Question 1

The organs in which lymphocytes differentiate include .

Accepted Answer

A)  bone marrow 
B)  thymus 
C)  both 
D)  neither 
A)  bone marrow 
B)  thymus 
C)  both 
D)  neither

Question 2

Which blood group antibodies are known to activate complement, leading to intravascular hemolysis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Lewis 
B)  Rh 
C)  Duffy 
D)  ABO 
A)  Lewis 
B)  Rh 
C)  Duffy 
D)  ABO

Question 3

What does the term zeta potential mean?

Accepted Answer

A)  The ability of antigen to react with antibody 
B)  The attraction of positive charges on the red blood cell surface to negative charges in an ionic cloud 
C)  The attraction of negative charges on the surface of red blood cells to positive charges in an ionic cloud 
D)  The repulsion between red blood cells caused by noncovalent forces 
A)  The ability of antigen to react with antibody 
B)  The attraction of positive charges on the red blood cell surface to negative charges in an ionic cloud 
C)  The attraction of negative charges on the surface of red blood cells to positive charges in an ionic cloud 
D)  The repulsion between red blood cells caused by noncovalent forces

Question 4

All of the following are characteristics of antigens that affect the type and extent of immune response except:

Accepted Answer

A)  solubility. 
B)  charge. 
C)  molecular weight. 
D)  genetic locus. 
A)  solubility. 
B)  charge. 
C)  molecular weight. 
D)  genetic locus.

Question 5

What is the function of mononuclear phagocytes?

Accepted Answer

A)  They present processed antigen to lymphocytes. 
B)  They present processed antibody to lymphocytes. 
C)  They release histamine. 
D)  They produce antibodies. 
A)  They present processed antigen to lymphocytes. 
B)  They present processed antibody to lymphocytes. 
C)  They release histamine. 
D)  They produce antibodies.

Question 6

What Rh type does a mother have to be to produce antibodies to Rh(D) from an Rh-positive infant?

Accepted Answer

A)  O-positive 
B)  Rh-positive 
C)  Rh-negative 
D)  Kell-negative 
A)  O-positive 
B)  Rh-positive 
C)  Rh-negative 
D)  Kell-negative

Question 7

In an immune response, what is the time called during which no antibody is detected in the test serum?

Accepted Answer

A)  Secondary response time 
B)  Primary response time 
C)  Latency period 
D)  Amnestic response time 
A)  Secondary response time 
B)  Primary response time 
C)  Latency period 
D)  Amnestic response time

Question 8

Which IgG subclass primarily comprises antibodies to the Rh blood group system?

Accepted Answer

A)  IgG1, IgG2 
B)  IgG2, IgG4 
C)  IgG3, IgG4 
D)  IgG1, IgG3 
A)  IgG1, IgG2 
B)  IgG2, IgG4 
C)  IgG3, IgG4 
D)  IgG1, IgG3

Question 9

What is the definition of an immunoglobulin?

Accepted Answer

A)  A protein molecule produced in response to an antigen 
B)  A protein molecule produced in response to an antibody 
C)  A substance that aids in the primary immune response 
D)  A substance that aids in the growth and proliferation of leukocytes 
A)  A protein molecule produced in response to an antigen 
B)  A protein molecule produced in response to an antibody 
C)  A substance that aids in the primary immune response 
D)  A substance that aids in the growth and proliferation of leukocytes

Question 10

When there is an excess of antigen in a serologic test system, what course of action should be followed?

Accepted Answer

A)  Dilute the serum 
B)  Add complement 
C)  Decrease the serum-to-cell ratio 
D)  Increase the serum-to-cell ratio 
A)  Dilute the serum 
B)  Add complement 
C)  Decrease the serum-to-cell ratio 
D)  Increase the serum-to-cell ratio

Question 11

In an immune response, antibodies are formed before .

Accepted Answer

A)  IgG, IgA 
B)  IgM, IgG 
C)  IgG, IgM 
D)  IgM, IgA 
A)  IgG, IgA 
B)  IgM, IgG 
C)  IgG, IgM 
D)  IgM, IgA

Question 12

The portion of the immunoglobulin molecule that determines class is the:

Accepted Answer

A)  light chain. 
B)  kappa chain. 
C)  lambda chain. 
D)  heavy chain. 
A)  light chain. 
B)  kappa chain. 
C)  lambda chain. 
D)  heavy chain.

Question 13

How is the classical pathway of complement activated?

Accepted Answer

A)  By polysaccharides on the surface of bacteria 
B)  By enzyme catalysis 
C)  By binding of antigen with antibody 
D)  By lipopolysaccharides on surface of red blood cells 
A)  By polysaccharides on the surface of bacteria 
B)  By enzyme catalysis 
C)  By binding of antigen with antibody 
D)  By lipopolysaccharides on surface of red blood cells

Question 14

Which of the following statements concerning the structure of immunoglobulins is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  The enzyme papain splits the antibody molecule at the hinge region to give three fragments (2 Fab + 1F
C) . 
B)  The FC portion is responsible for complement fixation, monocyte binding, and placental transfer. 
C)  IgM participates in placental transfer. 
D)  The Fab portion is the region responsible for antigen binding. 
A)  The enzyme papain splits the antibody molecule at the hinge region to give three fragments (2 Fab + 1F
C) . 
B)  The FC portion is responsible for complement fixation, monocyte binding, and placental transfer. 
C)  IgM participates in placental transfer. 
D)  The Fab portion is the region responsible for antigen binding.

