotted in a nylon filter and hybridized with specific probes that allow the distinction of the different known alleles.

Accepted Answer

A)  Sequence-specific PCR 
B)  Sequence-specific oligonucleotide probe 
C)  Sequence-specific RFLP 
D)  Allele-specific PCR 
A)  Sequence-specific PCR 
B)  Sequence-specific oligonucleotide probe 
C)  Sequence-specific RFLP 
D)  Allele-specific PCR

Question 7

Gene transfer between two bacterial strains is an example of:

Accepted Answer

A)  Mendel's law. 
B)  Griffith's transformation. 
C)  Oswald's principle of heredity transformation. 
D)  Chargaff's rules. 
A)  Mendel's law. 
B)  Griffith's transformation. 
C)  Oswald's principle of heredity transformation. 
D)  Chargaff's rules.

Question 8

Which of the following are described as bacterial circular genetic elements that replicate independently from the chromosome and are capable of conferring bacterial resistance to certain antibiotics in DNA cloning?

Accepted Answer

A)  Introns 
B)  Extrons 
C)  Codons 
D)  Plasmids 
A)  Introns 
B)  Extrons 
C)  Codons 
D)  Plasmids

Question 9

What are ddNTPs?

Accepted Answer

A)  Deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates 
B)  Dideoxyribonucleoside triphosphates 
C)  Deaminase deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates 
D)  Dodecyl deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates 
A)  Deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates 
B)  Dideoxyribonucleoside triphosphates 
C)  Deaminase deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates 
D)  Dodecyl deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates

Question 10

Which of the following sequences is recognized by ecoRI?

Accepted Answer

A)  5'GAATTC3' 
B)  5'CTCTTG3' 
C)  5'CGCG3' 
D)  5'AGCT3' 
A)  5'GAATTC3' 
B)  5'CTCTTG3' 
C)  5'CGCG3' 
D)  5'AGCT3'

Question 11

All of the following are examples of vectors except:

Accepted Answer

A)  plasmids. 
B)  lambdas. 
C)  cosmids. 
D)  chirons. 
A)  plasmids. 
B)  lambdas. 
C)  cosmids. 
D)  chirons.

Question 12

Each type of tRNA molecule can be attached to only one type of amino acid, but because the genetic code contains multiple codons that specify the same amino acid, tRNA molecules bearing different anticodons may also carry the same amino acid.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

The process of translation and transcription is referred to as:

Accepted Answer

A)  the genetic code. 
B)  central dogma. 
C)  gene expression. 
D)  spectral analysis. 
A)  the genetic code. 
B)  central dogma. 
C)  gene expression. 
D)  spectral analysis.

Question 14

All of the following make up three branches of molecular biology related to transfusion medicine except:

Accepted Answer

A)  molecular genetics. 
B)  biotechnology. 
C)  molecular diagnostics. 
D)  paternity. 
A)  molecular genetics. 
B)  biotechnology. 
C)  molecular diagnostics. 
D)  paternity.

Question 15

Which of the following is representative of the "central dogma" of molecular biology?

Accepted Answer

A)  The basic information of life flows from DNA through RNA to proteins. 
B)  The basic information of life flows from RNA through DNA to proteins. 
C)  The basic information of life flows from proteins to genes. 
D)  The basic information of life flows from amino acids to proteins. 
A)  The basic information of life flows from DNA through RNA to proteins. 
B)  The basic information of life flows from RNA through DNA to proteins. 
C)  The basic information of life flows from proteins to genes. 
D)  The basic information of life flows from amino acids to proteins.

Question 16

Restriction endonucleases are characterized as being palindromic. What is meant by this term?

Accepted Answer

A)  The recognition sequence is read in the same 5' to 3' direction on both strands of the double helix. 
B)  The recognition sequence is read in the same 3' to 5' direction on both strands of the double helix. 
C)  The recognition sequence is read in the same 5' to 3' direction on one side of the double helix. 
D)  The recognition sequence is read in the same 3' to 5' direction on one side of the double helix. 
A)  The recognition sequence is read in the same 5' to 3' direction on both strands of the double helix. 
B)  The recognition sequence is read in the same 3' to 5' direction on both strands of the double helix. 
C)  The recognition sequence is read in the same 5' to 3' direction on one side of the double helix. 
D)  The recognition sequence is read in the same 3' to 5' direction on one side of the double helix.

Question 17

In this technique, fluorescent probes are used to detect homologous DNA or RNA sequences in chromosomes or intact cells.

