Question 1

Discuss what is meant by an altruistic personality.

Accepted Answer

Some experts have proposed that a combin

Question 2

Briefly discuss the role of helping in inducing negative reactions.That is,what emotion is likely to be felt by some people when they are helped? Give an example of a situation that might lead to that outcome.What might be the logical response of the helper in that situation? What about group differences? That is,what sort of group difference might result in a resistance to being helped? What was the example from the chapter,and members of which group were offended by an offer of help? Why?

Accepted Answer

Helping doesn't always induce good feeli

Question 3

A New York City taxi cab driver once intervened and stopped what he perceived to be a mugging in progress-even though it actually was a group of actors performing a scene for a television sketch.The taxi driver probably intervened due to .

Accepted Answer

A) pure stupidity 
B) the absence of the bystander effect 
C) the fact that he is a New Yorker 
D) his feelings of empathy 
E) a high level of egoism 
A) pure stupidity 
B) the absence of the bystander effect 
C) the fact that he is a New Yorker 
D) his feelings of empathy 
E) a high level of egoism

Question 4

A common factor that increases the likelihood of helping behavior irrespective of the bystander's emotional state is .

Accepted Answer

A) an interesting or fun quality to the helping task 
B) a sense of independence and control 
C) an unambiguous need for help 
D) a sense of power 
E) a feeling of being personally responsible for one's own mood 
A) an interesting or fun quality to the helping task 
B) a sense of independence and control 
C) an unambiguous need for help 
D) a sense of power 
E) a feeling of being personally responsible for one's own mood

Question 5

Based on Burnstein's research,if a person were confronted with rescuing a person or animal in a burning building,s/he would more likely rescue a than a .

Accepted Answer

A) a non-relative; distant relative 
B) young male; young female 
C) dog; young male human 
D) young female close relative; middle-age female close relative 
E) young male non-relative; older female close relative 
A) a non-relative; distant relative 
B) young male; young female 
C) dog; young male human 
D) young female close relative; middle-age female close relative 
E) young male non-relative; older female close relative

Question 6

Self-interest is .

Accepted Answer

A) an adult's concern for and commitment to the well-being of future generations 
B) a combination of dispositional factors correlated with prosocial and altruistic behaviors 
C) the motivation to engage in whatever behavior provides the greatest satisfaction for oneself 
D) the motivation to be moral and to engage in moral behavior 
E) the motivation for prosocial behavior that is caused by positive emotions experienced by a helper 
A) an adult's concern for and commitment to the well-being of future generations 
B) a combination of dispositional factors correlated with prosocial and altruistic behaviors 
C) the motivation to engage in whatever behavior provides the greatest satisfaction for oneself 
D) the motivation to be moral and to engage in moral behavior 
E) the motivation for prosocial behavior that is caused by positive emotions experienced by a helper

Question 7

Before offering help,a bystander must decide that she or he has a responsibility to provide help.This is UNLIKELY to occur if .

Accepted Answer

A) the emergency represents a clear danger to the bystander 
B) there is only one bystander present 
C) the emergency is relatively severe or serious 
D) an authority figure,or emergency personnel,is present 
E) a family relationship exists between the bystander and the person in need of help 
A) the emergency represents a clear danger to the bystander 
B) there is only one bystander present 
C) the emergency is relatively severe or serious 
D) an authority figure,or emergency personnel,is present 
E) a family relationship exists between the bystander and the person in need of help

Question 8

Kin selection refers to .

Accepted Answer

A) the idea that natural selection favors those who engage in prosocial behavior and disfavors those who do not 
B) the idea that natural selection applies to behaviors that benefit other individuals with whom we share genes 
C) the idea that behavior is based on both our genetic endowment and our past learning experiences 
D) the idea that behavior is driven by genetic attributes that evolved because they enhance the probability of transmitting one's genes to future generations 
E) the idea that cooperative behavior among unrelated individuals may sometimes enhance the probability of transmitting one's genes to future generations 
A) the idea that natural selection favors those who engage in prosocial behavior and disfavors those who do not 
B) the idea that natural selection applies to behaviors that benefit other individuals with whom we share genes 
C) the idea that behavior is based on both our genetic endowment and our past learning experiences 
D) the idea that behavior is driven by genetic attributes that evolved because they enhance the probability of transmitting one's genes to future generations 
E) the idea that cooperative behavior among unrelated individuals may sometimes enhance the probability of transmitting one's genes to future generations

Question 9

Oliver is experiencing a major financial crisis and is in need of help.Given this information,which of the following statements is MOST accurate?

