Question 1

A process in which the learner actively monitors events and then chooses later actions based on those observation is known as:

Accepted Answer

A)  true imitation. 
B)  observational learning. 
C)  cognitive learning. 
D)  social conformity. 
A)  true imitation. 
B)  observational learning. 
C)  cognitive learning. 
D)  social conformity.

Question 2

Researchers hypothesized that mirror neurons provide a basic mechanism for simple _____, allowing researchers to directly examine the mechanisms better.

Accepted Answer

A)  conditioning 
B)  association 
C)  emulation 
D)  imitation 
A)  conditioning 
B)  association 
C)  emulation 
D)  imitation

Question 3

The process in which an observer learns something new through experiences with others is called:

Accepted Answer

A)  observational conditioning. 
B)  stimulus enhancement. 
C)  social transmission of information. 
D)  emotional contagion. 
A)  observational conditioning. 
B)  stimulus enhancement. 
C)  social transmission of information. 
D)  emotional contagion.

Question 4

Zachary's dog Buddy, like many dogs, enjoys chasing the little red spot of light from a laser pointer when Zachary moves the light around the carpet. Zachary's new puppy Zoe observed Buddy chasing the light, which drew her attention to the light, and she began chasing it just like Buddy did. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

A)  observational conditioning. 
B)  stimulus enhancement. 
C)  social conformity. 
D)  emotional contagion. 
A)  observational conditioning. 
B)  stimulus enhancement. 
C)  social conformity. 
D)  emotional contagion.

Question 5

Maxwell is excited to see that a graduate from his high school works at a digital company designing games. He selects computer programing and engineering as his major at college, hoping to enjoy the same excitement when he succeeds. This example illustrates that individuals are likely to copy models when:

Accepted Answer

A)  the model is present. 
B)  the model's actions are remembered. 
C)  they have a chance to copy the behavior. 
D)  the outcome they observe is a positive one. 
A)  the model is present. 
B)  the model's actions are remembered. 
C)  they have a chance to copy the behavior. 
D)  the outcome they observe is a positive one.

Question 6

Children with autism:

Accepted Answer

A)  cannot recognize when they are being imitated. 
B)  show more impairment of meaningful gestures than meaningless ones. 
C)  have problems with perspective taking. 
D)  have more trouble imitating individual actions than sequences of actions. 
A)  cannot recognize when they are being imitated. 
B)  show more impairment of meaningful gestures than meaningless ones. 
C)  have problems with perspective taking. 
D)  have more trouble imitating individual actions than sequences of actions.

Question 7

Which statement is TRUE regarding vocal learning in songbirds?

Accepted Answer

A)  Baby birds raised without contact with their own species still learn their own song. 
B)  If young birds are exposed to both the songs of their own species and the songs of a different species, they will readily learn both species' songs. 
C)  The songs that birds sing are genetically predetermined. 
D)  The songs that birds sing can show differences in dialect. 
A)  Baby birds raised without contact with their own species still learn their own song. 
B)  If young birds are exposed to both the songs of their own species and the songs of a different species, they will readily learn both species' songs. 
C)  The songs that birds sing are genetically predetermined. 
D)  The songs that birds sing can show differences in dialect.

Question 8

Perspective taking is an ability:

Accepted Answer

A)  that requires visual acknowledgement of the situation. 
B)  that depends on the individual's observation of the event. 
C)  that occurs only for relatively complex behaviors. 
D)  to imagine oneself in the place of another. 
A)  that requires visual acknowledgement of the situation. 
B)  that depends on the individual's observation of the event. 
C)  that occurs only for relatively complex behaviors. 
D)  to imagine oneself in the place of another.

Question 9

The inborn tendency to react emotionally to stimuli that indicate emotion in other members of one's species is called:

Accepted Answer

A)  observational conditioning. 
B)  stimulus enhancement. 
C)  imitation. 
D)  emotional contagion. 
A)  observational conditioning. 
B)  stimulus enhancement. 
C)  imitation. 
D)  emotional contagion.

Question 10

In a nursery, if one baby starts crying, there is a tendency for the other babies to also start crying. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

A)  observational conditioning. 
B)  stimulus enhancement. 
C)  vocal learning. 
D)  emotional contagion. 
A)  observational conditioning. 
B)  stimulus enhancement. 
C)  vocal learning. 
D)  emotional contagion.

