Exam 9: Prosocial Behavior: Helping Others

David sees a homeless person and thinks that "this guy has no one to blame but himself." Thus,David appears to believe that this homeless man's misfortunes are .

Recent research on volunteerism has shown that .

is a complex emotional and cognitive response to another's distress.

Receiving help that generates feelings of incompetence or helplessness may cause a recipient to avoid similar situations in future by engaging in .

As the number of bystanders who are present at an emergency increases,the probability that any one bystander will help ,and the length of time that passes before help occurs .

The fact that people are more willing to risk their own lives to save a family member than to save a stranger provides support for .

A bystander may ultimately decide not to help when confronted with an emergency situation if .

What is meant by "selective altruism"?

Aspects of personality that tend to influence prosocial behavior are .

Volunteers who continue their volunteer work for more than two years tend to be motivated by .

Oscar is alone resting on a beach when he notices someone who appears to be floundering in the ocean.Since he does not know how to swim,Oscar realizes that he cannot help this individual himself.This example illustrates that .

Sarah was always a very gentle child who displayed a great deal of empathy for others.Her parents,as a major influence in her life,were a positive influence on her.As she enters the teen years, .

Emily,who is always slightly depressed,helps a child find its mom at the mall.Emily is surprised to find her mood has improved.This is likely because

In a Batson experiment that illustrates one aspect of the empathy-altruism hypothesis,participants watched a "fellow student" receiving an fake)electric shock.When the "student" complained,and said she had had a bad experience with electricity as a child,the participant was asked if the participant wanted to help by trading places with her.Participants were more willing to trade places if the student was .

Frank is a young musician who sometimes earns extra money by playing guitar on a down-town street corner during the lunch hour .He sometimes puts a dollar and a few coins in his open guitar case before he starts playing.Frank does this because .

Jenny was deeply touched by a television appeal to help the homeless,starving children in Africa whose parents had died of AIDS.She feels overwhelmed by the size of the problem,however,and doesn't believe that she can help all who need assistance.She has agreed to "adopt" one single orphan whose picture she saw.This illustrates .

Someone who engages in behaviors to help others without directly benefiting him- or her-self from that act is engaged in .

Bad feelings can come from being socially excluded.When this happens,people are more likely to .

Paul,an active two-year-old,has developed a very secure attachment to his mother.In addition,his parents encourage Paul to watch TV shows such as Barney.As a result,Paul is likely to grow up .

Receiving help can cause a negative emotional response if .