Question 1

Maturational changes are most likely to occur in an experiment that has

Accepted Answer

A)  repeated measurements of the dependent variable. 
B)  one measurement of the dependent variable. 
C)  one measurement of the independent variable. 
D)  high external validity. 
A)  repeated measurements of the dependent variable. 
B)  one measurement of the dependent variable. 
C)  one measurement of the independent variable. 
D)  high external validity.

Question 2

The threat of a(n) _______________ becomes greater as it becomes more difficult to find participants because the participants that the researcher does find are likely to be unique and not representative of the population.

Accepted Answer

A)  interaction of testing and treatment 
B)  reactive arrangement 
C)  interaction of selection and treatment 
D)  instrumentation threat 
A)  interaction of testing and treatment 
B)  reactive arrangement 
C)  interaction of selection and treatment 
D)  instrumentation threat

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT a type of generalization described in the textbook?

Accepted Answer

A)  Population generalization 
B)  Internal generalization 
C)  Environmental generalization 
D)  Temporal generalization 
A)  Population generalization 
B)  Internal generalization 
C)  Environmental generalization 
D)  Temporal generalization

Question 4

Why do the groups have to be equivalent at the start of an experiment?

Accepted Answer

A)  If the groups are not equivalent at the start of an experiment, the experiment is contaminated by ethnocentrism. 
B)  If the groups are not equivalent at the start of an experiment, demand characteristics are more likely. 
C)  If the groups are not equivalent at the start of an experiment, it is impossible to conduct a replication. 
D)  If the groups are not equivalent at the start of an experiment, we cannot be certain that the IV caused any difference observed in the DV. 
A)  If the groups are not equivalent at the start of an experiment, the experiment is contaminated by ethnocentrism. 
B)  If the groups are not equivalent at the start of an experiment, demand characteristics are more likely. 
C)  If the groups are not equivalent at the start of an experiment, it is impossible to conduct a replication. 
D)  If the groups are not equivalent at the start of an experiment, we cannot be certain that the IV caused any difference observed in the DV.

Question 5

A study with good internal validity

Accepted Answer

A)  has good environmental generalization. 
B)  has good temporal generalization. 
C)  is free from confounds. 
D)  has at least one interaction with selection. 
A)  has good environmental generalization. 
B)  has good temporal generalization. 
C)  is free from confounds. 
D)  has at least one interaction with selection.

Question 6

Sears (1986) argued that research findings that have only been tested in college students may not generalize to other populations, which is referred to as a __________ problem.

Accepted Answer

A)  reactive arrangements 
B)  multiple-treatment interference 
C)  selection-treatment interaction 
D)  demand characteristics 
A)  reactive arrangements 
B)  multiple-treatment interference 
C)  selection-treatment interaction 
D)  demand characteristics

Question 7

Describe the Harlow research on baby rhesus monkeys. Does this research exhibit good external validity? Explain. What is Mook's (1983) position on this study?

Accepted Answer

The Harlow research on baby rhesus monke

Question 8

Which threat to internal validity is most likely to affect an experiment in which one of the conditions is very unpleasant or demanding?

Accepted Answer

A)  Mortality 
B)  History 
C)  Selection 
D)  Interactions with selection 
A)  Mortality 
B)  History 
C)  Selection 
D)  Interactions with selection

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT one of Mook's (1983) arguments regarding external validity?

Accepted Answer

A)  If we can demonstrate that a phenomenon occurs in a lab's unnatural setting, the validity of a finding may actually be strengthened. 
B)  Most experiments should be designed to generalize to the real world. 
C)  A researcher may be interested in what can happen, not whether it usually happens. 
D)  Valuable research is conducted in a laboratory setting that may have no real-world analogy. 
A)  If we can demonstrate that a phenomenon occurs in a lab's unnatural setting, the validity of a finding may actually be strengthened. 
B)  Most experiments should be designed to generalize to the real world. 
C)  A researcher may be interested in what can happen, not whether it usually happens. 
D)  Valuable research is conducted in a laboratory setting that may have no real-world analogy.

