Question 1

Which of the following animal species is overrepresented in psychological research?

Accepted Answer

A)  orangutans 
B)  gorillas 
C)  ants 
D)  rats 
A)  orangutans 
B)  gorillas 
C)  ants 
D)  rats

Question 2

Explain why controlling many factors increases internal validity but decreases external validity.

Accepted Answer

Controlling many factors increases inter

Question 3

What is the most important property of any experiment?

Accepted Answer

A)  Environmental generalization 
B)  Temporal generalization 
C)  Population generalization 
D)  Internal validity 
A)  Environmental generalization 
B)  Temporal generalization 
C)  Population generalization 
D)  Internal validity

Question 4

Angela conducts a study demonstrating that active learning strategies in a research methods course produce greater understanding of the material than passive learning strategies. She hopes that her results will apply to other research methods courses outside of the one she studied. Angela is concerned with

Accepted Answer

A)  demand characteristics. 
B)  temporal generalization. 
C)  environmental generalization. 
D)  statistical regression. 
A)  demand characteristics. 
B)  temporal generalization. 
C)  environmental generalization. 
D)  statistical regression.

Question 5

What is cross-cultural psychology? Why is it important to consider cross-cultural psychology when discussing external validity?

Accepted Answer

Cross-cultural psychology is the study o

Question 6

How should a researcher guard against diffusion of treatment?

Accepted Answer

A)  Be sure to randomly assign participants to groups. 
B)  Do not choose participants who have very high or very low scores. 
C)  Check experimental equipment every day. 
D)  Tell participants not to talk to others about the experiment. 
A)  Be sure to randomly assign participants to groups. 
B)  Do not choose participants who have very high or very low scores. 
C)  Check experimental equipment every day. 
D)  Tell participants not to talk to others about the experiment.

Question 7

Describe the internal validity threat of testing and give an example.

Accepted Answer

The internal validity threat of testing

Question 8

Generalizability is most closely associated with

Accepted Answer

A)  internal validity. 
B)  external validity. 
C)  statistical regression. 
D)  instrumentation. 
A)  internal validity. 
B)  external validity. 
C)  statistical regression. 
D)  instrumentation.

Question 9

Which of the following groups is overrepresented as participants in psychological research?

Accepted Answer

A)  Europeans 
B)  Primates 
C)  College students 
D)  Psychology professors 
A)  Europeans 
B)  Primates 
C)  College students 
D)  Psychology professors

Question 10

Anderson and Bushman (1997) argue that if a study has low internal validity, a discussion of external validity is meaningless. Explain.

Accepted Answer

A study with low internal vali

Question 11

What is multiple-treatment interference?

Accepted Answer

A)  A threat to external validity that occurs when a set of findings results only when participants experience multiple treatments in the same experiment. 
B)  A threat to external validity that occurs when a treatment effect is found only for a specific sample of participants. 
C)  A threat to external validity that occurs when a pretest sensitizes participants to the treatment yet to come. 
D)  A threat to external validity caused by an experimental situation that alters participants' behavior, regardless of the IV involved. 
A)  A threat to external validity that occurs when a set of findings results only when participants experience multiple treatments in the same experiment. 
B)  A threat to external validity that occurs when a treatment effect is found only for a specific sample of participants. 
C)  A threat to external validity that occurs when a pretest sensitizes participants to the treatment yet to come. 
D)  A threat to external validity caused by an experimental situation that alters participants' behavior, regardless of the IV involved.

Question 12

Which of the following best reflects Mook's (1983) position on external validity?

Accepted Answer

A)  External validity is more important than internal validity. 
B)  Temporal generalization is more important than environmental generalization. 
C)  Environmental generalization is more important than temporal generalization. 
D)  External validity is not always necessary. 
A)  External validity is more important than internal validity. 
B)  Temporal generalization is more important than environmental generalization. 
C)  Environmental generalization is more important than temporal generalization. 
D)  External validity is not always necessary.

Question 13

When a treatment effect is found only for a specific sample of participants, it is referred to as a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  interaction of selection and treatment. 
B)  interaction of testing and treatment. 
C)  multiple-treatment interference. 
D)  reactive arrangement. 
A)  interaction of selection and treatment. 
B)  interaction of testing and treatment. 
C)  multiple-treatment interference. 
D)  reactive arrangement.

Question 14

What are interactions with selection? Give an example and explain why it's a threat to internal validity.

Accepted Answer

Interactions with selection refer to sit

Question 15

Early social psychologists were _______ likely to use diverse populations in their research compared to current social psychologists.

Accepted Answer

A)  more 
B)  less 
C)  as 
D)  None of the above. 
A)  more 
B)  less 
C)  as 
D)  None of the above.

Question 16

_________ was the first African American woman to earn a doctorate in psychology in 1934.

Accepted Answer

A)  Carol Tavris 
B)  Anna Freud 
C)  B.F. Skinner 
D)  Ruth Winifred Howard 
A)  Carol Tavris 
B)  Anna Freud 
C)  B.F. Skinner 
D)  Ruth Winifred Howard

Question 17

Why are college students so often participants in psychological research? What are some drawbacks to using college students as participants, according to Sears (1986)?

Accepted Answer

College students are often participants

Question 18

Explain how demand characteristics and reactive arrangements affect generalizability.