Accepted Answer

A)  PCR 
B)  FISH 
C)  RFLP 
D)  DNA sequencing 
A)  PCR 
B)  FISH 
C)  RFLP 
D)  DNA sequencing

Question 18

All of the following are examples of recombinant proteins used in transfusion medicine except:

Accepted Answer

A)  G-CSF. 
B)  stem cell factor. 
C)  epoetin alpha. 
D)  factor VIII. 
A)  G-CSF. 
B)  stem cell factor. 
C)  epoetin alpha. 
D)  factor VIII.

Question 19

Which of the following is not consistent with the structure of DNA?

Accepted Answer

A)  The double helix consists of two strands of nucleotides, which are antiparallel. 
B)  At each turn of the helix, 10 base pairs are stacked on top of each other. 
C)  The double helix consists of two strands of nucleotides, which are parallel. 
D)  The helical ladder is built from alternating units of deoxyribose and phosphate. 
A)  The double helix consists of two strands of nucleotides, which are antiparallel. 
B)  At each turn of the helix, 10 base pairs are stacked on top of each other. 
C)  The double helix consists of two strands of nucleotides, which are parallel. 
D)  The helical ladder is built from alternating units of deoxyribose and phosphate.

Question 20

Which of the following is false regarding the Southern blotting technique?

Accepted Answer

A)  DNA is digested with one or more restriction endonucleases, and the fragments are separated by gel electrophoresis. 
B)  Gel is placed over a nitrocellulose membrane. 
C)  A labeled probe is used to detect bands of interest. 
D)  Membrane-bound fragments have different positions as the fragments separated by size on the gel electrophoresis. 
A)  DNA is digested with one or more restriction endonucleases, and the fragments are separated by gel electrophoresis. 
B)  Gel is placed over a nitrocellulose membrane. 
C)  A labeled probe is used to detect bands of interest. 
D)  Membrane-bound fragments have different positions as the fragments separated by size on the gel electrophoresis.

Exam 4: Concepts in Molecular Biology

Gel electrophoresis allows for:

How does the Northern blotting technique differ from the Southern blotting technique?

In the science of trans-blotting techniques, Southern is to DNA as Western is to:

Which of the following best describes the principle of polymerase chain reaction (PCR)?

In performing gene cloning for blood group genes, what is a possible source of RNA?

In this procedure, PCR products are blotted in a nylon filter and hybridized with specific probes that allow the distinction of the different known alleles.

Gene transfer between two bacterial strains is an example of:

Which of the following are described as bacterial circular genetic elements that replicate independently from the chromosome and are capable of conferring bacterial resistance to certain antibiotics in DNA cloning?

What are ddNTPs?

Which of the following sequences is recognized by ecoRI?

All of the following are examples of vectors except:

Each type of tRNA molecule can be attached to only one type of amino acid, but because the genetic code contains multiple codons that specify the same amino acid, tRNA molecules bearing different anticodons may also carry the same amino acid.

The process of translation and transcription is referred to as:

All of the following make up three branches of molecular biology related to transfusion medicine except:

Which of the following is representative of the "central dogma" of molecular biology?

Restriction endonucleases are characterized as being palindromic. What is meant by this term?

In this technique, fluorescent probes are used to detect homologous DNA or RNA sequences in chromosomes or intact cells.

All of the following are examples of recombinant proteins used in transfusion medicine except:

Which of the following is not consistent with the structure of DNA?

Which of the following is false regarding the Southern blotting technique?

Red Blood Cells and Platelet Preservation: Historical Perspectives and Current Trends

Basic Genetics

Fundamentals of Immunology

The Antiglobulin Test

The Abo Blood Group System

The Rh Blood Group System

Blood Group Terminology and Common Blood Groups

Uncommon Blood Groups

Detection and Identification of Antibodies

Pre-Transfusion Testing

Blood Bank Technologies and Automation

Donor Selection

Transfusion-Transmitted Diseases

Component Preparation

Transfusion Therapy

Adverse Effects of Blood Transfusion

Apheresis

Cellular Therapy in the Transplant Setting

Hemolytic Disease of the Fetus and Newborn

Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemias

Tissue Banking As Part of the Transfusion Service

The Hla System

Relationship Testing

Quality Management

Patient Blood Management

Transfusion Safety and Federal Regulatory Requirements

Laboratory Information Systems in the Blood Bank

Medicolegal and Ethical Aspects of Providing Blood Collection and Transfusion Services

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