Exam 13: Experimental Research: Quasi and Single-Case Designs

When compared to strong experimental research designs, quasi-experimental research designs:

In order to draw a causal conclusion from a multiple-baseline design, what must occur?

When using an A-B-A or an A-B-A-B design it is necessary that reversal occurs if one hopes to make a justified claim of cause and effect.

A stable baseline consists of a lack of trend and little variability.

In a regression-discontinuity design, both groups are exposed to the treatment to see if it equally impacts people who score above and below the cut-off score.

Explain the characteristics of the nonequivalent comparison-group quasi-experimental design and how to search for rival hypotheses that might explain the obtained results.

Luke is conducting a changing-criterion design. In order for him to conclude that the treatment effected the target behavior, his data must:

When is the baseline trend opposite of the trend during treatment?

A student's behavior is observed throughout the school day. Then a behavior change intervention is implemented in her main classroom. After the intervention, her behavior is observed in art, music, and PE in addition to her main classroom. This is an example of a __________ design.

Compare and contrast strong experimental research designs and quasi-experimental research designs.

In single-case and time-series research designs, how are confounding variables ruled out?

In a multiple-baseline design across people:

Ms. Smith has decided to implement a changing-criterion design to improve students' behavior. Which of the following is an issue she should attend to in order to be successful?

Dr. Thomas wanted to determine if the enrichment program that was implemented enhanced the achievement test scores of students. All students with an IQ of 120 or higher were placed in this program. He could use the regression-discontinuity design to test the effectiveness of this program.

A researcher is interested in improving student attention in a classroom. She measures student attention during five preintervention sessions. Her measure is the number of students attending in the class (out of 25 students). She then introduces the program to increase the number of children paying attention. She then measures six more times the number of children attending. Which series would best show that the intervention had an effect?

Single-case designs are used:

Explain how time-series and single-case research designs attempt to rule out confounding variables.

In single-case research designs, the effectiveness of the treatment is demonstrated by changes in the dependent variable from baseline to the treatment conditions.

For a treatment to be deemed effective when used in the context of an A-B single-case design, what has to occur?

A potential threat to the nonequivalent comparison-group design is the presence of a selection-history effect.