Question 11

Tony is excited when he watches his high school football team win the championship. He decides to try out for the team the following year, hoping that he will get to enjoy the same excitement he observes in the players he sees on the team. His behavior demonstrates that people are more likely to copy models:

Accepted Answer

A)  who are similar to themselves. 
B)  whom they admire. 
C)  when the outcome is desirable. 
D)  when they have the motor capabilities to perform the same actions. 
A)  who are similar to themselves. 
B)  whom they admire. 
C)  when the outcome is desirable. 
D)  when they have the motor capabilities to perform the same actions.

Question 12

Which statement is TRUE regarding emotional contagion?

Accepted Answer

A)  It usually involves motor acts that have been learned. 
B)  The actions that result from emotional contagion are usually different from the observed actions. 
C)  The copied reaction is an unconditioned response. 
D)  All of the statements are true. 
A)  It usually involves motor acts that have been learned. 
B)  The actions that result from emotional contagion are usually different from the observed actions. 
C)  The copied reaction is an unconditioned response. 
D)  All of the statements are true.

Question 13

Which statement is TRUE regarding violent entertainment and aggressive behavior?

Accepted Answer

A)  The rate of homicides increased after TV was introduced, even in countries where TV was banned. 
B)  Level of arousal does not seem to play a role in the likelihood of a person behaving aggressively. 
C)  Children who play violent video games behave more aggressively than children who play nonviolent video games. 
D)  Children who watch the same violent TV show multiple times are more likely to behave aggressively than children who watch that same show only once. 
A)  The rate of homicides increased after TV was introduced, even in countries where TV was banned. 
B)  Level of arousal does not seem to play a role in the likelihood of a person behaving aggressively. 
C)  Children who play violent video games behave more aggressively than children who play nonviolent video games. 
D)  Children who watch the same violent TV show multiple times are more likely to behave aggressively than children who watch that same show only once.

Question 14

_____ is the act of doing what one observes another organism doing.

Accepted Answer

A)  Simulation 
B)  Emulation 
C)  Copying 
D)  Perspective taking 
A)  Simulation 
B)  Emulation 
C)  Copying 
D)  Perspective taking

Question 15

Which scenario is an example of emotional contagion?

Accepted Answer

A)  A baby cries in the pediatrician's office, and the other babies begin to cry as well. 
B)  A dog salivates at the sound of a bell. 
C)  A young child cries at the site of her mom. 
D)  Repeated shocks have taught the mouse to stay in the corner whether or not a shock is received. 
A)  A baby cries in the pediatrician's office, and the other babies begin to cry as well. 
B)  A dog salivates at the sound of a bell. 
C)  A young child cries at the site of her mom. 
D)  Repeated shocks have taught the mouse to stay in the corner whether or not a shock is received.

Question 16

In Bandura's Bobo doll study, it was found that:

Accepted Answer

A)  aggressive behavior transferred to other contexts. 
B)  for girls, aggression was more common when they observed a female model than a male model. 
C)  only the children who were first provoked showed aggression toward the Bobo doll. 
D)  the attack styles of the children who behaved aggressively were different from the attack styles of the models they observed. 
A)  aggressive behavior transferred to other contexts. 
B)  for girls, aggression was more common when they observed a female model than a male model. 
C)  only the children who were first provoked showed aggression toward the Bobo doll. 
D)  the attack styles of the children who behaved aggressively were different from the attack styles of the models they observed.

Question 17

According to studies of social transmission of food preferences in rats, which brain area(s) seem(s) particularly important for learning of novel food preferences from demonstrator rats?

Accepted Answer

A)  the basal forebrain 
B)  the basal forebrain and the cortex 
C)  the hippocampus and the cortex 
D)  the hippocampus 
A)  the basal forebrain 
B)  the basal forebrain and the cortex 
C)  the hippocampus and the cortex 
D)  the hippocampus

Question 18

Linda has never been afraid of spiders, but she constantly sees her mom scream at the site of one. Eventually, Linda develops a fear of spiders; this is an example of:

Accepted Answer

A)  phobia. 
B)  classical conditioning. 
C)  emotional contagion. 
D)  observational conditioning. 
A)  phobia. 
B)  classical conditioning. 
C)  emotional contagion. 
D)  observational conditioning.

