Chat with AIExam 12: Experimental Research: Weak and Strong Designs
Compare and contrast weak and strong experimental designs.
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VerifiedWeak experimental designs are designs which do not control for confounding extraneous variables and thus are not able to isolate the effect of the independent variable. Strong experimental designs are those that control for confounding extraneous variables and have high internal validity. In strong experimental designs, typically there is at least one technique to control the confounding extraneous variable as well as have a control group who does not receive the experimental treatment. Thus, when the experimental and control groups are compared on the dependent variable, the differences between can be attributed to the manipulation of the independent variable.
Compare and contrast factorial and repeated-measures designs.
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Answered by Examlex AI CopilotFactorial and repeated-measures designs are both types of experimental designs used in research to study the effects of multiple independent variables on a dependent variable. However, they differ in their approach and application.
Factorial designs involve manipulating and studying the effects of two or more independent variables simultaneously. This allows researchers to examine the main effects of each independent variable as well as any interactions between them. For example, a factorial design could study the effects of both gender and age on a particular outcome, and also explore whether the interaction between gender and age has an impact on the outcome.
On the other hand, repeated-measures designs involve studying the same group of participants under different conditions. This means that each participant is exposed to all levels of the independent variable, allowing for within-subject comparisons. For example, a repeated-measures design could study the effects of different teaching methods on student performance by having each student experience each teaching method and comparing their performance across the different methods.
In terms of their differences, factorial designs allow for the examination of interactions between independent variables, while repeated-measures designs allow for within-subject comparisons. Factorial designs also require a larger sample size compared to repeated-measures designs, as they involve studying the effects of multiple independent variables. Additionally, factorial designs are more suitable for studying the combined effects of independent variables, while repeated-measures designs are more suitable for studying the effects of different conditions on the same group of participants.
In conclusion, factorial and repeated-measures designs are both valuable tools in experimental research, each with its own strengths and applications. Understanding the differences between these two designs can help researchers choose the most appropriate design for their specific research questions and hypotheses.
An experimental design that incorporates more than one independent variable is called a(n)_________ design.
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When the effect of one independent variable depends on the level of another independent variable, this is called:
(39) Two teachers who are friends teach math at different high schools. At a conference they learn about a new program for teaching trigonometry. They decide to test it by having one teacher use it in her class and the other use the traditional program. At the end of the school year they compare their students' scores on the AP trigonometry test. This is an example of which research design?
(34) An experiment was conducted to determine if gender of the teacher and the amount of eye contact by the teacher influenced students' liking of the teacher. Students were randomly assigned to groups that had either a male or female teacher who made little, moderate, or sustained eye contact while giving students a lecture on career choices. At the end of the lecture the students were asked to rate their liking of the teacher. This is a design potentially with _________ main effects.
(37) Suppose that you are conducting a factorial study with variables A and B. Your results reveal an interaction effect. This means that:
(26) Which of the following is not one of the advantages of an Internet experiment?
(37) Describe the different ways an independent variable can be manipulated.
(32) A researcher carries out a study of memory strategies. She has all participants receive all three strategy conditions. First they get strategy A, then they get strategy B, and then they receive strategy C. She notices that there is a steady increase in performance as the students move from A to C. She is concerned because although it might be that strategy C is better than strategy A, it is also possible that the participants might just improve because of familiarity with the task of memorizing lists. Her concern reflects the potential of:
(37) When two or more independent variables are simultaneously studied in an experiment, this is known as:
(34) To determine whether noise affects the ability to solve math problems, a researcher has one group solve math problems in a quiet room and another group solve math problems in a noisy room. The group solving problems in the noisy room completes 15 problems in one hour and the group solving problems in the quiet room completes 22 problems in one hour. In this experiment, the independent variable is ____________ and the dependent variable is _____________.
(37) Which of the following is an example of "present versus absence" variation of the independent variable?
(29) Giving groups different treatment conditions to the different comparison groups is using the type technique to manipulation the independent variables.
(34) Use the following to answer questions
A researcher is looking at the effects of competition versus cooperation on learning a foreign language. She theorizes that Ability level will interact with type of instruction to influence foreign language learning. The dependent variable is the number of points on a 100-point Spanish test. The means for the results are in the table below.
-There is a main effect of Instruction.
-There is a main effect of Instruction. (28) A researcher studies a new mathematics program. At the beginning of the year, 100 students are randomly assigned to receive a new program and 100 students are randomly assigned to use the previously used mathematics program. The participants are pretested at the beginning of the year, and they are posttested at the end. What kind of experimental design did the researcher use?
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