Question 1

The _______ variable is the response or behavior that is measured.

Accepted Answer

A)  independent 
B)  confounded 
C)  dependent 
D)  nuisance 
A)  independent 
B)  confounded 
C)  dependent 
D)  nuisance

Question 2

What is within-subject counterbalancing? What is one major drawback to within-subject counterbalancing?

Accepted Answer

Within-subject counterbalancing is a res

Question 3

Uncontrolled variables that can cause unintended changes between groups are known as

Accepted Answer

A)  independent variables. 
B)  dependent variables. 
C)  physiological variables. 
D)  extraneous variables. 
A)  independent variables. 
B)  dependent variables. 
C)  physiological variables. 
D)  extraneous variables.

Question 4

What is complete counterbalancing? Describe at least one advantage and one disadvantage of complete counterbalancing.

Accepted Answer

Complete counterbalancing is a method us

Question 5

Harry decides to use incomplete counterbalancing for his study in which each participant is exposed to six different treatments over the course of the study. He decides to randomly select the sequences he will use. Which requirement of counterbalancing is he likely to violate?

Accepted Answer

A)  Each treatment must be presented to each participant an equal number of times. 
B)  Each treatment must occur an equal number of times at each testing or practice session. 
C)  Each treatment must precede and follow each of the other treatments an equal number of times. 
D)  Both b and C 
A)  Each treatment must be presented to each participant an equal number of times. 
B)  Each treatment must occur an equal number of times at each testing or practice session. 
C)  Each treatment must precede and follow each of the other treatments an equal number of times. 
D)  Both b and C

Question 6

Joy is conducting her experiment in the same room, with the same temperature, and the same lighting. Joy is using the control technique of

Accepted Answer

A)  randomization. 
B)  elimination. 
C)  balancing. 
D)  constancy. 
A)  randomization. 
B)  elimination. 
C)  balancing. 
D)  constancy.

Question 7

Researchers wish to keep ________ variables to a minimum so that the effects of the ________ variable are as clear as possible.

Accepted Answer

A)  Nuisance; dependent 
B)  Nuisance; independent 
C)  Extraneous; dependent 
D)  Extraneous; nuisance 
A)  Nuisance; dependent 
B)  Nuisance; independent 
C)  Extraneous; dependent 
D)  Extraneous; nuisance

Question 8

How does randomization work to control extraneous variables?

Accepted Answer

A)  The researcher uses different treatment sequences in order to control order effects. 
B)  The researcher ensures that all groups receive the extraneous variables to the same extent. 
C)  The researcher creates a constant or uniform condition to control an extraneous variable. 
D)  Because all participants have an equal likelihood of being in any group, any individual differences associated with the participants should be equally distributed across the groups. 
A)  The researcher uses different treatment sequences in order to control order effects. 
B)  The researcher ensures that all groups receive the extraneous variables to the same extent. 
C)  The researcher creates a constant or uniform condition to control an extraneous variable. 
D)  Because all participants have an equal likelihood of being in any group, any individual differences associated with the participants should be equally distributed across the groups.

Question 9

Sagles et al. (2002) conducted a cross-cultural study of the identification of facial expressions. They were careful to use photographs of faces only so that variables like attire and body type could not influence responses. Sagles et al. used the control technique of

Accepted Answer

A)  randomization. 
B)  balancing. 
C)  constancy. 
D)  elimination. 
A)  randomization. 
B)  balancing. 
C)  constancy. 
D)  elimination.

Question 10

Natalie conducts an experiment in which she randomly assigns half the individuals to drink alcohol and half to drink tonic water that they think is alcohol. What kind of independent variable is being used?

Accepted Answer

A)  experience 
B)  participant 
C)  physiological 
D)  stimulus 
A)  experience 
B)  participant 
C)  physiological 
D)  stimulus

Question 11

Describe the control technique of constancy. Describe an example whereby constancy helped control an extraneous variable. Describe an example whereby constancy helped control a nuisance variable.

Accepted Answer

The control technique of constancy invol

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT one of the techniques to control extraneous variables?