Question 10

A researcher would like to conduct an experiment to test the effectiveness of a program designed to raise SAT scores. He wishes to obtain a sample of low-scoring high school students, administer the program, and then administer the SAT again. He hypothesizes that SAT scores will be higher after the program than before. Describe at least four different threats to internal validity that are relevant in this study.

Accepted Answer

1. Selection bias: If the researcher doe

Question 11

__________ refers to a threat to internal validity that occurs if the equipment or human measuring the DV changes the measuring criterion over time.

Accepted Answer

A)  Mortality 
B)  Maturation 
C)  History 
D)  Instrumentation 
A)  Mortality 
B)  Maturation 
C)  History 
D)  Instrumentation

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a threat to internal validity?

Accepted Answer

A)  Multiple-treatment interference 
B)  History 
C)  Maturation 
D)  Statistical regression 
A)  Multiple-treatment interference 
B)  History 
C)  Maturation 
D)  Statistical regression

Question 13

__________ refers to events that occur between repeated measurements of the dependent variable.

Accepted Answer

A)  Maturation 
B)  Statistical regression 
C)  Selection 
D)  History 
A)  Maturation 
B)  Statistical regression 
C)  Selection 
D)  History

Question 14

Define internal validity and describe four threats to internal validity.

Accepted Answer

Internal validity refers to the extent t

Question 15

Dependent variable measurements that actually change the dependent variable being measured are known as

Accepted Answer

A)  nonreactive measures. 
B)  reactive measures. 
C)  diffusion of treatments. 
D)  instrumentation problems. 
A)  nonreactive measures. 
B)  reactive measures. 
C)  diffusion of treatments. 
D)  instrumentation problems.

Question 16

_____________ generalization refers to applying the results from an experiment to participants outside of those used in the original experiment.

Accepted Answer

A)  Temporal 
B)  Environmental 
C)  Population 
D)  Selection 
A)  Temporal 
B)  Environmental 
C)  Population 
D)  Selection

Question 17

On the surface, it seems as though indeed, laboratory settings have little relation to the outside world (note, for instance, the differences in your answers for questions 5 and 6). How do Anderson and Bushman (1997) refute this claim?

Accepted Answer

Anderson and Bushman (1997) argue that r

Question 18

According to Anderson and Bushman (1997), in what way is aggression in the laboratory similar to aggression in the real world? Why is it important to note these similarities?

Accepted Answer

In both laboratory aggression and real-w

Question 19

What is statistical regression? How does statistical regression relate to internal validity?

Accepted Answer

Statistical regression is a method used

Question 20

What is comparative psychology?

Accepted Answer

A)  the study of gender differences 
B)  the study of behavior in different species 
C)  the study of differences in the subdisciplines of psychology 
D)  the study of cultural differences 
A)  the study of gender differences 
B)  the study of behavior in different species 
C)  the study of differences in the subdisciplines of psychology 
D)  the study of cultural differences

Maturational changes are most likely to occur in an experiment that has

The threat of a(n) _______________ becomes greater as it becomes more difficult to find participants because the participants that the researcher does find are likely to be unique and not representative of the population.

Which of the following is NOT a type of generalization described in the textbook?

Why do the groups have to be equivalent at the start of an experiment?

A study with good internal validity

Sears (1986) argued that research findings that have only been tested in college students may not generalize to other populations, which is referred to as a __________ problem.

Describe the Harlow research on baby rhesus monkeys. Does this research exhibit good external validity? Explain. What is Mook's (1983) position on this study?

Which threat to internal validity is most likely to affect an experiment in which one of the conditions is very unpleasant or demanding?

Which of the following is NOT one of Mook's (1983) arguments regarding external validity?

__________ refers to a threat to internal validity that occurs if the equipment or human measuring the DV changes the measuring criterion over time.

Which of the following is NOT a threat to internal validity?

__________ refers to events that occur between repeated measurements of the dependent variable.

Define internal validity and describe four threats to internal validity.

