Question 1

Charles Darwin proposed three criteria for traits to evolve through natural selection. Which statement is relevant to survival?

Accepted Answer

A)  The shape of the finch beak ranges from thick to thin. 
B)  The neck of the giraffe ranges in length across the species. 
C)  The eagle's eyes allow it to see prey from very far distances. 
D)  The moth's colors allow it to camouflage in with the tree bark. 
A)  The shape of the finch beak ranges from thick to thin. 
B)  The neck of the giraffe ranges in length across the species. 
C)  The eagle's eyes allow it to see prey from very far distances. 
D)  The moth's colors allow it to camouflage in with the tree bark. D

Question 2

Describe the methods Hermann Ebbinghaus used for studying memory.

Accepted Answer

Include descriptions of relearning, variation of delay between study and test, and measuring outcomes in terms of time savings.

Question 3

Suppose one is trying to learn a list of words. It takes eight minutes to learn the list the first time. One studies the list again the next day and finds that it takes only two minutes. How much of a time savings has occurred?

Accepted Answer

A)  25 percent 
B)  75 percent 
C)  100 percent 
D)  125 percent 
A)  25 percent 
B)  75 percent 
C)  100 percent 
D)  125 percent B

Question 4

In experimental psychology, the group that receives the treatment is referred to as the:

Accepted Answer

A)  control group. 
B)  independent variable. 
C)  correlational group. 
D)  dependent variable. 
A)  control group. 
B)  independent variable. 
C)  correlational group. 
D)  dependent variable.

Question 5

If a rat receives a food reward whenever it presses a lever, the likelihood of the rat pressing the lever will increase. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

A)  classical conditioning. 
B)  generalization. 
C)  the law of effect. 
D)  the learning curve. 
A)  classical conditioning. 
B)  generalization. 
C)  the law of effect. 
D)  the learning curve.

Question 6

Which of these scientists is responsible for the number of digits in a standard phone number without the area code?

Accepted Answer

A)  John Locke 
B)  Edward Thorndike 
C)  David Rumelhart 
D)  George Miller 
A)  John Locke 
B)  Edward Thorndike 
C)  David Rumelhart 
D)  George Miller

Question 7

Jenny has three children. She believes that, as long as she treats them exactly the same, they will all grow up to have the same personality and intelligence level. Jenny's idea resembles that of which philosopher?

Accepted Answer

A)  Plato 
B)  René Descartes 
C)  Gottfried Leibniz 
D)  John Locke 
A)  Plato 
B)  René Descartes 
C)  Gottfried Leibniz 
D)  John Locke

Question 8

Suppose a student is trained to press the "A" key when a high-pitched tone is played and the "B" key when a low-pitched tone is played. Even after hundreds of trials of training, the student will probably still occasionally press the wrong button. How can this be explained by stimulus sampling theory?

Accepted Answer

A)  The student is tired and more prone to mistakes after so many trials. 
B)  The student may temporarily forget which key is the correct one after a while. 
C)  The connection between the tone and the key deteriorates after repeated presentation. 
D)  The tone activates a subset of elements that are not yet linked to the correct key. 
A)  The student is tired and more prone to mistakes after so many trials. 
B)  The student may temporarily forget which key is the correct one after a while. 
C)  The connection between the tone and the key deteriorates after repeated presentation. 
D)  The tone activates a subset of elements that are not yet linked to the correct key.

Question 9

The theory of evolution is relevant to the study of learning and memory because:

Accepted Answer

A)  learned information is passed on to offspring. 
B)  the type of information people learn varies across individuals. 
C)  people are born as "blank slates." 
D)  learning is useful in allowing organisms to adapt to the environment. 
A)  learned information is passed on to offspring. 
B)  the type of information people learn varies across individuals. 
C)  people are born as "blank slates." 
D)  learning is useful in allowing organisms to adapt to the environment.

Question 10

Humans and animals do not always make the same response to the same stimuli. Which theory provides an explanation for this apparent randomness in learning?

Accepted Answer

A)  Hull's mathematical model 
B)  stimulus sampling theory 
C)  information theory 
D)  radical behaviorism 
A)  Hull's mathematical model 
B)  stimulus sampling theory 
C)  information theory 
D)  radical behaviorism

Question 11

Who believed that children are born a "blank slate"?

Accepted Answer

A)  Gottfried Leibniz 
B)  Plato 
C)  John Locke 
D)  René Descartes 
A)  Gottfried Leibniz 
B)  Plato 
C)  John Locke 
D)  René Descartes

Question 12

An experimenter is interested in determining whether drug X will improve people's memories. The experimenter administers drug X to one group and nothing to another group, and then measures how well each group can recall a passage of text. Explain how experimenter bias and subject bias could be problems in this study. How could each problem be overcome?

Accepted Answer

Experimenter bias-if the experimenter kn

Question 13

Who proposed connectionist models of the mind?

Accepted Answer

A)  Clark Hull 
B)  Gordon Bower 
C)  David Rumelhart 
D)  George Miller 
A)  Clark Hull 
B)  Gordon Bower 
C)  David Rumelhart 
D)  George Miller

Question 14

Describe how Ivan Pavlov used classical conditioning to study salivation in dogs.

Accepted Answer

Include description of bell-fo

Question 15

If one believes that all babies are born with the potential to become great musicians, one would agree with the ideas of:

Accepted Answer

A)  Plato. 
B)  Gottfried Leibniz. 
C)  John Locke. 
D)  Francis Galton. 
A)  Plato. 
B)  Gottfried Leibniz. 
C)  John Locke. 
D)  Francis Galton.