Accepted Answer

A)  Elimination 
B)  Constancy 
C)  Randomization 
D)  Validation 
A)  Elimination 
B)  Constancy 
C)  Randomization 
D)  Validation

Question 13

The variable that the researcher directly manipulates is known as the ________ variable.

Accepted Answer

A)  dependent 
B)  confounded 
C)  independent 
D)  nuisance 
A)  dependent 
B)  confounded 
C)  independent 
D)  nuisance

Question 14

Defining variables in terms of the operations needed to produce them is called using _______ definitions.

Accepted Answer

A)  dictionary 
B)  operational 
C)  independent 
D)  confounded 
A)  dictionary 
B)  operational 
C)  independent 
D)  confounded

Question 15

An event or behavior that can assume two or more values is known as a

Accepted Answer

A)  constant. 
B)  confound. 
C)  carryover effect. 
D)  variable. 
A)  constant. 
B)  confound. 
C)  carryover effect. 
D)  variable.

Question 16

Which of the following is a good operational definition of anxiety?

Accepted Answer

A)  a feeling of apprehension 
B)  a feeling of worry 
C)  a feeling of unease 
D)  score on the Taylor Manifest Anxiety Scale 
A)  a feeling of apprehension 
B)  a feeling of worry 
C)  a feeling of unease 
D)  score on the Taylor Manifest Anxiety Scale

Question 17

Do the results in Table 1 support the hypothesis? Explain the results in words (Hint: "Reinforced" refers to the five slides for which the sounds increased or decreased. "Non-reinforced" refers to the five slides for which the sounds remained stable).

Accepted Answer

The results supported the hypothesis. Me

Question 18

Under what circumstances should you add more than one dependent variable?

Accepted Answer

Adding more than one dependent variable

Question 19

____________ is a control technique in which extraneous variables are completely removed from an experiment.

Accepted Answer

A)  Constancy 
B)  Randomization 
C)  Elimination 
D)  Balancing 
A)  Constancy 
B)  Randomization 
C)  Elimination 
D)  Balancing

Question 20

Read the discussion on p. 408 of the article. How does Valins (1966) propose using a similar methodology to treat phobias?

Accepted Answer

Valins argues that a therapist could put

The _______ variable is the response or behavior that is measured.

What is within-subject counterbalancing? What is one major drawback to within-subject counterbalancing?

Uncontrolled variables that can cause unintended changes between groups are known as

What is complete counterbalancing? Describe at least one advantage and one disadvantage of complete counterbalancing.

Harry decides to use incomplete counterbalancing for his study in which each participant is exposed to six different treatments over the course of the study. He decides to randomly select the sequences he will use. Which requirement of counterbalancing is he likely to violate?

Joy is conducting her experiment in the same room, with the same temperature, and the same lighting. Joy is using the control technique of

Researchers wish to keep variables to a minimum so that the effects of the variable are as clear as possible.

How does randomization work to control extraneous variables?

Sagles et al. (2002) conducted a cross-cultural study of the identification of facial expressions. They were careful to use photographs of faces only so that variables like attire and body type could not influence responses. Sagles et al. used the control technique of

Natalie conducts an experiment in which she randomly assigns half the individuals to drink alcohol and half to drink tonic water that they think is alcohol. What kind of independent variable is being used?

Describe the control technique of constancy. Describe an example whereby constancy helped control an extraneous variable. Describe an example whereby constancy helped control a nuisance variable.

Which of the following is NOT one of the techniques to control extraneous variables?

The variable that the researcher directly manipulates is known as the ________ variable.

Defining variables in terms of the operations needed to produce them is called using _______ definitions.

An event or behavior that can assume two or more values is known as a

Which of the following is a good operational definition of anxiety?

Do the results in Table 1 support the hypothesis? Explain the results in words (Hint: "Reinforced" refers to the five slides for which the sounds increased or decreased. "Non-reinforced" refers to the five slides for which the sounds remained stable).

Under what circumstances should you add more than one dependent variable?