Accepted Answer

A) If Oliver receives help from a governmental agency,he will likely develop a negative self-image. 
B) Oliver is just as likely to work hard to avoid such problems in the future irrespective of the source of help. 
C) If Oliver receives help from a governmental agency,he will likely become dependent on governmental aid. 
D) Oliver is more likely to work hard to avoid such problems in the future if he gets assistance from his family rather than from governmental aid. 
E) Oliver is more likely to work hard to avoid such problems in the future if he gets assistance from governmental aid rather than from his family. 
A) If Oliver receives help from a governmental agency,he will likely develop a negative self-image. 
B) Oliver is just as likely to work hard to avoid such problems in the future irrespective of the source of help. 
C) If Oliver receives help from a governmental agency,he will likely become dependent on governmental aid. 
D) Oliver is more likely to work hard to avoid such problems in the future if he gets assistance from his family rather than from governmental aid. 
E) Oliver is more likely to work hard to avoid such problems in the future if he gets assistance from governmental aid rather than from his family.

Question 10

The bystander effect is .

Accepted Answer

A) an exclusive concern with one's own personal needs and welfare 
B) the relatively equal sharing of responsibility to help by all of the bystanders present during an emergency 
C) a helpful action that benefits other people without necessarily providing direct benefit to the bystanders 
D) the observation that the probability of a prosocial response to an emergency is influenced by the number of bystanders present 
E) cooperative behavior among unrelated individuals that provides benefit to both individuals 
A) an exclusive concern with one's own personal needs and welfare 
B) the relatively equal sharing of responsibility to help by all of the bystanders present during an emergency 
C) a helpful action that benefits other people without necessarily providing direct benefit to the bystanders 
D) the observation that the probability of a prosocial response to an emergency is influenced by the number of bystanders present 
E) cooperative behavior among unrelated individuals that provides benefit to both individuals

Question 11

Sam's younger brother has just given him $400.00 to pay for repairs to his Sam's)car.Sam is very unhappy about accepting the money from his brother and intends to repay the money with interest over the next few months.Sam is now also planning to switch to a higher-paying job,even if it means working somewhere that he doesn't like as well as his current job,because he is determined to never be in a position to have to accept help from his brother again.This situation represents .

Accepted Answer

A) diffusion of responsibility 
B) a wish to be in better financial condition 
C) genetic determinism 
D) the motivating aspect of receiving help from someone else 
E) the negative-state relief model 
A) diffusion of responsibility 
B) a wish to be in better financial condition 
C) genetic determinism 
D) the motivating aspect of receiving help from someone else 
E) the negative-state relief model

Question 12

Marian,who is wearing a distinctive and pleasant perfume,has dropped all of the contents of her purse and is in need of assistance.The fact that she is wearing perfume should .

Accepted Answer

A) increase her likelihood of receiving help 
B) not affect whether she receives help or not 
C) decrease her likelihood of receiving help from other women only 
D) increase her likelihood of receiving help from men only 
E) decrease her likelihood of receiving help 
A) increase her likelihood of receiving help 
B) not affect whether she receives help or not 
C) decrease her likelihood of receiving help from other women only 
D) increase her likelihood of receiving help from men only 
E) decrease her likelihood of receiving help

Question 13

More witnesses to an armed robbery leaves the scene.

Accepted Answer

The answer of More witnesses to an armed robbery leaves...

Question 14

In Hardy and Van Vugt's experiment,participants made "contributions" to a "group fund." All contributions were either made known to all participants or not made known.Which of the following best states the results?

