Question 1

The correct sequence of processes that occur during bone elongation at the epiphyseal plate are ___.

Accepted Answer

A)  calcification, resting, proliferation, hypertrophication 
B)  resting, proliferation, calcification, hypertrophication 
C)  proliferation, resting, hypertrophication, calcification 
D)  resting, proliferation, hypertrophication, calcification 
E)  hypertrophication, calcification, proliferation, resting 
A)  calcification, resting, proliferation, hypertrophication 
B)  resting, proliferation, calcification, hypertrophication 
C)  proliferation, resting, hypertrophication, calcification 
D)  resting, proliferation, hypertrophication, calcification 
E)  hypertrophication, calcification, proliferation, resting

Question 2

Where in the diagram can you find the medullary cavity?

Accepted Answer

A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D 
E)  E 
A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D 
E)  E

Question 3

Briefly describe the steps in endochondral ossification.

Accepted Answer

Endochondral ossification begins with th

Question 4

Ossification, the formation of bone, primarily occurs ___.

Accepted Answer

A)  during the initial creation of bones before birth 
B)  as a child grows to adult size 
C)  during remodeling and repair 
D)  during all of these times: as bones form before birth, during growth to adult size, and during remodeling and repair 
E)  none of these choices describe the time when ossification occurs 
A)  during the initial creation of bones before birth 
B)  as a child grows to adult size 
C)  during remodeling and repair 
D)  during all of these times: as bones form before birth, during growth to adult size, and during remodeling and repair 
E)  none of these choices describe the time when ossification occurs

Question 5

In the diagram, where is the nutrient artery?

Accepted Answer

A)  D 
B)  E 
C)  F 
D)  G 
E)  H 
A)  D 
B)  E 
C)  F 
D)  G 
E)  H

Question 6

This is a layer of hyaline cartilage that allows the diaphysis to grow in length.

Accepted Answer

A)  periosteum 
B)  distal epiphysis 
C)  nutrient foramen 
D)  articular cartilage 
E)  epiphyseal plate 
A)  periosteum 
B)  distal epiphysis 
C)  nutrient foramen 
D)  articular cartilage 
E)  epiphyseal plate

Question 7

Which of these statements about collagen in the bone extracellular matrix (ECM) is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  Collagen fibers contribute to the tensile strength of the bone. 
B)  Collagen fibers are responsible for the hardness of the bone. 
C)  Collagen fibers make up approximately 30% of the bone ECM. 
D)  The flexibility of a bone depends on collagen fibers. 
E)  Collagen fibers can be compared to the metal reinforcing rods in concrete structures. 
A)  Collagen fibers contribute to the tensile strength of the bone. 
B)  Collagen fibers are responsible for the hardness of the bone. 
C)  Collagen fibers make up approximately 30% of the bone ECM. 
D)  The flexibility of a bone depends on collagen fibers. 
E)  Collagen fibers can be compared to the metal reinforcing rods in concrete structures.

Question 8

Which of the following is best described as an irregular bone?

Accepted Answer

A)  a cervical vertebra 
B)  femur 
C)  humerus 
D)  talus (a tarsal bone) 
E)  sternum 
A)  a cervical vertebra 
B)  femur 
C)  humerus 
D)  talus (a tarsal bone) 
E)  sternum

Question 9

This is the region of a long bone that articulates with other bones.

Accepted Answer

A)  diaphysis 
B)  epiphysis 
C)  metaphysis 
D)  endosteum 
E)  marrow 
A)  diaphysis 
B)  epiphysis 
C)  metaphysis 
D)  endosteum 
E)  marrow

Question 10

Which of these bone types is generally thin, providing protection and extensive surface area for muscle attachment?

Accepted Answer

A)  long 
B)  flat 
C)  short 
D)  sesamoid 
E)  irregular 
A)  long 
B)  flat 
C)  short 
D)  sesamoid 
E)  irregular

Question 11

Most of the bones located within ankles or wrists can be classified as ___.

Accepted Answer

A)  long bones 
B)  sutural bones 
C)  irregular bones 
D)  sesamoid bones 
E)  short bones 
A)  long bones 
B)  sutural bones 
C)  irregular bones 
D)  sesamoid bones 
E)  short bones

Question 12

The cranial bones undergo ___.

