Question 1

What does hemolysis represent in an antigen-antibody reaction?

Accepted Answer

A)  A negative result 
B)  A positive result 
C)  An inconclusive result 
D)  None of the above 
A)  A negative result 
B)  A positive result 
C)  An inconclusive result 
D)  None of the above B

Question 2

Which immunoglobulin is found in greatest concentration in serum?

Accepted Answer

A)  IgE 
B)  IgM 
C)  IgG 
D)  IgA 
A)  IgE 
B)  IgM 
C)  IgG 
D)  IgA C

Question 3

What cells are responsible for mounting a secondary response when exposure to the same antigen occurs?

Accepted Answer

A)  Memory T/B cells 
B)  Neutrophils 
C)  Plasma cells 
D)  Myeloblasts 
A)  Memory T/B cells 
B)  Neutrophils 
C)  Plasma cells 
D)  Myeloblasts A

Question 4

Name a lymphoid organ in which cells of the immune system can be found.

Accepted Answer

A)  Thymus 
B)  Bone marrow 
C)  Spleen 
D)  All of the above 
A)  Thymus 
B)  Bone marrow 
C)  Spleen 
D)  All of the above

Question 5

All of the following techniques are used in the laboratory to detect blood group antigens or antibodies except:

Accepted Answer

A)  agglutination. 
B)  precipitation. 
C)  ELISA. 
D)  hemolysis. 
A)  agglutination. 
B)  precipitation. 
C)  ELISA. 
D)  hemolysis.

Question 6

Opsonization is:

Accepted Answer

A)  the coating of pathogens with factors that facilitate phagocytosis. 
B)  a major role of complement in immunity. 
C)  the binding of an opsonin, such as an antibody, to a receptor on the pathogen's cell membrane. 
D)  all of the above. 
A)  the coating of pathogens with factors that facilitate phagocytosis. 
B)  a major role of complement in immunity. 
C)  the binding of an opsonin, such as an antibody, to a receptor on the pathogen's cell membrane. 
D)  all of the above.

Question 7

What class of immunoglobulin is capable of crossing the placenta?

Accepted Answer

A)  IgM 
B)  IgG 
C)  IgE 
D)  IgD 
A)  IgM 
B)  IgG 
C)  IgE 
D)  IgD

Question 8

A person with the genotype MM shows a 3+ reaction when red blood cells are mixed with M antisera, whereas a person with the genotype MN shows a 1+ reaction. What phenomenon is occurring here?

Accepted Answer

A)  Dosage 
B)  Prozone 
C)  Zeta potential 
D)  Hemolysis 
A)  Dosage 
B)  Prozone 
C)  Zeta potential 
D)  Hemolysis

Question 9

Which is a characteristic of natural killer (NK) cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  They bind to and lyse antibody-coated cells in ADCC. 
B)  They require the presence of MHC to respond to antigen. 
C)  They produce antibody to act on foreign antigens. 
D)  They possess the TCR on their membrane surface. 
A)  They bind to and lyse antibody-coated cells in ADCC. 
B)  They require the presence of MHC to respond to antigen. 
C)  They produce antibody to act on foreign antigens. 
D)  They possess the TCR on their membrane surface.

Question 10

Which of the following is not true of monoclonal reagents?

Accepted Answer

A)  Monoclonal reagents are produced for single antigens with more than one epitope. 
B)  Monoclonal reagents are highly specific. 
C)  Monoclonal reagents are highly characterized and are uniformly reactive. 
D)  Monoclonal reagents are produced by hybridoma technology. 
A)  Monoclonal reagents are produced for single antigens with more than one epitope. 
B)  Monoclonal reagents are highly specific. 
C)  Monoclonal reagents are highly characterized and are uniformly reactive. 
D)  Monoclonal reagents are produced by hybridoma technology.

Question 11

How can T cells be differentiated from B cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  Secretion of interleukin-2 
B)  CD2 marker 
C)  Agglutination of sheep erythrocytes 
D)  All of the above 
A)  Secretion of interleukin-2 
B)  CD2 marker 
C)  Agglutination of sheep erythrocytes 
D)  All of the above

Question 12

Which of the following corresponds to the basic structure of immunoglobulin?

Accepted Answer

A)  Two light chains held together with an interlink disulfide bond 
B)  Two heavy chains held together with an interlink disulfide bond 
C)  One light chain and one heavy chain held together by covalent disulfide bonds 
D)  Two light chains and two heavy chains held together by covalent disulfide bonds 
A)  Two light chains held together with an interlink disulfide bond 
B)  Two heavy chains held together with an interlink disulfide bond 
C)  One light chain and one heavy chain held together by covalent disulfide bonds 
D)  Two light chains and two heavy chains held together by covalent disulfide bonds

Question 13

Which immunoglobulin exists in a pentameric configuration?

Accepted Answer

A)  IgG 
B)  IgM 
C)  IgA 
D)  IgE 
A)  IgG 
B)  IgM 
C)  IgA 
D)  IgE

Question 14

Why are enzymes used in blood banking?