Question 16

In Watson's studies, what was found to impair rats' ability to navigate through mazes they had previously learned?

Accepted Answer

A)  blinding the rats 
B)  removing the rats' whiskers 
C)  eliminating all odors in the maze 
D)  rotating the maze 
A)  blinding the rats 
B)  removing the rats' whiskers 
C)  eliminating all odors in the maze 
D)  rotating the maze

Question 17

Classical conditioning involves:

Accepted Answer

A)  learning that one stimulus predicts an important event. 
B)  studying lists of short nonsense words. 
C)  learning to make responses in order to obtain rewards or avoid punishment. 
D)  studying how to build computers to perform behaviors requiring human intelligence. 
A)  learning that one stimulus predicts an important event. 
B)  studying lists of short nonsense words. 
C)  learning to make responses in order to obtain rewards or avoid punishment. 
D)  studying how to build computers to perform behaviors requiring human intelligence.

Question 18

Gordon Bower believed that:

Accepted Answer

A)  learning is a gradual, incremental process. 
B)  it is important to look at the average of learning scores. 
C)  learning can be explained by a mathematical model. 
D)  All of the answers are correct. 
A)  learning is a gradual, incremental process. 
B)  it is important to look at the average of learning scores. 
C)  learning can be explained by a mathematical model. 
D)  All of the answers are correct.

Question 19

George Miller demonstrated that short-term memory capacity for digits was:

Accepted Answer

A)  between 10 and 20 digits. 
B)  virtually unlimited. 
C)  about 3 digits. 
D)  between 5 and 9 digits. 
A)  between 10 and 20 digits. 
B)  virtually unlimited. 
C)  about 3 digits. 
D)  between 5 and 9 digits.

Question 20

Explain why B. F. Skinner's form of behaviorism is called radical behaviorism.

Accepted Answer

Convey the notion that Skinner

Charles Darwin proposed three criteria for traits to evolve through natural selection. Which statement is relevant to survival?

Describe the methods Hermann Ebbinghaus used for studying memory.

Suppose one is trying to learn a list of words. It takes eight minutes to learn the list the first time. One studies the list again the next day and finds that it takes only two minutes. How much of a time savings has occurred?

In experimental psychology, the group that receives the treatment is referred to as the:

If a rat receives a food reward whenever it presses a lever, the likelihood of the rat pressing the lever will increase. This is an example of:

Which of these scientists is responsible for the number of digits in a standard phone number without the area code?

Jenny has three children. She believes that, as long as she treats them exactly the same, they will all grow up to have the same personality and intelligence level. Jenny's idea resembles that of which philosopher?

The theory of evolution is relevant to the study of learning and memory because:

Humans and animals do not always make the same response to the same stimuli. Which theory provides an explanation for this apparent randomness in learning?

Who believed that children are born a "blank slate"?

Who proposed connectionist models of the mind?

Describe how Ivan Pavlov used classical conditioning to study salivation in dogs.

If one believes that all babies are born with the potential to become great musicians, one would agree with the ideas of:

In Watson's studies, what was found to impair rats' ability to navigate through mazes they had previously learned?

Classical conditioning involves:

Gordon Bower believed that:

George Miller demonstrated that short-term memory capacity for digits was:

Explain why B. F. Skinner's form of behaviorism is called radical behaviorism.

The Neuroscience of Learning and Memory

Habituation, Sensitization, and Familiarization:

Classical Conditioning:

Operant Conditioning:

Generalization, Discrimination Learning, and Concept Formation

Episodic and Semantic Memory:

Skill Memory:

Working Memory and Cognitive Control

Emotional Influences on Learning and Memory

Social Learning and Memory:

Development and Aging:learning and Memory Across the Lifespan

Filters

Exam 1: Fundamental Themes in the Psychology of Learning and Memory

Charles Darwin proposed three criteria for traits to evolve through natural selection. Which statement is relevant to survival?

Describe the methods Hermann Ebbinghaus used for studying memory.

Suppose one is trying to learn a list of words. It takes eight minutes to learn the list the first time. One studies the list again the next day and finds that it takes only two minutes. How much of a time savings has occurred?

In experimental psychology, the group that receives the treatment is referred to as the:

If a rat receives a food reward whenever it presses a lever, the likelihood of the rat pressing the lever will increase. This is an example of:

Which of these scientists is responsible for the number of digits in a standard phone number without the area code?

Jenny has three children. She believes that, as long as she treats them exactly the same, they will all grow up to have the same personality and intelligence level. Jenny's idea resembles that of which philosopher?

The theory of evolution is relevant to the study of learning and memory because:

Humans and animals do not always make the same response to the same stimuli. Which theory provides an explanation for this apparent randomness in learning?

Who believed that children are born a "blank slate"?

Who proposed connectionist models of the mind?

Describe how Ivan Pavlov used classical conditioning to study salivation in dogs.

If one believes that all babies are born with the potential to become great musicians, one would agree with the ideas of:

In Watson's studies, what was found to impair rats' ability to navigate through mazes they had previously learned?

Classical conditioning involves:

Gordon Bower believed that:

George Miller demonstrated that short-term memory capacity for digits was:

Explain why B. F. Skinner's form of behaviorism is called radical behaviorism.

The Neuroscience of Learning and Memory

Habituation, Sensitization, and Familiarization:

Classical Conditioning:

Operant Conditioning:

Generalization, Discrimination Learning, and Concept Formation

Episodic and Semantic Memory:

Skill Memory:

Working Memory and Cognitive Control

Emotional Influences on Learning and Memory

Social Learning and Memory:

Development and Aging:learning and Memory Across the Lifespan

Filters