Question 1

Oversampling is a variant used in which of the following sampling techniques?

Accepted Answer

A)  Simple random sampling 
B)  Cluster sampling 
C)  Convenience sampling 
D)  Stratified random sampling 
A)  Simple random sampling 
B)  Cluster sampling 
C)  Convenience sampling 
D)  Stratified random sampling

Question 2

Explain the two reasons nonrandom samples are sometimes acceptable.

Accepted Answer

Nonrandom samples are okay when: (a) the

Question 3

RESEARCH STUDY 7.3: Dr.Dowling is a clinical psychologist who is interested in the link between mental illness and criminal activity.She gets IRB permission to study patients at all five inpatient/residential mental health facilities in her state.There are 4,307 patients currently living in these facilities.She asks patients whether they have ever been arrested for a crime and whether they have ever been convicted of a crime.She collects a sample size of 1,369.She finds that 27% (+/− 3%) report having been arrested for a crime but that only 13% (+/− 3%) have been convicted of a crime.
Choose a representative sampling technique and a biased sampling technique.Explain how Dr.Dowling would implement each of these sampling techniques.

Accepted Answer

Answers may vary, but in each response,

Question 4

Why do studies that use probability samples have excellent external validity?

Accepted Answer

A)  They also ensure excellent internal validity. 
B)  They study every member of the population of interest. 
C)  They use a larger number of measures. 
D)  All members of the population are equally likely to be represented in the sample. 
A)  They also ensure excellent internal validity. 
B)  They study every member of the population of interest. 
C)  They use a larger number of measures. 
D)  All members of the population are equally likely to be represented in the sample.

Question 5

How are quota sampling and stratified random sampling similar?

Accepted Answer

A)  Both identify subgroups that need to be studied. 
B)  Both randomly sample subgroups to be studied. 
C)  Both result in nonrepresentative samples. 
D)  Both result in representative samples. 
A)  Both identify subgroups that need to be studied. 
B)  Both randomly sample subgroups to be studied. 
C)  Both result in nonrepresentative samples. 
D)  Both result in representative samples.

Question 6

RESEARCH STUDY 7.3: Dr.Dowling is a clinical psychologist who is interested in the link between mental illness and criminal activity.She gets IRB permission to study patients at all five inpatient/residential mental health facilities in her state.There are 4,307 patients currently living in these facilities.She asks patients whether they have ever been arrested for a crime and whether they have ever been convicted of a crime.She collects a sample size of 1,369.She finds that 27% (+/- 3%) report having been arrested for a crime but that only 13% (+/- 3%) have been convicted of a crime.
Dr.Dowling is interviewed by a journalist about the findings of her study.The journalist asks her to explain what it means that "27% of the sample (+/- 3%) report having been arrested for a crime."

Accepted Answer

Twenty-seven percent of the 1,

Question 7

Dr.Cyril conducts a simple random sample of 500 men who became fathers for the first time in the past year.He finds that 23% of them report being unsure of their ability to be good fathers, plus or minus 4%.What is another term for the 4% value?

Accepted Answer

A)  Margin of error 
B)  Sampling bias 
C)  Probability value 
D)  Statistical significance 
A)  Margin of error 
B)  Sampling bias 
C)  Probability value 
D)  Statistical significance

Question 8

RESEARCH STUDY 7.1: Professor Kramer has decided to measure how happy his students are with his teaching this semester.He is teaching two classes this semester-Psychology and Law and Introduction to Neuroscience.He gives his students a survey. What is Dr.Kramer's likely population of interest?

Accepted Answer

A)  All students at the university 
B)  All psychology majors and minors 
C)  All students he is currently teaching 
D)  All students in his Introduction to Neuroscience class 
A)  All students at the university 
B)  All psychology majors and minors 
C)  All students he is currently teaching 
D)  All students in his Introduction to Neuroscience class

Question 9

Dr.Chandler is a personality psychologist who is interested in studying the characteristics of people who report being abducted by UFOs.She finds several people in an online support group for UFO abductees to participate and asks them if they can provide the names and contact information of other people who have also been abducted.Upon contacting these new participants, she asks them to refer her to even more people they may know who have been abducted.This is an example of what kind of sampling?