Accepted Answer

A)  Enzymes enhance reactivity of MNS antigens. 
B)  Sialic acid is released from red blood cells, which helps to reduce the zeta potential. 
C)  Hydrophobic glycoproteins are removed from the red blood cell membrane, rendering the membrane hydrophilic (water loving), thereby allowing the red blood cells to move closer. 
D)  All of the above 
A)  Enzymes enhance reactivity of MNS antigens. 
B)  Sialic acid is released from red blood cells, which helps to reduce the zeta potential. 
C)  Hydrophobic glycoproteins are removed from the red blood cell membrane, rendering the membrane hydrophilic (water loving), thereby allowing the red blood cells to move closer. 
D)  All of the above

Question 15

What function does chemically modified IgG serve?

Accepted Answer

A)  It creates a pentameric structure to enhance binding. 
B)  Disulfide bonds are reduced in the hinge region of IgG, which promotes flexibility of Fab portions. 
C)  It alters the light chain variability portion of molecule. 
D)  It dissociates the IgG molecules from surface of sensitized red blood cells. 
A)  It creates a pentameric structure to enhance binding. 
B)  Disulfide bonds are reduced in the hinge region of IgG, which promotes flexibility of Fab portions. 
C)  It alters the light chain variability portion of molecule. 
D)  It dissociates the IgG molecules from surface of sensitized red blood cells.

Question 16

Extravascular hemolysis occurs when red blood cells are coated with antibody; what organ sequesters these cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  Thymus 
B)  Reticuloendothelial system 
C)  Bone marrow 
D)  All of the above 
A)  Thymus 
B)  Reticuloendothelial system 
C)  Bone marrow 
D)  All of the above

Question 17

IgG-coated RBCs will be phagocytized by what effector cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  Monocytes/macrophages 
B)  T cells 
C)  Eosinophils 
D)  Basophils 
A)  Monocytes/macrophages 
B)  T cells 
C)  Eosinophils 
D)  Basophils

Question 18

What happens to the target cell after the cytokine has bound?

Accepted Answer

A)  The contents of the cell are expelled. 
B)  The target cell is programmed to produce biological responses. 
C)  The host exhibits a hypersensitivity reaction. 
D)  ABO antigens are stripped from the membrane. 
A)  The contents of the cell are expelled. 
B)  The target cell is programmed to produce biological responses. 
C)  The host exhibits a hypersensitivity reaction. 
D)  ABO antigens are stripped from the membrane.

Question 19

All of the following are included in the actions of cytokines except:

Accepted Answer

A)  regulation of growth and mobility and differentiation of leukocytes. 
B)  possible production of a synergistic effect when used together. 
C)  decrease in the number of cell receptors when going from a resting to a reactive state. 
D)  binding to target cell receptors. 
A)  regulation of growth and mobility and differentiation of leukocytes. 
B)  possible production of a synergistic effect when used together. 
C)  decrease in the number of cell receptors when going from a resting to a reactive state. 
D)  binding to target cell receptors.

Question 20

What cells are considered polymorphonuclear granulocytes?

Accepted Answer

A)  Monocytes 
B)  Eosinophils 
C)  Lymphocytes 
D)  None of the above 
A)  Monocytes 
B)  Eosinophils 
C)  Lymphocytes 
D)  None of the above

Exam 3: Fundamentals of Immunology

What does hemolysis represent in an antigen-antibody reaction?

Which immunoglobulin is found in greatest concentration in serum?

What cells are responsible for mounting a secondary response when exposure to the same antigen occurs?

Name a lymphoid organ in which cells of the immune system can be found.

All of the following techniques are used in the laboratory to detect blood group antigens or antibodies except:

Opsonization is:

What class of immunoglobulin is capable of crossing the placenta?

A person with the genotype MM shows a 3+ reaction when red blood cells are mixed with M antisera, whereas a person with the genotype MN shows a 1+ reaction. What phenomenon is occurring here?

Which is a characteristic of natural killer (NK) cells?

Which of the following is not true of monoclonal reagents?

How can T cells be differentiated from B cells?

Which of the following corresponds to the basic structure of immunoglobulin?

Which immunoglobulin exists in a pentameric configuration?

Why are enzymes used in blood banking?

What function does chemically modified IgG serve?

Extravascular hemolysis occurs when red blood cells are coated with antibody; what organ sequesters these cells?

IgG-coated RBCs will be phagocytized by what effector cells?

What happens to the target cell after the cytokine has bound?

All of the following are included in the actions of cytokines except:

What cells are considered polymorphonuclear granulocytes?

Red Blood Cells and Platelet Preservation: Historical Perspectives and Current Trends

Basic Genetics

Concepts in Molecular Biology

The Antiglobulin Test

The Abo Blood Group System

The Rh Blood Group System

Blood Group Terminology and Common Blood Groups

Uncommon Blood Groups

Detection and Identification of Antibodies

Pre-Transfusion Testing

Blood Bank Technologies and Automation

Donor Selection

Transfusion-Transmitted Diseases

Component Preparation

Transfusion Therapy

Adverse Effects of Blood Transfusion

Apheresis

Cellular Therapy in the Transplant Setting

Hemolytic Disease of the Fetus and Newborn

Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemias

Tissue Banking As Part of the Transfusion Service

The Hla System

Relationship Testing

Quality Management

Patient Blood Management

Transfusion Safety and Federal Regulatory Requirements

Laboratory Information Systems in the Blood Bank

Medicolegal and Ethical Aspects of Providing Blood Collection and Transfusion Services

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