Dependent variable measurements that actually change the dependent variable being measured are known as

_____________ generalization refers to applying the results from an experiment to participants outside of those used in the original experiment.

On the surface, it seems as though indeed, laboratory settings have little relation to the outside world (note, for instance, the differences in your answers for questions 5 and 6). How do Anderson and Bushman (1997) refute this claim?

According to Anderson and Bushman (1997), in what way is aggression in the laboratory similar to aggression in the real world? Why is it important to note these similarities?

What is statistical regression? How does statistical regression relate to internal validity?

What is comparative psychology?

Psychological Research and the Research Methods Course

Developing a Good Research Idea and Conducting an Ethical Project

Qualitative Research Methods

Nonexperimental Methods: Descriptive Methods, Correlational Studies, Ex Post Facto Studies, Surveys and Questionnaires, Sampling, and Basic Research Strategies

Using the Scientific Method in Psychology

Conducting a Good Experiment I: Variables and Control

Conducting a Good Experiment Ii: Final Considerations, Unanticipated Influences, and Cross-Cultural Issues

Using Statistics to Answer Questions

Designing, Conducting, Analyzing, and Interpreting Experiments With Two Groups

Designing, Conducting, Analyzing, and Interpreting Experiments With More Than Two Groups

Designing, Conducting, Analyzing, and Interpreting Experiments With Multiple Independent Variables

Alternative Research Designs

Writing and Assembling an Apa-Format Research Report

Filters

Exam 8: Internal and External Validity

Maturational changes are most likely to occur in an experiment that has

The threat of a(n) _______________ becomes greater as it becomes more difficult to find participants because the participants that the researcher does find are likely to be unique and not representative of the population.

Which of the following is NOT a type of generalization described in the textbook?

Why do the groups have to be equivalent at the start of an experiment?

A study with good internal validity

Sears (1986) argued that research findings that have only been tested in college students may not generalize to other populations, which is referred to as a __________ problem.

Describe the Harlow research on baby rhesus monkeys. Does this research exhibit good external validity? Explain. What is Mook's (1983) position on this study?

Which threat to internal validity is most likely to affect an experiment in which one of the conditions is very unpleasant or demanding?

Which of the following is NOT one of Mook's (1983) arguments regarding external validity?

__________ refers to a threat to internal validity that occurs if the equipment or human measuring the DV changes the measuring criterion over time.

Which of the following is NOT a threat to internal validity?

__________ refers to events that occur between repeated measurements of the dependent variable.

Define internal validity and describe four threats to internal validity.

Dependent variable measurements that actually change the dependent variable being measured are known as

_____________ generalization refers to applying the results from an experiment to participants outside of those used in the original experiment.

On the surface, it seems as though indeed, laboratory settings have little relation to the outside world (note, for instance, the differences in your answers for questions 5 and 6). How do Anderson and Bushman (1997) refute this claim?

According to Anderson and Bushman (1997), in what way is aggression in the laboratory similar to aggression in the real world? Why is it important to note these similarities?

What is statistical regression? How does statistical regression relate to internal validity?

What is comparative psychology?

Psychological Research and the Research Methods Course

Developing a Good Research Idea and Conducting an Ethical Project

Qualitative Research Methods

Nonexperimental Methods: Descriptive Methods, Correlational Studies, Ex Post Facto Studies, Surveys and Questionnaires, Sampling, and Basic Research Strategies

Using the Scientific Method in Psychology

Conducting a Good Experiment I: Variables and Control

Conducting a Good Experiment Ii: Final Considerations, Unanticipated Influences, and Cross-Cultural Issues

Using Statistics to Answer Questions

Designing, Conducting, Analyzing, and Interpreting Experiments With Two Groups

Designing, Conducting, Analyzing, and Interpreting Experiments With More Than Two Groups

Designing, Conducting, Analyzing, and Interpreting Experiments With Multiple Independent Variables

Alternative Research Designs

Writing and Assembling an Apa-Format Research Report

Filters