Question 15

At what age do infants begin to produce their own antibodies?

Accepted Answer

A)  1 week 
B)  2 months 
C)  6 months 
D)  1 year 
A)  1 week 
B)  2 months 
C)  6 months 
D)  1 year

Question 16

What is responsible for recognition of the antibody-binding site to homologous antigen?

Accepted Answer

A)  Phenotype 
B)  Solubility of antigen 
C)  Variable region of light/heavy chain 
D)  Complementarity 
A)  Phenotype 
B)  Solubility of antigen 
C)  Variable region of light/heavy chain 
D)  Complementarity

Question 17

Anti JK (Kidd) antibodies are of what class of antibody?

Accepted Answer

A)  IgG1 
B)  IgG2 
C)  IgG3 
D)  IgM 
A)  IgG1 
B)  IgG2 
C)  IgG3 
D)  IgM

Question 18

The organ in which lymphocytes are formed is the .

Accepted Answer

A)  bone marrow 
B)  liver 
C)  thymus 
D)  spleen 
A)  bone marrow 
B)  liver 
C)  thymus 
D)  spleen

Question 19

An agglutination inhibition test is performed on a person whose blood type is A+. The person's saliva is mixed with type A antisera. After incubation, the solution is mixed with reagent A cells and no agglutination occurs. What can be deduced from this finding?

Accepted Answer

A)  The person is a nonsecretor of A substance. 
B)  The person is a nonsecretor of O substance. 
C)  The person is a secretor of A substance. 
D)  The person is a secretor of O substance. 
A)  The person is a nonsecretor of A substance. 
B)  The person is a nonsecretor of O substance. 
C)  The person is a secretor of A substance. 
D)  The person is a secretor of O substance.

Question 20

A patient with multiple myeloma exhibits rouleaux formation in an immediate spin crossmatch. What procedure is recommended to distinguish true red blood cell agglutination from nonspecific agglutination?

Accepted Answer

A)  Secretor studies 
B)  Saline dilution 
C)  Enzyme treatment 
D)  Polyethylene glycol enhancement 
A)  Secretor studies 
B)  Saline dilution 
C)  Enzyme treatment 
D)  Polyethylene glycol enhancement

Exam 3: Fundamentals of Immunology

The organs in which lymphocytes differentiate include .

Which blood group antibodies are known to activate complement, leading to intravascular hemolysis?

What does the term zeta potential mean?

All of the following are characteristics of antigens that affect the type and extent of immune response except:

What is the function of mononuclear phagocytes?

What Rh type does a mother have to be to produce antibodies to Rh(D) from an Rh-positive infant?

In an immune response, what is the time called during which no antibody is detected in the test serum?

Which IgG subclass primarily comprises antibodies to the Rh blood group system?

What is the definition of an immunoglobulin?

When there is an excess of antigen in a serologic test system, what course of action should be followed?

In an immune response, antibodies are formed before .

The portion of the immunoglobulin molecule that determines class is the:

How is the classical pathway of complement activated?

Which of the following statements concerning the structure of immunoglobulins is false?

At what age do infants begin to produce their own antibodies?

What is responsible for recognition of the antibody-binding site to homologous antigen?

Anti JK (Kidd) antibodies are of what class of antibody?

The organ in which lymphocytes are formed is the .

An agglutination inhibition test is performed on a person whose blood type is A+. The person's saliva is mixed with type A antisera. After incubation, the solution is mixed with reagent A cells and no agglutination occurs. What can be deduced from this finding?

A patient with multiple myeloma exhibits rouleaux formation in an immediate spin crossmatch. What procedure is recommended to distinguish true red blood cell agglutination from nonspecific agglutination?

Red Blood Cells and Platelet Preservation: Historical Perspectives and Current Trends

Basic Genetics

Concepts in Molecular Biology

The Antiglobulin Test

The Abo Blood Group System

The Rh Blood Group System

Blood Group Terminology and Common Blood Groups

Uncommon Blood Groups

Detection and Identification of Antibodies

Pre-Transfusion Testing

Blood Bank Technologies and Automation

Donor Selection

Transfusion-Transmitted Diseases

Component Preparation

Transfusion Therapy

Adverse Effects of Blood Transfusion

Apheresis

Cellular Therapy in the Transplant Setting

Hemolytic Disease of the Fetus and Newborn

Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemias

Tissue Banking As Part of the Transfusion Service

The Hla System

Relationship Testing

Quality Management

Patient Blood Management

Transfusion Safety and Federal Regulatory Requirements

Laboratory Information Systems in the Blood Bank

Medicolegal and Ethical Aspects of Providing Blood Collection and Transfusion Services

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