Question 19

One of the most important elements in copying a behavior is having a reason to repeat the observed action. Bandura referred to this as:

Accepted Answer

A)  presence of a model. 
B)  accessible format. 
C)  ability to reproduce the action. 
D)  motivation for reproducing. 
A)  presence of a model. 
B)  accessible format. 
C)  ability to reproduce the action. 
D)  motivation for reproducing.

Question 20

Studies of copying in humans and chimpanzees have shown that _____ are more likely to emulate a model's behavior than _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  human adults; chimpanzees 
B)  human children; human adults 
C)  human children; chimpanzees 
D)  chimpanzees; human children 
A)  human adults; chimpanzees 
B)  human children; human adults 
C)  human children; chimpanzees 
D)  chimpanzees; human children

A process in which the learner actively monitors events and then chooses later actions based on those observation is known as:

Researchers hypothesized that mirror neurons provide a basic mechanism for simple _____, allowing researchers to directly examine the mechanisms better.

The process in which an observer learns something new through experiences with others is called:

Children with autism:

Which statement is TRUE regarding vocal learning in songbirds?

Perspective taking is an ability:

The inborn tendency to react emotionally to stimuli that indicate emotion in other members of one's species is called:

In a nursery, if one baby starts crying, there is a tendency for the other babies to also start crying. This is an example of:

Which statement is TRUE regarding emotional contagion?

Which statement is TRUE regarding violent entertainment and aggressive behavior?

_____ is the act of doing what one observes another organism doing.

Which scenario is an example of emotional contagion?

In Bandura's Bobo doll study, it was found that:

According to studies of social transmission of food preferences in rats, which brain area(s) seem(s) particularly important for learning of novel food preferences from demonstrator rats?

Linda has never been afraid of spiders, but she constantly sees her mom scream at the site of one. Eventually, Linda develops a fear of spiders; this is an example of:

One of the most important elements in copying a behavior is having a reason to repeat the observed action. Bandura referred to this as:

Studies of copying in humans and chimpanzees have shown that _ are more likely to emulate a model's behavior than _.

Fundamental Themes in the Psychology of Learning and Memory

The Neuroscience of Learning and Memory

Habituation, Sensitization, and Familiarization:

Classical Conditioning:

Operant Conditioning:

Generalization, Discrimination Learning, and Concept Formation

Episodic and Semantic Memory:

Skill Memory:

Working Memory and Cognitive Control

Emotional Influences on Learning and Memory

Development and Aging:learning and Memory Across the Lifespan

Filters

Exam 11: Social Learning and Memory:

A process in which the learner actively monitors events and then chooses later actions based on those observation is known as:

Researchers hypothesized that mirror neurons provide a basic mechanism for simple _____, allowing researchers to directly examine the mechanisms better.

The process in which an observer learns something new through experiences with others is called:

Children with autism:

Which statement is TRUE regarding vocal learning in songbirds?

Perspective taking is an ability:

The inborn tendency to react emotionally to stimuli that indicate emotion in other members of one's species is called:

In a nursery, if one baby starts crying, there is a tendency for the other babies to also start crying. This is an example of:

Which statement is TRUE regarding emotional contagion?

Which statement is TRUE regarding violent entertainment and aggressive behavior?

_____ is the act of doing what one observes another organism doing.

Which scenario is an example of emotional contagion?

In Bandura's Bobo doll study, it was found that:

According to studies of social transmission of food preferences in rats, which brain area(s) seem(s) particularly important for learning of novel food preferences from demonstrator rats?

Linda has never been afraid of spiders, but she constantly sees her mom scream at the site of one. Eventually, Linda develops a fear of spiders; this is an example of:

One of the most important elements in copying a behavior is having a reason to repeat the observed action. Bandura referred to this as:

Studies of copying in humans and chimpanzees have shown that _____ are more likely to emulate a model's behavior than _____.

Fundamental Themes in the Psychology of Learning and Memory

The Neuroscience of Learning and Memory

Habituation, Sensitization, and Familiarization:

Classical Conditioning:

Operant Conditioning:

Generalization, Discrimination Learning, and Concept Formation

Episodic and Semantic Memory:

Skill Memory:

Working Memory and Cognitive Control

Emotional Influences on Learning and Memory

Development and Aging:learning and Memory Across the Lifespan

Filters

Studies of copying in humans and chimpanzees have shown that _ are more likely to emulate a model's behavior than _.