Exam 10: Development of the Self

Layla wants to do well at softball but keeps missing the ball and striking out.Now she never expects to do well when she comes to bat,and sure enough,she continues to strike out.Layla is caught in a __________.

Frustration and disillusionment with one's job is frequently a symptom of __________,the feeling that one's efforts are inadequate to solve vast societal problems.

Which of the following statements about immigrants in the United States is true?

While people who work for tangible rewards,such as money or prestige,are said to have __________ motivation,those who work for their own enjoyment or fulfillment are said to have __________ motivation.

In comparison with their self-concepts in middle childhood,adolescents begin to __________.

Explain criticisms of Eli Ginzberg's career choice theory.

An infant who fusses and kicks when a parent enters the room to signal that she is hungry is demonstrating an understanding that parents are __________,self-directed beings who can respond to requests.

Describe the process of social comparison,and apply it to a child who wants to evaluate her intellectual and social abilities.

According to Ginzberg's career choice theory,the stage that occurs in early adulthood,when people begin to explore specific career options and narrow their choices,is called the __________.

Sima is a child of recent immigrants to the United States.Sima is likely to demonstrate which of the following behaviors?

When 18-month-old Jarrod realizes that he can ask his mother to give him a cookie,and that his mother will behave under her own power to respond to his request,then Jarrod sees his mother as a __________.

According to James Marcia,which category of identity development leads to adolescents living with relatively high anxiety and psychological conflict?

Ingo is proud of his Lithuanian heritage,and equally proud to be an American.In forming his identity he draws inspiration from both his native Lithuanian culture and his adopted homeland.Which perspective on identity development is Ingo following?

Two-year-old Duane and his older brother are eating lunch,and both boys are given cookies for dessert.Duane's older brother accidentally drops his cookie on the floor and begins crying,so Duane offers to share his cookie with his brother.Duane's actions indicate he has reached the point where he is able to demonstrate __________.

Groups of people with whom one compares oneself are called __________.