Question 1

In the diagram, where is the epiphyseal vein?

Accepted Answer

A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D 
E)  E 
A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D 
E)  E

Question 2

Secretion of sex hormones, such as testoterone and estrogens, at puberty ___.

Accepted Answer

A)  increase the activity of osteoclasts and increase synthesis of extracellular matrix 
B)  decrease osteoblast activity and synthesis of extracellular matrix 
C)  increase osteoblast activity and synthesis of extracellular matrix 
D)  convert epiphyseal lines to epiphyseal plates in long bones 
E)  do none of these choices 
A)  increase the activity of osteoclasts and increase synthesis of extracellular matrix 
B)  decrease osteoblast activity and synthesis of extracellular matrix 
C)  increase osteoblast activity and synthesis of extracellular matrix 
D)  convert epiphyseal lines to epiphyseal plates in long bones 
E)  do none of these choices

Question 3

This is the shaft of a long bone.

Accepted Answer

A)  diaphysis 
B)  epiphysis 
C)  metaphysis 
D)  periosteum 
E)  marrow 
A)  diaphysis 
B)  epiphysis 
C)  metaphysis 
D)  periosteum 
E)  marrow

Question 4

What is the basic unit of compact bone tissue?

Accepted Answer

A)  osteon 
B)  stroma 
C)  lamellae 
D)  chromosome 
E)  lacunae 
A)  osteon 
B)  stroma 
C)  lamellae 
D)  chromosome 
E)  lacunae

Question 5

Briefly describe what is happening in each of the stages below.

Accepted Answer

The diagram is depicting intramembranous

Question 6

Briefly describe the steps in bone resorption.

Accepted Answer

During bone resorption, an osteoclast at

Question 7

Put the following steps of endochondral ossification in the correct order:
1) formation of articular cartilage and epiphyseal plate
2) development of cartilage model
3) growth of cartilage model
4) development of secondary ossification center
5) development of medullary cavity
6) development of primary ossification center

Accepted Answer

A)  2, 3, 6, 5, 4, 1 
B)  1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 
C)  3, 2, 6, 4, 5, 1 
D)  2, 6, 4, 3, 1, 5 
E)  6, 1, 4, 5, 2, 3 
A)  2, 3, 6, 5, 4, 1 
B)  1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 
C)  3, 2, 6, 4, 5, 1 
D)  2, 6, 4, 3, 1, 5 
E)  6, 1, 4, 5, 2, 3

Question 8

Fragments of older osteons that have been partially destroyed during bone rebuilding or during growth are the ___ lamellae.

Accepted Answer

A)  interstitial 
B)  circumferential 
C)  perpendicular 
D)  Tangential 
E)  concentric 
A)  interstitial 
B)  circumferential 
C)  perpendicular 
D)  Tangential 
E)  concentric

Question 9

In the diagram, where is the perforating or Volkmann's canal?

Accepted Answer

A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  E 
E)  F 
A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  E 
E)  F

Question 10

In the diagram, this zone contains dead chondrocytes with a calcified matrix.

Accepted Answer

A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D 
E)  E 
A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D 
E)  E

Question 11

Blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, and nerves are found traveling through all of the following structures EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  perforating or Volkmann's canals 
B)  central or haversian canals 
C)  nutrient foramina 
D)  canaliculi 
E)  none of these choices 
A)  perforating or Volkmann's canals 
B)  central or haversian canals 
C)  nutrient foramina 
D)  canaliculi 
E)  none of these choices

Question 12

Where in the diagram can you find red bone marrow in an adult?

Accepted Answer

A)  A and B 
B)  B and D 
C)  A and C 
D)  D 
E)  E 
A)  A and B 
B)  B and D 
C)  A and C 
D)  D 
E)  E

Question 13

Which of the following statements is CORRECT?

Accepted Answer

A)  the metaphysis is highly vascular. 
B)  spongy bone is characterized by osteons. 
C)  compact bone is characterized by trabeculae. 
D)  the periosteum is made of loose areolar connective tissue. 
E)  the endosteum is not an active site of bone resorption. 
A)  the metaphysis is highly vascular. 
B)  spongy bone is characterized by osteons. 
C)  compact bone is characterized by trabeculae. 
D)  the periosteum is made of loose areolar connective tissue. 
E)  the endosteum is not an active site of bone resorption.

