Question 1

Explain how a dual-task paradigm (such as the one used by Brooks) can demonstrate the existence of separate memory buffers.

Accepted Answer

Understand the logic of such an experiment. For example, if two tasks use separate buffers, they will not interfere with each other. Merely describing the details of the Brooks experiment would not necessarily demonstrate this understanding on its own.

Question 2

In Baddeley's working memory model which system holds visual and spatial images for manipulation?

Accepted Answer

A)  the visuospatial sketchpad 
B)  the phonological loop 
C)  the central executive 
D)  the iconic memory 
A)  the visuospatial sketchpad 
B)  the phonological loop 
C)  the central executive 
D)  the iconic memory A

Question 3

It has been suggested that, in ADHD, the basal ganglia:

Accepted Answer

A)  send inappropriate signals to the prefrontal cortex. 
B)  do not seem to communicate with the prefrontal cortex at all. 
C)  suppress genes that normally regulate attention. 
D)  do not send enough information to the cerebellum. 
A)  send inappropriate signals to the prefrontal cortex. 
B)  do not seem to communicate with the prefrontal cortex at all. 
C)  suppress genes that normally regulate attention. 
D)  do not send enough information to the cerebellum. A

Question 4

In Baddeley's working-memory model which system maintains auditory memories through subvocal rehearsal?

Accepted Answer

A)  the visuospatial sketchpad 
B)  the phonological loop 
C)  the central executive 
D)  the iconic memory 
A)  the visuospatial sketchpad 
B)  the phonological loop 
C)  the central executive 
D)  the iconic memory

Question 5

The _____ prefrontal cortex seems to be active during _____ encoding.

Accepted Answer

A)  dorsolateral; incidental 
B)  dorsolateral; intentional 
C)  ventrolateral; incidental 
D)  ventrolateral; intentional 
A)  dorsolateral; incidental 
B)  dorsolateral; intentional 
C)  ventrolateral; incidental 
D)  ventrolateral; intentional

Question 6

Rebecca takes a dance class in which the first exercise the class does is always the same. But one day, the dance instructor changed the first exercise. Out of habit, Rebecca persisted in doing the exercise she was used to, until she realized everyone else was doing something different. The task her central executive is MOST concerned with in this example is:

Accepted Answer

A)  controlled updating of short-term memory buffers. 
B)  setting goals and planning. 
C)  task switching. 
D)  stimulus selection and response inhibition. 
A)  controlled updating of short-term memory buffers. 
B)  setting goals and planning. 
C)  task switching. 
D)  stimulus selection and response inhibition.

Question 7

Describe what limits the ability to hold information in short-term memory.

Accepted Answer

Include (1) capacity being lim

Question 8

The results of functional brain imaging studies suggest that the:

Accepted Answer

A)  left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex is specialized for processing verbal material. 
B)  right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex is specialized for processing verbal material. 
C)  left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex has a dominant role in all monitoring processes. 
D)  right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex is specialized for processing visual material. 
A)  left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex is specialized for processing verbal material. 
B)  right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex is specialized for processing verbal material. 
C)  left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex has a dominant role in all monitoring processes. 
D)  right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex is specialized for processing visual material.

Question 9

A neuromodulator that alters neuron-to-neuron communication is known as:

Accepted Answer

A)  serotonin. 
B)  dopamine. 
C)  epinephrine. 
D)  glutamic acid. 
A)  serotonin. 
B)  dopamine. 
C)  epinephrine. 
D)  glutamic acid.

Question 10

The research relating working memory to intelligence has shown that:

Accepted Answer

A)  speed of processing is an important determinant of one's score on an intelligence test. 
B)  general intelligence is associated with a strong working memory. 
C)  people with low scores on working memory tests tend to achieve high verbal SAT scores. 
D)  the ability to use the phonological loop is an important determinant of intelligence level. 
A)  speed of processing is an important determinant of one's score on an intelligence test. 
B)  general intelligence is associated with a strong working memory. 
C)  people with low scores on working memory tests tend to achieve high verbal SAT scores. 
D)  the ability to use the phonological loop is an important determinant of intelligence level.

Question 11

How many independent short-term memory buffers are included in Baddeley's working-memory model?

Accepted Answer

A)  2 
B)  3 
C)  5 
D)  10 
A)  2 
B)  3 
C)  5 
D)  10

Question 12

Which part of the prefrontal cortex seems to be particularly involved in working memory functions?

Accepted Answer

A)  orbital 
B)  medial 
C)  lateral 
D)  posterior 
A)  orbital 
B)  medial 
C)  lateral 
D)  posterior

Question 13

The dorsolateral prefrontal cortex seems to be involved in the functions of which component of working memory?

Accepted Answer

A)  the central executive 
B)  the phonological loop 
C)  the visuospatial sketchpad 
D)  transient memory 
A)  the central executive 
B)  the phonological loop 
C)  the visuospatial sketchpad 
D)  transient memory

Question 14

Explain what the word-length effect demonstrates regarding rehearsal in the phonological loop.

Accepted Answer

Demonstrate understanding that

Question 15

State-based models of memory are known as:

Accepted Answer

A)  executive control. 
B)  cognitive control. 
C)  multi-store. 
D)  unitary-store. 
A)  executive control. 
B)  cognitive control. 
C)  multi-store. 
D)  unitary-store.

Question 16

Place models of memory are known as:

Accepted Answer

A)  executive control. 
B)  cognitive control. 
C)  multi-store. 
D)  unitary-store. 
A)  executive control. 
B)  cognitive control. 
C)  multi-store. 
D)  unitary-store.

