Question 1

After studying about fungi, which information indicates a correct understanding of fungi? Fungi causing deep or systemic infections:

Accepted Answer

A)  are easily treated with penicillin. 
B)  are extremely rare. 
C)  never occur with other infections. 
D)  are commonly opportunistic. 
A)  are easily treated with penicillin. 
B)  are extremely rare. 
C)  never occur with other infections. 
D)  are commonly opportunistic.

Question 2

When the maternal immune system becomes sensitized against antigens expressed by the fetus, what type of immune reaction occurs?

Accepted Answer

A)  Autoimmune 
B)  Anaphylaxis 
C)  Alloimmune 
D)  Allergic 
A)  Autoimmune 
B)  Anaphylaxis 
C)  Alloimmune 
D)  Allergic

Question 3

A 30-year-old female is diagnosed with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Which symptoms are a result of a type II hypersensitivity? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A)  Anemia 
B)  Seizures 
C)  Lymphopenia 
D)  Facial rash 
E)  Photosensitivity 
A)  Anemia 
B)  Seizures 
C)  Lymphopenia 
D)  Facial rash 
E)  Photosensitivity

Question 4

Which hypersensitivity reaction does not involve an antibody?

Accepted Answer

A)  I 
B)  II 
C)  III 
D)  IV 
A)  I 
B)  II 
C)  III 
D)  IV

Question 5

After studying about viruses, which information indicates the student has a good understanding of viruses?

Accepted Answer

A)  Viruses contain no DNA or RNA. 
B)  Viruses are capable of independent reproduction. 
C)  Viruses replicate their genetic material inside host cells. 
D)  Viruses are easily killed by antimicrobials. 
A)  Viruses contain no DNA or RNA. 
B)  Viruses are capable of independent reproduction. 
C)  Viruses replicate their genetic material inside host cells. 
D)  Viruses are easily killed by antimicrobials.

Question 6

When a patient asks the nurse what hypersensitivity is, how should the nurse respond?

Accepted Answer

A)  Hypersensitivity is a reduced immune response found in most pathological states. 
B)  Hypersensitivity is a normal immune response to an infectious agent. 
C)  Hypersensitivity is an altered response of the immune system to a sensitizing antigen. 
D)  Hypersensitivity is antigenic desensitization. 
A)  Hypersensitivity is a reduced immune response found in most pathological states. 
B)  Hypersensitivity is a normal immune response to an infectious agent. 
C)  Hypersensitivity is an altered response of the immune system to a sensitizing antigen. 
D)  Hypersensitivity is antigenic desensitization.

Question 7

What is true about viral vaccines?

Accepted Answer

A)  They contain active viruses. 
B)  They are attenuated viruses. 
C)  They contain killed viruses. 
D)  They are a blend of viral toxins. 
A)  They contain active viruses. 
B)  They are attenuated viruses. 
C)  They contain killed viruses. 
D)  They are a blend of viral toxins.

Question 8

A 30-year-old female complains of fatigue, arthritis, rash, and changes in urine colour. Laboratory testing reveals anemia, lymphopenia, and kidney inflammation. Assuming a diagnosis of SLE, which of the following is also likely to be present?

Accepted Answer

A)  Anti-LE antibodies 
B)  Autoantibodies 
C)  Antiherpes antibodies 
D)  Anti-CMV antibodies 
A)  Anti-LE antibodies 
B)  Autoantibodies 
C)  Antiherpes antibodies 
D)  Anti-CMV antibodies

Question 9

A person is given an attenuated antigen as a vaccine. When the person asks what was given in the vaccine, how should the nurse respond?

Accepted Answer

A)  The antigen in the vaccine is alive, but less infectious. 
B)  The vaccine contains antigen that is mutated. 
C)  The antigen in the vaccine is normal, but not infectious. 
D)  The vaccine contains antigen that is dead and inactive. 
A)  The antigen in the vaccine is alive, but less infectious. 
B)  The vaccine contains antigen that is mutated. 
C)  The antigen in the vaccine is normal, but not infectious. 
D)  The vaccine contains antigen that is dead and inactive.

Question 10

In addition to matching ABO antigens, what else does a blood transfusion need to be matched for?

Accepted Answer

A)  HLA type 
B)  Rh antigen 
C)  Immunoglobulins 
D)  Platelet compatibility 
A)  HLA type 
B)  Rh antigen 
C)  Immunoglobulins 
D)  Platelet compatibility

Question 11

A 30-year-old male was diagnosed with HIV. Which of the following treatments would be most effective?