Accepted Answer

A)  Purposive sampling 
B)  Snowball sampling 
C)  Convenience sampling 
D)  Self-selection sampling 
A)  Purposive sampling 
B)  Snowball sampling 
C)  Convenience sampling 
D)  Self-selection sampling

Question 10

Another term for probability sampling is:

Accepted Answer

A)  purposive sampling. 
B)  convenience sampling. 
C)  random sampling. 
D)  cluster sampling. 
A)  purposive sampling. 
B)  convenience sampling. 
C)  random sampling. 
D)  cluster sampling.

Question 11

External validity is most important for which of the following claims?

Accepted Answer

A)  Frequency claims 
B)  Association claims 
C)  Causal claims 
D)  External validity is equally important for all claims. 
A)  Frequency claims 
B)  Association claims 
C)  Causal claims 
D)  External validity is equally important for all claims.

Question 12

RESEARCH STUDY 7.2: Dr.Parrett is a sports psychologist for a large Southern university.The provost and chancellor have asked him to examine the relationship between athletic performance and academic stress at the university.For example, is it the case that the most talented athletes experience the greatest concern over their grades? The provost and chancellor have made it clear to Dr.Parrett that they want a large amount of external validity in the study.He has valid and reliable measures of both athletic performance and academic stress.He knows that he does not have the time or the money to study the entire population of interest.
What is the difference between a cluster technique and a multistage technique? Explain why Dr.Parrett would be advised to use a cluster or a multistage technique rather than a simple random sample.

Accepted Answer

A cluster technique involves breaking th

Question 13

A representative sample is most necessary for which type of claim (frequency, association, or causal)? Why?

Accepted Answer

A representative sample is most necessar

Question 14

Why might a researcher choose purposive sampling over systematic sampling?

Accepted Answer

A)  Purposive sampling is always cheaper. 
B)  External validity is not vital to the researcher's study. 
C)  Only purposive sampling allows the researcher to study a particular type of participant. 
D)  The researcher does not have to specify a population of interest ahead of time. 
A)  Purposive sampling is always cheaper. 
B)  External validity is not vital to the researcher's study. 
C)  Only purposive sampling allows the researcher to study a particular type of participant. 
D)  The researcher does not have to specify a population of interest ahead of time.

Question 15

RESEARCH STUDY 7.2: Dr.Parrett is a sports psychologist for a large Southern university.The provost and chancellor have asked him to examine the relationship between athletic performance and academic stress at the university.For example, is it the case that the most talented athletes experience the greatest concern over their grades? The provost and chancellor have made it clear to Dr.Parrett that they want a large amount of external validity in the study.He has valid and reliable measures of both athletic performance and academic stress.He knows that he does not have the time or the money to study the entire population of interest.
Describe the three sampling problems that could lead to a biased sample for Dr.Parrett.

Accepted Answer

The three problems include: (a) sampling

Question 16

RESEARCH STUDY 7.1: Professor Kramer has decided to measure how happy his students are with his teaching this semester.He is teaching two classes this semester-Psychology and Law and Introduction to Neuroscience.He gives his students a survey. 43 of 50 Introduction to Neuroscience students and 46 of 48 Psychology and Law students complete the survey.Based on this information, which of the following can Dr.Kramer say?

Accepted Answer

A)  His sample is larger than his population. 
B)  His sample is representative. 
C)  His sample is biased. 
D)  His sample came from his population of interest. 
A)  His sample is larger than his population. 
B)  His sample is representative. 
C)  His sample is biased. 
D)  His sample came from his population of interest.

Question 17

Why are techniques like cluster sampling and multistage sampling just as externally valid as simple random sampling?

Accepted Answer

A)  They all contain elements of random selection. 
B)  They all measure every member of the population of interest. 
C)  They all use lists of all population members. 
D)  They all rely on large samples. 
A)  They all contain elements of random selection. 
B)  They all measure every member of the population of interest. 
C)  They all use lists of all population members. 
D)  They all rely on large samples.

Question 18

A sample is to as a population is to .

Accepted Answer

A)  part; entire 
B)  external; internal 
C)  people; groups 
D)  participants; researchers 
A)  part; entire 
B)  external; internal 
C)  people; groups 
D)  participants; researchers

Question 19

Which of the following is true of sample size?