Question 17

Charles must study for two exams and write a term paper. He needs to decide how to distribute his work during the day, including how much time to spend studying each subject, when to work on the term paper, how much he needs to accomplish before taking a break, and so forth. The task his central executive is MOST concerned with in this example is:

Accepted Answer

A)  controlled updating of short-term memory buffers. 
B)  setting goals and planning. 
C)  task switching. 
D)  stimulus selection and response inhibition. 
A)  controlled updating of short-term memory buffers. 
B)  setting goals and planning. 
C)  task switching. 
D)  stimulus selection and response inhibition.

Question 18

Suppose one is performing a 2-back test where the target is the number 9. What number would one have to report if presented with the sequence 2 8 5 4 7 9 1 6 3?

Accepted Answer

A)  4 
B)  6 
C)  7 
D)  9 
A)  4 
B)  6 
C)  7 
D)  9

Question 19

The children's game Concentration involves finding pairs of cards that match by turning over two at a time, and replacing them if they do not match. The game requires memory for the locations of the cards. This game makes particular use of the:

Accepted Answer

A)  visuospatial sketchpad. 
B)  phonological loop. 
C)  long-term memory. 
D)  sensory memory. 
A)  visuospatial sketchpad. 
B)  phonological loop. 
C)  long-term memory. 
D)  sensory memory.

Question 20

Describe the contribution of the different aspects of working memory to the activities associated with throwing a party. For each component, describe which region in the prefrontal cortex is MOST critical.

Accepted Answer

Describe at least three activities, one

Explain how a dual-task paradigm (such as the one used by Brooks) can demonstrate the existence of separate memory buffers.

In Baddeley's working memory model which system holds visual and spatial images for manipulation?

It has been suggested that, in ADHD, the basal ganglia:

In Baddeley's working-memory model which system maintains auditory memories through subvocal rehearsal?

The _ prefrontal cortex seems to be active during _ encoding.

Describe what limits the ability to hold information in short-term memory.

The results of functional brain imaging studies suggest that the:

A neuromodulator that alters neuron-to-neuron communication is known as:

The research relating working memory to intelligence has shown that:

How many independent short-term memory buffers are included in Baddeley's working-memory model?

Which part of the prefrontal cortex seems to be particularly involved in working memory functions?

The dorsolateral prefrontal cortex seems to be involved in the functions of which component of working memory?

Explain what the word-length effect demonstrates regarding rehearsal in the phonological loop.

State-based models of memory are known as:

Place models of memory are known as:

Suppose one is performing a 2-back test where the target is the number 9. What number would one have to report if presented with the sequence 2 8 5 4 7 9 1 6 3?

The children's game Concentration involves finding pairs of cards that match by turning over two at a time, and replacing them if they do not match. The game requires memory for the locations of the cards. This game makes particular use of the:

Describe the contribution of the different aspects of working memory to the activities associated with throwing a party. For each component, describe which region in the prefrontal cortex is MOST critical.

Fundamental Themes in the Psychology of Learning and Memory

The Neuroscience of Learning and Memory

Habituation, Sensitization, and Familiarization:

Classical Conditioning:

Operant Conditioning:

Generalization, Discrimination Learning, and Concept Formation

Episodic and Semantic Memory:

Skill Memory:

Emotional Influences on Learning and Memory

Social Learning and Memory:

Development and Aging:learning and Memory Across the Lifespan

Filters

Exam 9: Working Memory and Cognitive Control

Explain how a dual-task paradigm (such as the one used by Brooks) can demonstrate the existence of separate memory buffers.

In Baddeley's working memory model which system holds visual and spatial images for manipulation?

It has been suggested that, in ADHD, the basal ganglia:

In Baddeley's working-memory model which system maintains auditory memories through subvocal rehearsal?

The _____ prefrontal cortex seems to be active during _____ encoding.

Describe what limits the ability to hold information in short-term memory.

The results of functional brain imaging studies suggest that the:

A neuromodulator that alters neuron-to-neuron communication is known as:

The research relating working memory to intelligence has shown that:

How many independent short-term memory buffers are included in Baddeley's working-memory model?

Which part of the prefrontal cortex seems to be particularly involved in working memory functions?

The dorsolateral prefrontal cortex seems to be involved in the functions of which component of working memory?

Explain what the word-length effect demonstrates regarding rehearsal in the phonological loop.

State-based models of memory are known as:

Place models of memory are known as:

Suppose one is performing a 2-back test where the target is the number 9. What number would one have to report if presented with the sequence 2 8 5 4 7 9 1 6 3?

The children's game Concentration involves finding pairs of cards that match by turning over two at a time, and replacing them if they do not match. The game requires memory for the locations of the cards. This game makes particular use of the:

Describe the contribution of the different aspects of working memory to the activities associated with throwing a party. For each component, describe which region in the prefrontal cortex is MOST critical.

Fundamental Themes in the Psychology of Learning and Memory

The Neuroscience of Learning and Memory

Habituation, Sensitization, and Familiarization:

Classical Conditioning:

Operant Conditioning:

Generalization, Discrimination Learning, and Concept Formation

Episodic and Semantic Memory:

Skill Memory:

Emotional Influences on Learning and Memory

Social Learning and Memory:

Development and Aging:learning and Memory Across the Lifespan

Filters

The _ prefrontal cortex seems to be active during _ encoding.