Exam 9: Prosocial Behavior: Helping Others

Joyce believes that she can choose to act in ways that maximize positive outcomes and minimize negative ones.Penny believes that her behaviors do not usually influence the outcomes of various situations to any great extent,but that most things are determined by luck or things that are beyond her control.Joyce has and Penny has .

Bystanders frequently fail to respond to an emergency because no one else is responding.We tend to rely on what others say and do when we are not sure of the nature of the situation or of what behaviors to engage in.This is known as .

In general,people doing volunteer work tend to help AIDS victims .

How would you define moral hypocrisy? What are the two main motivations for moral hypocrisy? Describe the coin-flipping experiment.That is,did participants agree it was a fair way to apportion who got to do the interesting versus boring)experimental procedure? And what percentage actually engaged in the coin-flipping? Of those who flipped the coin,what behaviors did some coin-flippers engage in? What percentage of them engaged in it?

In an experiment,what was found about empathy as it relates to one's social group or national group? Did an appeal to empathy for a person experiencing a bad problem have any effect? Was the effect stronger or weaker for either one's own,or the other,group? How does this relate to the kin selection idea?

Recent research into the biological basis for empathy suggests that two affective aspects are hereditary: and .

,an aspect of personality involving distrust,cynicism,egocentricity,and the desire to manipulate and control others is negatively related to helping.

Wayne and Cheryl were at a restaurant eating dinner when he noticed a faint smell of smoke coming from the air conditioning vent.No one else in the busy restaurant seemed to be concerned about the odor,and Wayne was not sure if it was the result of an electrical problem or of food scorching in the kitchen.Wayne's uncertainty,combined with the observation that others were not taking action,means that Wayne will probably .

Susan believes that each individual is responsible for trying to help anyone who needs assistance.This attitude is associated with .

Egocentric people tend .

A bystander can offer effective direct help only if .

Diffusion of responsibility can be triggered not only by the presence of others but also by cognitive processes induced in an experimental setting,leading to an

Moral integrity is .

Jenny,a five year old,may be MOST likely to exhibit helping behavior after watching .

If a bystander is in a particularly good mood for some reason,that bystander is to offer help in an ambiguous situation because the bystander may .

Suppose Roger,a religious fundamentalist,is told that three individuals - a homosexual,an unwed mother,and a college student - are in need of aid due to employment problems.Roger would be MOST likely to believe that aid should go to .