Accepted Answer

Demand characteristics and reactive arra

Question 19

Harlow's research on baby rhesus monkeys showed that the baby monkeys preferred the

Accepted Answer

A)  cloth mothers over the wire mothers. 
B)  wire mothers over the cloth mothers. 
C)  cloth mothers over the wire mothers only when the cloth mothers provided food. 
D)  wire mothers over the cloth mothers only when the wire mothers provided food. 
A)  cloth mothers over the wire mothers. 
B)  wire mothers over the cloth mothers. 
C)  cloth mothers over the wire mothers only when the cloth mothers provided food. 
D)  wire mothers over the cloth mothers only when the wire mothers provided food.

Question 20

Which of the following is NOT a threat to external validity?

Accepted Answer

A)  Statistical regression 
B)  Reactive arrangements 
C)  Convenience sampling 
D)  Multiple-treatment interference 
A)  Statistical regression 
B)  Reactive arrangements 
C)  Convenience sampling 
D)  Multiple-treatment interference

Which of the following animal species is overrepresented in psychological research?

Explain why controlling many factors increases internal validity but decreases external validity.

What is the most important property of any experiment?

What is cross-cultural psychology? Why is it important to consider cross-cultural psychology when discussing external validity?

How should a researcher guard against diffusion of treatment?

Describe the internal validity threat of testing and give an example.

Generalizability is most closely associated with

Which of the following groups is overrepresented as participants in psychological research?

Anderson and Bushman (1997) argue that if a study has low internal validity, a discussion of external validity is meaningless. Explain.

What is multiple-treatment interference?

Which of the following best reflects Mook's (1983) position on external validity?

When a treatment effect is found only for a specific sample of participants, it is referred to as a(n)

What are interactions with selection? Give an example and explain why it's a threat to internal validity.

Early social psychologists were _______ likely to use diverse populations in their research compared to current social psychologists.

_________ was the first African American woman to earn a doctorate in psychology in 1934.

Why are college students so often participants in psychological research? What are some drawbacks to using college students as participants, according to Sears (1986)?

Explain how demand characteristics and reactive arrangements affect generalizability.

Harlow's research on baby rhesus monkeys showed that the baby monkeys preferred the

Which of the following is NOT a threat to external validity?

Psychological Research and the Research Methods Course

Developing a Good Research Idea and Conducting an Ethical Project

Qualitative Research Methods

Nonexperimental Methods: Descriptive Methods, Correlational Studies, Ex Post Facto Studies, Surveys and Questionnaires, Sampling, and Basic Research Strategies

Using the Scientific Method in Psychology

Conducting a Good Experiment I: Variables and Control

Conducting a Good Experiment Ii: Final Considerations, Unanticipated Influences, and Cross-Cultural Issues

Using Statistics to Answer Questions

Designing, Conducting, Analyzing, and Interpreting Experiments With Two Groups

Designing, Conducting, Analyzing, and Interpreting Experiments With More Than Two Groups

Designing, Conducting, Analyzing, and Interpreting Experiments With Multiple Independent Variables

Alternative Research Designs

Writing and Assembling an Apa-Format Research Report

Filters

Exam 8: Internal and External Validity

Which of the following animal species is overrepresented in psychological research?

Explain why controlling many factors increases internal validity but decreases external validity.

What is the most important property of any experiment?

What is cross-cultural psychology? Why is it important to consider cross-cultural psychology when discussing external validity?

How should a researcher guard against diffusion of treatment?

Describe the internal validity threat of testing and give an example.

Generalizability is most closely associated with

Which of the following groups is overrepresented as participants in psychological research?

Anderson and Bushman (1997) argue that if a study has low internal validity, a discussion of external validity is meaningless. Explain.

What is multiple-treatment interference?

Which of the following best reflects Mook's (1983) position on external validity?

When a treatment effect is found only for a specific sample of participants, it is referred to as a(n)

What are interactions with selection? Give an example and explain why it's a threat to internal validity.

Early social psychologists were _______ likely to use diverse populations in their research compared to current social psychologists.

_________ was the first African American woman to earn a doctorate in psychology in 1934.

Why are college students so often participants in psychological research? What are some drawbacks to using college students as participants, according to Sears (1986)?

Explain how demand characteristics and reactive arrangements affect generalizability.

Harlow's research on baby rhesus monkeys showed that the baby monkeys preferred the

Which of the following is NOT a threat to external validity?

Psychological Research and the Research Methods Course

Developing a Good Research Idea and Conducting an Ethical Project

Qualitative Research Methods

Nonexperimental Methods: Descriptive Methods, Correlational Studies, Ex Post Facto Studies, Surveys and Questionnaires, Sampling, and Basic Research Strategies

Using the Scientific Method in Psychology

Conducting a Good Experiment I: Variables and Control

Conducting a Good Experiment Ii: Final Considerations, Unanticipated Influences, and Cross-Cultural Issues

Using Statistics to Answer Questions

Designing, Conducting, Analyzing, and Interpreting Experiments With Two Groups

Designing, Conducting, Analyzing, and Interpreting Experiments With More Than Two Groups

Designing, Conducting, Analyzing, and Interpreting Experiments With Multiple Independent Variables

Alternative Research Designs

Writing and Assembling an Apa-Format Research Report

Filters