Accepted Answer

A) Participants felt empathy for those they thought would get the group fund. 
B) The status of participants was greater in the known condition. 
C) The size of contributions made no difference in the status of participants in the not known condition. 
D) The size of contributions made a difference in participant status in the known condition,but not in the not-known condition. 
E) Greater contributions resulted in higher status overall. 
A) Participants felt empathy for those they thought would get the group fund. 
B) The status of participants was greater in the known condition. 
C) The size of contributions made no difference in the status of participants in the not known condition. 
D) The size of contributions made a difference in participant status in the known condition,but not in the not-known condition. 
E) Greater contributions resulted in higher status overall.

Question 15

Generativity is .

Accepted Answer

A) the motivation for prosocial behavior that is caused by positive emotions experienced by a helper 
B) an adult's concern for and commitment to the well-being of future generations 
C) the motivation to be moral and to engage in moral behavior 
D) a combination of dispositional factors correlated with prosocial and altruistic behaviors 
E) an adult's concern for whatever behavior provides the greatest satisfaction for him- or herself 
A) the motivation for prosocial behavior that is caused by positive emotions experienced by a helper 
B) an adult's concern for and commitment to the well-being of future generations 
C) the motivation to be moral and to engage in moral behavior 
D) a combination of dispositional factors correlated with prosocial and altruistic behaviors 
E) an adult's concern for whatever behavior provides the greatest satisfaction for him- or herself

Question 16

Thinking about being part of a group makes it is the only person around.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Thinking about being part of a group...

Question 17

Research suggests that cognitive empathy,involving perspective taking,is due to .

Accepted Answer

A) genetic factors only 
B) unknown factors 
C) environmental factors,such as early childhood experiences 
D) genetic factors and environmental factors 
E) hormonal influences before the time of birth 
A) genetic factors only 
B) unknown factors 
C) environmental factors,such as early childhood experiences 
D) genetic factors and environmental factors 
E) hormonal influences before the time of birth

Question 18

Describe the development of empathy.

Accepted Answer

Empathy is an affective and a cognitive

Question 19

Ron and Elaine are walking down the street when they see someone helping an old man across the road.On the next block,they see a woman having difficulty in trying to get across the street.Elaine says,"We'd better give her a hand." The woman who initially helped the old man .

Accepted Answer

A) decreased the diffusion of responsibility 
B) due to self-monitoring effects 
C) helped increase other directed affect 
D) acted as a role model 
E) acted as a boost to egocentrism 
A) decreased the diffusion of responsibility 
B) due to self-monitoring effects 
C) helped increase other directed affect 
D) acted as a role model 
E) acted as a boost to egocentrism

Question 20

Negative emotions in bystanders can increase the probability of helping behaviors if the emergency is not ambiguous, ,and .

Accepted Answer

A) empathy for the person needing help is relatively weak; the helping behaviors are relatively easy to perform 
B) the negative emotions are partially offset by positive emotions; empathy for the person needing help is relatively weak 
C) the helping behaviors are relatively simple,not requiring much thought; the individual who needs help is relatively interesting 
D) the negative emotions are strongly felt; the helping behaviors are relatively uninteresting 
E) the negative emotions are not too intense; the helping behaviors are relatively interesting and satisfying 
A) empathy for the person needing help is relatively weak; the helping behaviors are relatively easy to perform 
B) the negative emotions are partially offset by positive emotions; empathy for the person needing help is relatively weak 
C) the helping behaviors are relatively simple,not requiring much thought; the individual who needs help is relatively interesting 
D) the negative emotions are strongly felt; the helping behaviors are relatively uninteresting 
E) the negative emotions are not too intense; the helping behaviors are relatively interesting and satisfying

Discuss what is meant by an altruistic personality.

A New York City taxi cab driver once intervened and stopped what he perceived to be a mugging in progress-even though it actually was a group of actors performing a scene for a television sketch.The taxi driver probably intervened due to .

A common factor that increases the likelihood of helping behavior irrespective of the bystander's emotional state is .