Accepted Answer

A)  It primarily affects external validity. 
B)  It primarily affects construct validity. 
C)  It primarily affects internal validity. 
D)  It primarily affects statistical validity. 
A)  It primarily affects external validity. 
B)  It primarily affects construct validity. 
C)  It primarily affects internal validity. 
D)  It primarily affects statistical validity.

Question 20

Convenience sampling relies on which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  Studying people who are easy to find 
B)  Studying people who are willing to participate 
C)  Studying people who are typical 
D)  Studying people who are colleagues of the researcher 
A)  Studying people who are easy to find 
B)  Studying people who are willing to participate 
C)  Studying people who are typical 
D)  Studying people who are colleagues of the researcher

Oversampling is a variant used in which of the following sampling techniques?

Explain the two reasons nonrandom samples are sometimes acceptable.

Why do studies that use probability samples have excellent external validity?

How are quota sampling and stratified random sampling similar?

Dr.Cyril conducts a simple random sample of 500 men who became fathers for the first time in the past year.He finds that 23% of them report being unsure of their ability to be good fathers, plus or minus 4%.What is another term for the 4% value?

RESEARCH STUDY 7.1: Professor Kramer has decided to measure how happy his students are with his teaching this semester.He is teaching two classes this semester-Psychology and Law and Introduction to Neuroscience.He gives his students a survey. What is Dr.Kramer's likely population of interest?

Another term for probability sampling is:

External validity is most important for which of the following claims?

A representative sample is most necessary for which type of claim (frequency, association, or causal)? Why?

Why might a researcher choose purposive sampling over systematic sampling?

Why are techniques like cluster sampling and multistage sampling just as externally valid as simple random sampling?

A sample is to as a population is to .

Which of the following is true of sample size?

Convenience sampling relies on which of the following?

Psychology Is a Way of Thinking

Sources of Information: Why Research Is Best and How to Find IT

Three Claims, Four Validities: Interrogation Tools for Consumers of Research

Ethical Guidelines for Psychology Research

Identifying Good Measurement

Surveys and Observations: Describing What People Do

Bivariate Correlational Research

Multivariate Correlational Research

Introduction to Simple Experiments

More on Experiments: Confounding and Obscuring Variables

Experiments With More Than One Independent Variable

Quasi-Experiments and Small-N Designs

Replicability, Generalization, and the Real World

Filters

Exam 7: Sampling: Estimating the Frequency of Behaviors and Beliefs

Oversampling is a variant used in which of the following sampling techniques?

Explain the two reasons nonrandom samples are sometimes acceptable.

Why do studies that use probability samples have excellent external validity?

How are quota sampling and stratified random sampling similar?

Dr.Cyril conducts a simple random sample of 500 men who became fathers for the first time in the past year.He finds that 23% of them report being unsure of their ability to be good fathers, plus or minus 4%.What is another term for the 4% value?

RESEARCH STUDY 7.1: Professor Kramer has decided to measure how happy his students are with his teaching this semester.He is teaching two classes this semester-Psychology and Law and Introduction to Neuroscience.He gives his students a survey. What is Dr.Kramer's likely population of interest?

Another term for probability sampling is:

External validity is most important for which of the following claims?

A representative sample is most necessary for which type of claim (frequency, association, or causal)? Why?

Why might a researcher choose purposive sampling over systematic sampling?

Why are techniques like cluster sampling and multistage sampling just as externally valid as simple random sampling?

A sample is to as a population is to .

Which of the following is true of sample size?

Convenience sampling relies on which of the following?

Psychology Is a Way of Thinking

Sources of Information: Why Research Is Best and How to Find IT

Three Claims, Four Validities: Interrogation Tools for Consumers of Research

Ethical Guidelines for Psychology Research

Identifying Good Measurement

Surveys and Observations: Describing What People Do

Bivariate Correlational Research

Multivariate Correlational Research

Introduction to Simple Experiments

More on Experiments: Confounding and Obscuring Variables

Experiments With More Than One Independent Variable

Quasi-Experiments and Small-N Designs

Replicability, Generalization, and the Real World

Filters