Question 1

If two stimuli differ within a single dimension-for example, tone frequency-the paradigm is referred to as:

Accepted Answer

A)  extradimensional discrimination. 
B)  intradimensional discrimination. 
C)  the discrete-component model. 
D)  the generalization gradient. 
A)  extradimensional discrimination. 
B)  intradimensional discrimination. 
C)  the discrete-component model. 
D)  the generalization gradient. B

Question 2

The shape of generalization gradients shows that two very similar stimuli are _____, while two very different stimuli are _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  expected to produce similar consequences; expected to produce different consequences 
B)  expected to produce different consequences; expected to produce similar consequences 
C)  difficult to tell apart; easy to tell apart 
D)  easy to tell apart; difficult to tell apart 
A)  expected to produce similar consequences; expected to produce different consequences 
B)  expected to produce different consequences; expected to produce similar consequences 
C)  difficult to tell apart; easy to tell apart 
D)  easy to tell apart; difficult to tell apart A

Question 3

Suppose a person lesions the hippocampus of a rabbit. The person presents a blue light and a yellow light together for several trials, and then presents just the yellow light followed by a shock until the rabbit is startled by the yellow light alone. How will the lesioned rabbit respond if the person now presents just the blue light?

Accepted Answer

A)  It will startle to the blue light, but not as strongly as it does to the yellow light. 
B)  It will startle just as strongly to the blue light as it does to the yellow light. 
C)  It will startle even more strongly to the blue light than it does to the yellow light. 
D)  It will not startle to the blue light at all. 
A)  It will startle to the blue light, but not as strongly as it does to the yellow light. 
B)  It will startle just as strongly to the blue light as it does to the yellow light. 
C)  It will startle even more strongly to the blue light than it does to the yellow light. 
D)  It will not startle to the blue light at all. D

Question 4

Jasmine quickly learned that she needed to use different techniques to calm her second child than those that had worked with her first child. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

A)  generalization. 
B)  discrimination. 
C)  sensory preconditioning. 
D)  negative patterning. 
A)  generalization. 
B)  discrimination. 
C)  sensory preconditioning. 
D)  negative patterning.

Question 5

Describe the role of the nucleus basalis in generalization.

Accepted Answer

Discuss ACH projection to the cortex, pr

Question 6

In a _____ representation, stimuli are represented by overlapping sets of nodes or stimulus elements.

Accepted Answer

A)  discrete-component 
B)  distributed 
C)  topographic 
D)  consequential 
A)  discrete-component 
B)  distributed 
C)  topographic 
D)  consequential

Question 7

Which statement is TRUE of stereotypes?

Accepted Answer

A)  They are problematic mainly when they are not applied rigidly enough. 
B)  They are rarely useful for guiding behavior. 
C)  They reflect one's basic tendency to generalize in order to predict future events. 
D)  All of the statements are true. 
A)  They are problematic mainly when they are not applied rigidly enough. 
B)  They are rarely useful for guiding behavior. 
C)  They reflect one's basic tendency to generalize in order to predict future events. 
D)  All of the statements are true.

Question 8

The theory that states that the probability of a response will increase or decrease depending on the outcome that follows is:

Accepted Answer

A)  stimulus sampling theory. 
B)  the law of effects. 
C)  the connectionist model. 
D)  distributed representation. 
A)  stimulus sampling theory. 
B)  the law of effects. 
C)  the connectionist model. 
D)  distributed representation.

Question 9

The rapid expansion of resources required to encode configurations as their number of component features increases produces:

Accepted Answer

A)  the consequential region. 
B)  a combinatorial explosion. 
C)  the generalization gradient. 
D)  a topographic representation. 
A)  the consequential region. 
B)  a combinatorial explosion. 
C)  the generalization gradient. 
D)  a topographic representation.

Question 10

Discrete-component representations provide a good description of:

Accepted Answer

A)  the generalization gradient. 
B)  how animals learn negative patterning. 
C)  learning about highly dissimilar stimuli. 
D)  configural learning in categorization. 
A)  the generalization gradient. 
B)  how animals learn negative patterning. 
C)  learning about highly dissimilar stimuli. 
D)  configural learning in categorization.

Question 11

The receptive field properties of A1 neurons can be explained by:

Accepted Answer

A)  the consequential region. 
B)  the homunculus. 
C)  distributed representations. 
D)  discrete-component representations. 
A)  the consequential region. 
B)  the homunculus. 
C)  distributed representations. 
D)  discrete-component representations.

Question 12

Suppose one pairs a light and a tone in the first phase of a sensory preconditioning paradigm. If one then pairs just the light with a food pellet, such that the light elicits a salivation response, the tone presented alone will:

Accepted Answer

A)  elicit no response. 
B)  elicit salivation only if the light is presented at the same time. 
C)  suppress salivation. 
D)  also elicit salivation. 
A)  elicit no response. 
B)  elicit salivation only if the light is presented at the same time. 
C)  suppress salivation. 
D)  also elicit salivation.

Question 13

Describe how one could use discrimination training to teach a rat to distinguish between a red light and a green light.

Accepted Answer

Describe a procedure that invo

Question 14

_____ representations use a unique node to represent each individual stimulus.

Accepted Answer

A)  Discrete-component 
B)  Distributed 
C)  Topographic 
D)  Consequential 
A)  Discrete-component 
B)  Distributed 
C)  Topographic 
D)  Consequential

Question 15

A detector for a unique configuration of two cues such as a certain tone and light is known as:

Accepted Answer

A)  similarity-based generalization. 
B)  acquired equivalence. 
C)  negative patterning. 
D)  configural nodes. 
A)  similarity-based generalization. 
B)  acquired equivalence. 
C)  negative patterning. 
D)  configural nodes.