Question 14

Bone remodeling ___.

Accepted Answer

A)  occurs throughout life 
B)  involves bone resorption 
C)  involves bone deposition 
D)  occurs at different rates at different locations 
E)  all of these choices 
A)  occurs throughout life 
B)  involves bone resorption 
C)  involves bone deposition 
D)  occurs at different rates at different locations 
E)  all of these choices

Question 15

Which of the following is best described as a flat bone?

Accepted Answer

A)  a cervical vertebra 
B)  femur 
C)  humerus 
D)  talus (a tarsal bone) 
E)  sternum 
A)  a cervical vertebra 
B)  femur 
C)  humerus 
D)  talus (a tarsal bone) 
E)  sternum

Question 16

In the diagram, where is the zone of hypertrophic cartilage?

Accepted Answer

A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D 
E)  E 
A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D 
E)  E

Question 17

Describe the major differences between compact and spongy bone.

Accepted Answer

Spongy bone is light, which reduces the

Question 18

Which of the following statements is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  The zone of hypertrophic cartilage consists of large, maturing chondrocytes arranged in columns. 
B)  The zone of resting cartilage is the nearest to the epiphysis and consists of small, scattered chondrocytes. 
C)  Growth in length requires growth of cartilage on the diaphyseal side of the epiphyseal plate, and the replacement of cartilage with bone on the epiphyseal side of the epiphyseal plate. 
D)  The zone of proliferating cartilage contains chondrocytes arranged like stacks of coins. 
E)  The zone of calcified cartilage is only a few cells thick and consists mostly of dead chondrocytes because the matrix has calcified. 
A)  The zone of hypertrophic cartilage consists of large, maturing chondrocytes arranged in columns. 
B)  The zone of resting cartilage is the nearest to the epiphysis and consists of small, scattered chondrocytes. 
C)  Growth in length requires growth of cartilage on the diaphyseal side of the epiphyseal plate, and the replacement of cartilage with bone on the epiphyseal side of the epiphyseal plate. 
D)  The zone of proliferating cartilage contains chondrocytes arranged like stacks of coins. 
E)  The zone of calcified cartilage is only a few cells thick and consists mostly of dead chondrocytes because the matrix has calcified.

Question 19

In the diagram, which bone is the short bone?

Accepted Answer

A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D 
E)  E 
A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D 
E)  E

Question 20

Describe the process by which bone increases in length and diameter.

Accepted Answer

The epiphyseal plate consists of layers

Exam 6: Introduction to the Skeletal System

In the diagram, where is the epiphyseal vein?

Secretion of sex hormones, such as testoterone and estrogens, at puberty ___.

This is the shaft of a long bone.

What is the basic unit of compact bone tissue?

Briefly describe what is happening in each of the stages below.

Briefly describe the steps in bone resorption.

Fragments of older osteons that have been partially destroyed during bone rebuilding or during growth are the ___ lamellae.

In the diagram, where is the perforating or Volkmann's canal?

In the diagram, this zone contains dead chondrocytes with a calcified matrix.

Blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, and nerves are found traveling through all of the following structures EXCEPT:

Where in the diagram can you find red bone marrow in an adult?

Which of the following statements is CORRECT?

Bone remodeling ___.

Which of the following is best described as a flat bone?

In the diagram, where is the zone of hypertrophic cartilage?

Describe the major differences between compact and spongy bone.

Which of the following statements is FALSE?

In the diagram, which bone is the short bone?

Describe the process by which bone increases in length and diameter.

An Introduction to the Human Body

The Chemical Level of Organization

The Cellular Level of Organization

The Tissue Level of Organization

The Integumentary System

The Axial Skeleton

The Appendicular Skeleton

Articulations

Muscle Tissue

The Muscular System

Introduction to the Nervous System

The Central Nervous System

The Peripheral Nervous System

Sensory, Motor, and Integrative Systems

The Special Senses

The Endocrine System

The Cardiovascular System: the Blood

The Cardiovascular System: the Heart

The Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels

The Lymphatic System and Immunity

The Respiratory System

The Digestive System

The Urinary System

The Reproductive Systems and Development

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