____________ is a control technique in which extraneous variables are completely removed from an experiment.

Read the discussion on p. 408 of the article. How does Valins (1966) propose using a similar methodology to treat phobias?

Psychological Research and the Research Methods Course

Developing a Good Research Idea and Conducting an Ethical Project

Qualitative Research Methods

Nonexperimental Methods: Descriptive Methods, Correlational Studies, Ex Post Facto Studies, Surveys and Questionnaires, Sampling, and Basic Research Strategies

Using the Scientific Method in Psychology

Conducting a Good Experiment Ii: Final Considerations, Unanticipated Influences, and Cross-Cultural Issues

Internal and External Validity

Using Statistics to Answer Questions

Designing, Conducting, Analyzing, and Interpreting Experiments With Two Groups

Designing, Conducting, Analyzing, and Interpreting Experiments With More Than Two Groups

Designing, Conducting, Analyzing, and Interpreting Experiments With Multiple Independent Variables

Alternative Research Designs

Writing and Assembling an Apa-Format Research Report

Filters

Exam 6: Conducting a Good Experiment I: Variables and Control

The _______ variable is the response or behavior that is measured.

What is within-subject counterbalancing? What is one major drawback to within-subject counterbalancing?

Uncontrolled variables that can cause unintended changes between groups are known as

What is complete counterbalancing? Describe at least one advantage and one disadvantage of complete counterbalancing.

Harry decides to use incomplete counterbalancing for his study in which each participant is exposed to six different treatments over the course of the study. He decides to randomly select the sequences he will use. Which requirement of counterbalancing is he likely to violate?

Joy is conducting her experiment in the same room, with the same temperature, and the same lighting. Joy is using the control technique of

Researchers wish to keep ________ variables to a minimum so that the effects of the ________ variable are as clear as possible.

How does randomization work to control extraneous variables?

Sagles et al. (2002) conducted a cross-cultural study of the identification of facial expressions. They were careful to use photographs of faces only so that variables like attire and body type could not influence responses. Sagles et al. used the control technique of

Natalie conducts an experiment in which she randomly assigns half the individuals to drink alcohol and half to drink tonic water that they think is alcohol. What kind of independent variable is being used?

Describe the control technique of constancy. Describe an example whereby constancy helped control an extraneous variable. Describe an example whereby constancy helped control a nuisance variable.

Which of the following is NOT one of the techniques to control extraneous variables?

The variable that the researcher directly manipulates is known as the ________ variable.

Defining variables in terms of the operations needed to produce them is called using _______ definitions.

An event or behavior that can assume two or more values is known as a

Which of the following is a good operational definition of anxiety?

Do the results in Table 1 support the hypothesis? Explain the results in words (Hint: "Reinforced" refers to the five slides for which the sounds increased or decreased. "Non-reinforced" refers to the five slides for which the sounds remained stable).

Under what circumstances should you add more than one dependent variable?

____________ is a control technique in which extraneous variables are completely removed from an experiment.

Read the discussion on p. 408 of the article. How does Valins (1966) propose using a similar methodology to treat phobias?

Psychological Research and the Research Methods Course

Developing a Good Research Idea and Conducting an Ethical Project

Qualitative Research Methods

Nonexperimental Methods: Descriptive Methods, Correlational Studies, Ex Post Facto Studies, Surveys and Questionnaires, Sampling, and Basic Research Strategies

Using the Scientific Method in Psychology

Conducting a Good Experiment Ii: Final Considerations, Unanticipated Influences, and Cross-Cultural Issues

Internal and External Validity

Using Statistics to Answer Questions

Designing, Conducting, Analyzing, and Interpreting Experiments With Two Groups

Designing, Conducting, Analyzing, and Interpreting Experiments With More Than Two Groups

Designing, Conducting, Analyzing, and Interpreting Experiments With Multiple Independent Variables

Alternative Research Designs

Writing and Assembling an Apa-Format Research Report

Filters

Researchers wish to keep variables to a minimum so that the effects of the variable are as clear as possible.