Based on Burnstein's research,if a person were confronted with rescuing a person or animal in a burning building,s/he would more likely rescue a than a .

Self-interest is .

Before offering help,a bystander must decide that she or he has a responsibility to provide help.This is UNLIKELY to occur if .

Kin selection refers to .

Oliver is experiencing a major financial crisis and is in need of help.Given this information,which of the following statements is MOST accurate?

The bystander effect is .

Marian,who is wearing a distinctive and pleasant perfume,has dropped all of the contents of her purse and is in need of assistance.The fact that she is wearing perfume should .

More witnesses to an armed robbery leaves the scene.

In Hardy and Van Vugt's experiment,participants made "contributions" to a "group fund." All contributions were either made known to all participants or not made known.Which of the following best states the results?

Generativity is .

Thinking about being part of a group makes it is the only person around.

Research suggests that cognitive empathy,involving perspective taking,is due to .

Describe the development of empathy.

Ron and Elaine are walking down the street when they see someone helping an old man across the road.On the next block,they see a woman having difficulty in trying to get across the street.Elaine says,"We'd better give her a hand." The woman who initially helped the old man .

Negative emotions in bystanders can increase the probability of helping behaviors if the emergency is not ambiguous, ,and .

Social Psychology: The Science of the Social Side of Life

Social Cognition: How We Think About the Social World

Social Perception: Perceiving and Understanding Others

The Self: Answering the Question Who Am I

Attitudes: Evaluating and Responding to the Social World

The Causes,effects,and Cures of Stereotyping,prejudice,and Discrimination

Interpersonal Attraction and Close Relationships

Social Influence: Changing Others Behavior

Aggression: Its Nature,causes,and Control

Groups and Individuals: the Consequences of Belonging

Social Psychology: Applying Its Principles to Law,health,and Business

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Exam 9: Prosocial Behavior: Helping Others

Discuss what is meant by an altruistic personality.

A New York City taxi cab driver once intervened and stopped what he perceived to be a mugging in progress-even though it actually was a group of actors performing a scene for a television sketch.The taxi driver probably intervened due to .

A common factor that increases the likelihood of helping behavior irrespective of the bystander's emotional state is .

Based on Burnstein's research,if a person were confronted with rescuing a person or animal in a burning building,s/he would more likely rescue a than a .

Self-interest is .

Before offering help,a bystander must decide that she or he has a responsibility to provide help.This is UNLIKELY to occur if .

Kin selection refers to .

Oliver is experiencing a major financial crisis and is in need of help.Given this information,which of the following statements is MOST accurate?

The bystander effect is .

Marian,who is wearing a distinctive and pleasant perfume,has dropped all of the contents of her purse and is in need of assistance.The fact that she is wearing perfume should .

More witnesses to an armed robbery leaves the scene.

In Hardy and Van Vugt's experiment,participants made "contributions" to a "group fund." All contributions were either made known to all participants or not made known.Which of the following best states the results?

Generativity is .

Thinking about being part of a group makes it is the only person around.

Research suggests that cognitive empathy,involving perspective taking,is due to .

Describe the development of empathy.

Ron and Elaine are walking down the street when they see someone helping an old man across the road.On the next block,they see a woman having difficulty in trying to get across the street.Elaine says,"We'd better give her a hand." The woman who initially helped the old man .

Negative emotions in bystanders can increase the probability of helping behaviors if the emergency is not ambiguous, ,and .

Social Psychology: The Science of the Social Side of Life

Social Cognition: How We Think About the Social World

Social Perception: Perceiving and Understanding Others

The Self: Answering the Question Who Am I

Attitudes: Evaluating and Responding to the Social World

The Causes,effects,and Cures of Stereotyping,prejudice,and Discrimination

Interpersonal Attraction and Close Relationships

Social Influence: Changing Others Behavior

Aggression: Its Nature,causes,and Control

Groups and Individuals: the Consequences of Belonging

Social Psychology: Applying Its Principles to Law,health,and Business

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