Accepted Answer

A)  Reverse transcriptase inhibitors 
B)  Protease inhibitors 
C)  Entrance inhibitors 
D)  Antiretroviral therapy (ART) 
A)  Reverse transcriptase inhibitors 
B)  Protease inhibitors 
C)  Entrance inhibitors 
D)  Antiretroviral therapy (ART)

Question 12

A 22-year-old was recently diagnosed with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). Which cell type would you expect to be decreased in a laboratory finding?

Accepted Answer

A)  CD4+ T-helper cells 
B)  CD8 T-helper cells 
C)  CDC cells 
D)  CDC10 cells 
A)  CD4+ T-helper cells 
B)  CD8 T-helper cells 
C)  CDC cells 
D)  CDC10 cells

Question 13

When the immunologist says that pathogens possess infectivity, what is the immunologist explaining?

Accepted Answer

A)  Infectivity involves the ability of pathogens to spread from one individual to others and cause disease. 
B)  Infectivity involves pathogens inducing an immune response. 
C)  Infectivity involves pathogens invading and multiplying in the host. 
D)  Infectivity occurs because pathogens damage tissue. 
A)  Infectivity involves the ability of pathogens to spread from one individual to others and cause disease. 
B)  Infectivity involves pathogens inducing an immune response. 
C)  Infectivity involves pathogens invading and multiplying in the host. 
D)  Infectivity occurs because pathogens damage tissue.

Question 14

What is the chance that two siblings share both HLA haplotypes, making them a good match for an organ transplant from one to the other?

Accepted Answer

A)  100% 
B)  75% 
C)  50% 
D)  25% 
A)  100% 
B)  75% 
C)  50% 
D)  25%

Exam 8: Infection and Defects in Mechanisms of Defence

After studying about fungi, which information indicates a correct understanding of fungi? Fungi causing deep or systemic infections:

When the maternal immune system becomes sensitized against antigens expressed by the fetus, what type of immune reaction occurs?

A 30-year-old female is diagnosed with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Which symptoms are a result of a type II hypersensitivity? (Select all that apply.)

Which hypersensitivity reaction does not involve an antibody?

After studying about viruses, which information indicates the student has a good understanding of viruses?

When a patient asks the nurse what hypersensitivity is, how should the nurse respond?

What is true about viral vaccines?

A 30-year-old female complains of fatigue, arthritis, rash, and changes in urine colour. Laboratory testing reveals anemia, lymphopenia, and kidney inflammation. Assuming a diagnosis of SLE, which of the following is also likely to be present?

A person is given an attenuated antigen as a vaccine. When the person asks what was given in the vaccine, how should the nurse respond?

In addition to matching ABO antigens, what else does a blood transfusion need to be matched for?

A 30-year-old male was diagnosed with HIV. Which of the following treatments would be most effective?

A 22-year-old was recently diagnosed with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). Which cell type would you expect to be decreased in a laboratory finding?

When the immunologist says that pathogens possess infectivity, what is the immunologist explaining?

What is the chance that two siblings share both HLA haplotypes, making them a good match for an organ transplant from one to the other?

Cellular Biology

Genes and Genetic Diseases

Epigenetics and Disease

Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology

Fluids and Electrolytes, Acids and Bases

Innate Immunity: Inflammation and Wound Healing

Adaptive Immunity

Stress and Disease

Biology of Cancer

Cancer Epidemiology

Cancer in Children and Adolescents

Structure and Function of the Neurological System

Pain, Temperature, Sleep, and Sensory Function

Alterations in Cognitive Systems, Cerebral Hemodynamics, and Motor Function

Disorders of the Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems and Neuromuscular Junction

Alterations of Neurological Function in Children

Mechanisms of Hormonal Regulation

Alterations of Hormonal Regulation

Structure and Function of the Hematological System

Alterations of Hematological Function

Alterations of Hematological Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Pulmonary System

Alterations of Pulmonary Function

Alterations of Pulmonary Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Renal and Urological Systems

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Reproductive Systems

Alterations of the Female Reproductive System

Alterations of the Male Reproductive System

Structure and Function of the Digestive System

Alterations of Digestive Function

Alterations of Digestive Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Musculo-Skeletal System

Alterations of Musculo-Skeletal Function

Alterations of Musculo-Skeletal Function in Children

Structure, Function, and Disorders of the Integument

Alterations of the Integument in Children

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