Question 16

Describe an example of generalization in everyday life.

Accepted Answer

Example must show th

Question 17

In a _____ representation, nodes or neurons responding to physically similar stimuli are near each other.

Accepted Answer

A)  discrete-component 
B)  distributed 
C)  topographic 
D)  consequential 
A)  discrete-component 
B)  distributed 
C)  topographic 
D)  consequential

Question 18

When a discrete-component representation is used, there is:

Accepted Answer

A)  a lot of generalization. 
B)  no generalization. 
C)  no discrimination. 
D)  no discrimination or generalization. 
A)  a lot of generalization. 
B)  no generalization. 
C)  no discrimination. 
D)  no discrimination or generalization.

Question 19

A set of stimuli in the world that share the same consequence as the stimulus whose consequence is already known is referred to as:

Accepted Answer

A)  negative patterning. 
B)  consequential region. 
C)  the generalization gradient. 
D)  learned discrimination. 
A)  negative patterning. 
B)  consequential region. 
C)  the generalization gradient. 
D)  learned discrimination.

Question 20

To enable a network to accomplish negative patterning, one can:

Accepted Answer

A)  use combinatorial explosion. 
B)  include consequential regions. 
C)  include shared elements. 
D)  use configural nodes. 
A)  use combinatorial explosion. 
B)  include consequential regions. 
C)  include shared elements. 
D)  use configural nodes.

If two stimuli differ within a single dimension-for example, tone frequency-the paradigm is referred to as:

The shape of generalization gradients shows that two very similar stimuli are _, while two very different stimuli are _.

Jasmine quickly learned that she needed to use different techniques to calm her second child than those that had worked with her first child. This is an example of:

Describe the role of the nucleus basalis in generalization.

In a _____ representation, stimuli are represented by overlapping sets of nodes or stimulus elements.

Which statement is TRUE of stereotypes?

The theory that states that the probability of a response will increase or decrease depending on the outcome that follows is:

The rapid expansion of resources required to encode configurations as their number of component features increases produces:

Discrete-component representations provide a good description of:

The receptive field properties of A1 neurons can be explained by:

Suppose one pairs a light and a tone in the first phase of a sensory preconditioning paradigm. If one then pairs just the light with a food pellet, such that the light elicits a salivation response, the tone presented alone will:

Describe how one could use discrimination training to teach a rat to distinguish between a red light and a green light.

_____ representations use a unique node to represent each individual stimulus.

A detector for a unique configuration of two cues such as a certain tone and light is known as:

Describe an example of generalization in everyday life.

In a _____ representation, nodes or neurons responding to physically similar stimuli are near each other.

When a discrete-component representation is used, there is:

A set of stimuli in the world that share the same consequence as the stimulus whose consequence is already known is referred to as:

To enable a network to accomplish negative patterning, one can:

Fundamental Themes in the Psychology of Learning and Memory

The Neuroscience of Learning and Memory

Habituation, Sensitization, and Familiarization:

Classical Conditioning:

Operant Conditioning:

Episodic and Semantic Memory:

Skill Memory:

Working Memory and Cognitive Control

Emotional Influences on Learning and Memory

Social Learning and Memory:

Development and Aging:learning and Memory Across the Lifespan

Filters

Exam 6: Generalization, Discrimination Learning, and Concept Formation

If two stimuli differ within a single dimension-for example, tone frequency-the paradigm is referred to as:

The shape of generalization gradients shows that two very similar stimuli are _____, while two very different stimuli are _____.

Jasmine quickly learned that she needed to use different techniques to calm her second child than those that had worked with her first child. This is an example of:

Describe the role of the nucleus basalis in generalization.

In a _____ representation, stimuli are represented by overlapping sets of nodes or stimulus elements.

Which statement is TRUE of stereotypes?

The theory that states that the probability of a response will increase or decrease depending on the outcome that follows is:

The rapid expansion of resources required to encode configurations as their number of component features increases produces:

Discrete-component representations provide a good description of:

The receptive field properties of A1 neurons can be explained by:

Suppose one pairs a light and a tone in the first phase of a sensory preconditioning paradigm. If one then pairs just the light with a food pellet, such that the light elicits a salivation response, the tone presented alone will:

Describe how one could use discrimination training to teach a rat to distinguish between a red light and a green light.

_____ representations use a unique node to represent each individual stimulus.

A detector for a unique configuration of two cues such as a certain tone and light is known as:

Describe an example of generalization in everyday life.

In a _____ representation, nodes or neurons responding to physically similar stimuli are near each other.

When a discrete-component representation is used, there is:

A set of stimuli in the world that share the same consequence as the stimulus whose consequence is already known is referred to as:

To enable a network to accomplish negative patterning, one can:

Fundamental Themes in the Psychology of Learning and Memory

The Neuroscience of Learning and Memory

Habituation, Sensitization, and Familiarization:

Classical Conditioning:

Operant Conditioning:

Episodic and Semantic Memory:

Skill Memory:

Working Memory and Cognitive Control

Emotional Influences on Learning and Memory

Social Learning and Memory:

Development and Aging:learning and Memory Across the Lifespan

Filters

The shape of generalization gradients shows that two very similar stimuli are _, while two very different stimuli are _.