Accepted Answer

A)  intramembranous ossification, where cartilage is replaced with bone 
B)  intramembranous ossification, where fibrous tissue is replaced with bone 
C)  endochondral ossification, where cartilage is replaced with bone 
D)  endochondral ossification, where fibrous tissue is replaced with bone 
E)  none of these choices 
A)  intramembranous ossification, where cartilage is replaced with bone 
B)  intramembranous ossification, where fibrous tissue is replaced with bone 
C)  endochondral ossification, where cartilage is replaced with bone 
D)  endochondral ossification, where fibrous tissue is replaced with bone 
E)  none of these choices

Question 13

In the diagram, where is the metaphyseal artery?

Accepted Answer

A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D 
E)  E 
A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D 
E)  E

Question 14

This is the region in mature bone where the diaphysis and the epiphysis join.

Accepted Answer

A)  endosteum 
B)  periosteum 
C)  metaphysis 
D)  diaphyseal line 
E)  diaphyseal plate 
A)  endosteum 
B)  periosteum 
C)  metaphysis 
D)  diaphyseal line 
E)  diaphyseal plate

Question 15

Which of the following minerals is needed when bones are growing?

Accepted Answer

A)  calcium 
B)  phosphorus 
C)  magnesium 
D)  fluoride 
E)  all of these choices 
A)  calcium 
B)  phosphorus 
C)  magnesium 
D)  fluoride 
E)  all of these choices

Question 16

Which of these is a tough connective tissue sheath that surrounds any bone surface that is not covered by articular cartilage?

Accepted Answer

A)  metaphysis 
B)  diaphysis 
C)  periosteum 
D)  endosteum 
E)  epiphysis 
A)  metaphysis 
B)  diaphysis 
C)  periosteum 
D)  endosteum 
E)  epiphysis

Question 17

The average renewal rate for compact bone tissue in a healthy individual is ___.

Accepted Answer

A)  4% per year 
B)  15% per year 
C)  20% per year 
D)  25% per year 
E)  there is no way to measure 
A)  4% per year 
B)  15% per year 
C)  20% per year 
D)  25% per year 
E)  there is no way to measure

Question 18

These are considered bone-building cells.

Accepted Answer

A)  osteogenic 
B)  osteoclast 
C)  oscteocytes 
D)  osteoblasts 
E)  all of these choices 
A)  osteogenic 
B)  osteoclast 
C)  oscteocytes 
D)  osteoblasts 
E)  all of these choices

Question 19

Osteons in compact bone tissue are aligned ___.

Accepted Answer

A)  horizontal to the metaphysis 
B)  parallel to the epiphysis 
C)  along lines of stress 
D)  randomly between the epiphyseal plates 
E)  parallel to blood vessels 
A)  horizontal to the metaphysis 
B)  parallel to the epiphysis 
C)  along lines of stress 
D)  randomly between the epiphyseal plates 
E)  parallel to blood vessels

Question 20

Where in the diagram is the distal epiphysis?

Accepted Answer

A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D 
E)  E 
A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D 
E)  E

Exam 6: Introduction to the Skeletal System

The correct sequence of processes that occur during bone elongation at the epiphyseal plate are ___.

Where in the diagram can you find the medullary cavity?

Briefly describe the steps in endochondral ossification.

Ossification, the formation of bone, primarily occurs ___.

In the diagram, where is the nutrient artery?

This is a layer of hyaline cartilage that allows the diaphysis to grow in length.

Which of these statements about collagen in the bone extracellular matrix (ECM) is FALSE?

Which of the following is best described as an irregular bone?

This is the region of a long bone that articulates with other bones.

Which of these bone types is generally thin, providing protection and extensive surface area for muscle attachment?

Most of the bones located within ankles or wrists can be classified as ___.

The cranial bones undergo ___.

In the diagram, where is the metaphyseal artery?

This is the region in mature bone where the diaphysis and the epiphysis join.

Which of the following minerals is needed when bones are growing?

Which of these is a tough connective tissue sheath that surrounds any bone surface that is not covered by articular cartilage?

The average renewal rate for compact bone tissue in a healthy individual is ___.

These are considered bone-building cells.

Osteons in compact bone tissue are aligned ___.

Where in the diagram is the distal epiphysis?

An Introduction to the Human Body

The Chemical Level of Organization

The Cellular Level of Organization

The Tissue Level of Organization

The Integumentary System

The Axial Skeleton

The Appendicular Skeleton

Articulations

Muscle Tissue

The Muscular System

Introduction to the Nervous System

The Central Nervous System

The Peripheral Nervous System

Sensory, Motor, and Integrative Systems

The Special Senses

The Endocrine System

The Cardiovascular System: the Blood

The Cardiovascular System: the Heart

The Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels

The Lymphatic System and Immunity

The Respiratory System

The Digestive System

The Urinary System

The Reproductive Systems and Development

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